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고도별 UHF 원격 관측을 이용한 혼합층 발달 사례 분석
김상진(Sang Jin Kim),권병혁(Byung Hyuk Kwon),김광호(Kwang Ho Kim),김박사(Park Sa Kim),김민성(Min Seong Kim),조원기(Won Gi Jo),윤홍주(Hong Joo Yoon) 한국전자통신학회 2018 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.1
GPS 라디오존데는 정밀 기상 센서와 GPS 위성 네트워크에서 생성된 데이터를 사용하여 풍선이 터질 때까지 상승하면서 종관 규모의 연직 관측을 수행하도록 설계되었다. GPS 라디오존데는 정밀한 온도, 습도 및 기압 센서를 내장하고 있다. GPS 라디오존데를 사용하여 2016년 3월 9일 18시부터 2016년 3월 12일 06시까지 서해의 세 섬에서 대기경계층을 집중관측하였고, 야간 안정층이 억제되고 오히려 야간 혼합층이 발달되는 사례를 조사하였다. 야간 혼합층은 3월 9일에 지표 열플럭스에 의해 발달된 반면에 3월 10일 혼합층 높이가 가장 높았던 21시에는 시어 생성이 가장 높았다. 난류운동에너지를 생산하는 수평 바람의 연직 층밀림과 표면열플럭스가 야간에도 혼합층을 성장시키는 데 중요한 역할을 하였다. The GPS radiosonde is designed to conduct a full synoptic sounding to balloon burst using data generated from precision meteorological sensors and the GPS satellite network. The GPS radiosonde include proven, accurate temperature, humidity and capacitance aneroid pressure sensors. The atmospheric boundary layer was intensively observed in three islands of the west sea from 18 LST on March 9, 2016 to 06 LST on March 12, 2016. We investigated the restriction of nocturnal stable layer and rather the development of the mixed layer at night. On March 9, nocturnal mixed layer was developed by buoyancy heat flux. On the other hand, on March 10, the shear production was higher especially at 21 LST when the mixed layer height was the highest during the intensive observation period. The wind shear and the surface heat flux which produce the turbulent kinetic energy played an important role to grow the mixed layer even at night.
DC마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 Pd박막 입힌 Nafion막의 특성
황기호,조원일,조병원,윤성렬,하흥용,오인환,김광범,Hwang, Gi-Ho,Cho, Won-Il,Cho, Byung-Won,Yoon, Sung-Ryul,Ha, Heung-Yong,Oh, In-Hwan,Kim, Kwang-Bum 한국전기화학회 2002 한국전기화학회지 Vol.5 No.2
상용 고분자 전해질인 Nafion 115 및 Nafion 117막 위에 do magnetron sputtering방법으로 Pd박막을 다양한 두께로 증착한 다음, 개질된 고분자 전해질 막의 morphology, proton 전도도(conductivity), 메탄을 투과도(permeability)를 측정하였으며, membrane and electrode assemblies(MEA)를 구성하여 DMFC 단위전지 성능을 측정하였다. Pd 박막은 Nafion막이 지니고 있는 단점인 메탄을 crossover에 대한 barrier로서 작용하였지만, 동시에 Nafion막의 고유 특성인 proton전도도의 감소를 가져왔다. Pd박막에 의하여 개질된 Nafion막의 메탄올에 대한 투과도와 proton전도도는 Nafion 막 상에 증착된 Pd 박막의 두께가 증가할수록 직선적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다 개질된 Nafon 막을 사용하여 제작한 direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)단위전지의 성능은 전체적으로 약간 저하되었다. Modified polymer electrolyte membranes were fabricated by the applying dc magnetron sputter-deposited Pd thin layers on the surface of the $Nafion^{TM}$ membranes in argon atmosphere. The Pd thin films were characterized by investigating its morphology, methanol permeability, and protonic conductivity. The performance of a direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC) with the modifed polymer electrolyte membrane was also tested by the measurement of its currents and voltages under flowing methanol. The Pd thin film could be a barrier layer to methanol crossover, but the protonic conductivity of the modified polymer membrane was reduced. By using the modified polymer eletrolyte membranes, both the methanol permeability and the protonic conductivity were decreased with increasing the thickness of Pd thin film. However, the performances of DMFC were almost independent on the thickness of Pd thim films. The efffcts of methanol concentration in a feeding fuels on the protonic conductivity and the cell performance were also investigated.
이영호(Young Ho Lee),김난희(Nam Hee Kim),윤종우(Jong Woo Yoon),이영기(Young Ki Lee),조상경(Sang Kyung Jo),김용섭(Yong Sup Kim),차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),조원용(Won Yong Cho),김애리(Ae Ree Kim),원남희(Nam Hee Won),구자룡(Ja Ryong Ku),김형규( 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.52 No.6
Objectives: Apoptosis is a physiologic or programmed cell death in contrast with necrotic cell death. Recently it has been known that apoptosis are concerned in the effects of chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy on tumor cells. Cyclosporine a(CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, has been effectively used in organ transplantaion, but it also has a significant toxicity in the kidneys. However the exact mechanism of CsA nephrotoxicity has not been ellucidated yet. This study was performed to investigate whether apoptosis particiates in CsA nephrotoxicity or not. Methods: Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. 1) Vehicle group(n=7) as a control: Cremopbor 50mg/kg/day/subcutaneously (sc) for 7 days, 2) CsA4 groupin=5): CsA 50mg/kg/ day/sc for 4 days, 3) CsA7 group(n=5): CsA 50mg/ kg/day/sc for 7 days, 4) R4 group(n=5): 4 days after CsA 50mg/kg/day/se for 7 days, and 5) R8 group (n=5): 8 days after CsA 50mg/kg/day/sc for 6 days, Biochemical parameters including blood pressure were measured in each group and the cell count of apoptosis in rat kidney was evaluated by in situ end labelling(ISEL) method. Results: 1) The increase of serum creatinine, blood pressure and decrease of creatinine clearance appeared in CsA4 and CsA7 groups. 2) The ce11 counts of apoptosis on tubular cells in CsA4 and CsA7 groups were significantly increased more than in control group(79.0±16.9, 98.4±11.4 vs 35.4±8.8, p<0.05), and the cell counts of apoptosis on tubular cells in R4 and R8 groups were not significantly different from that in control group(53.8±12.5, 65.2±7.1 vs 35.4±8.8, p>0.05), 3) The cell count of apoptosis on the interstitium in each group was not significantly different from that in control group(p>0.05). 4) The cell count of apaptosis on tubular cells was increased more than that on the interstitium in all groups. 5) The cell count of apoptosis on cortex only in CsA7 group was significantly increased more than that io control group(57.8±11.5 vs 21.8±2.6, p<0.05), 6) The cell count of apoptosis on medulla only in CsA4 group was significantly increased more than that in control group(636. ±17.9 vs 22.6±9.7, p<0.05). 7) Total cell counts of apoptosis only in CsA4 and CsA7 groups were significantly increased more than in contral group(96.0±21.1, 99.8±11.8 vs 46.6±11.4, p<0.05). Conclusion: CsA caused apoptosis mainly on tubular cells rather than the interstitial cells and apoptotic cells in CsA nephrotoxicity were not in- creased during the recovery phase. With the results apoptosis may play an important role in CsA nephrotoxicity.
고농도 포도당에서 배양한 혈관사이질 세포에서 안지오텐신 ll와 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제가 Procollagen α₁(lV) m RNA 발현에 미치는 효과
임천규(Chun Gyoo Ihm),이소영(So Young Lee),차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),조원용(Won Yong Cho),한상엽(Sang Yup Han),김형규(Hyoung Kyu Kim),조상경(Sang Kyoung Jo),윤종우(Jong Woo Yoon),김용섭(Yong Seup Kim),이정호(Jung Ho Lee) 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.1
N/A Objective: Diverse glomerular disorders leadsing to progressive glomerulosclerosis share the common features of increased mRNA expression for extra- cellular matrix protein and growth factors. The precise role of angiotensin II in contributing to these disturbances is currently unknown. ACE inhibitors have been proved to be beneficial in protecting against glomerular injury in animal models and many of human glomerular diseases. Type IV collagen is a main component of extracellular matrix in the mesangium : its increased accumulation is a common pathologic finding in the glomerulosclerosis. There are some evidences that the beneficial effect of ACE inhibitor does not solely depend on the hemodynamic effect, but may be mediated by other effect. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of high glucose, angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on the expression of PCa₁(lV) in mesansial cells(MCs). Methods: Human mesangial cells were cultured with standard method. To investigate the effect of each drug and high glucose condition, MCs were cultured in the normal-glucose medium(100mg/dl) and high-glucose medium(450mg/dl), respectively. An- giotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(captopril) were added to culture medium at final concentration of 10 M which is the physiologic dose in vivo. MCs were cultured in each condition for 3days, when the maximal effect of high glucose on MCs, and harvested for mesurement of the expression of PCa₁(IV) mRNA. To quantitate the PCa(1V) mRNA levels in each condition, semiquantitatine RT-PCR was done with co-amplification of house keeping gene. Results: PCa₁(IV) mRNA expression was significantly increased in high-glucose medium(30mM) compared to normal-glucose medium(5.5mM)(2.28±0.34 vs 0.96±0.08, p<0.05). Administration of angiotensin ll(10(-6)M) in culture media induced a further increment in the PC a >(IV) mRNA expression to 4.64±0.28(p<0.05). Angiotensin II in the normal-glucose medium increased the PCa₁(lV) mHNA expression as 2.69±0.23 control(p<0.05). Addition of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(Capopril, 10(-6)M) in high- glucose culture medium significantly suppressed the PCar(IV) mRNA expression as 0.690.11(p<0.05). Conclusion: High glucose concentration in culture medium significantly increases the mRNA expression of procollagen alphal(IV) than normal glucose concentration. Angiotensin II increases the collagen mRNA expression directly and this effect was significantly prevented by ACE inhibitor. This result suggests that hyperglycemia in diabetic millieu can directly increase collagen production, and ACE inhibitor may inhibit progressive glomerulosclerosis by decreasing collagen production as well as reducing intraglomerular pressure.