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      • 롤러 가압 임프린트 공정에서 잔류막에 미치는 공정 변수의 영향

        조영태(Youngtae Cho),정윤교(Yoon-Gyo Jung) 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2012 No.5-3

        In order to apply the nano imprint technology in the large area process, roller pressing is promising because of low cost and high productivity. When pressing mold by roller, liquid resin is locally squeezed by mold and substrate. In this study, the main focus is to understand which process parameter affects the residual layer. To do this, simple analytic model was introduced. Especially, we insert aspect ratio term in the equation. As a result, when the aspect ratio of pattern in the mold increases, the thickness of residual layer also increases. For the conclusion, the uniformity of residual layer could be accomplished by the control of velocity and pressing force in roller pressing imprint process.

      • KCI등재

        이민과 건강: 미주 한인과 한국인의 사망력 비교

        조영태(Youngtae Cho),안형식(Hyong-sik Ahn),정성원(Sung Won Jung) 한국인구학회 2001 한국인구학 Vol.24 No.2

        지난 20 여년간 미주 한인의 수는 급속도로 증가하였다. 하지만 이들의 건강에 관한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 기대여명(期待餘命), 연령별 사망률, 그리고 사망의 주요원인 등을 통한 본국 거주 한국인과 미주 한인의 건강 수준 비교를 그 목적으로 한다. 분석결과 전반적으로 미주 한인이 같은 연령의 한국인에 비해 기대여명은 더 높고, 연령별 사망률은 더 낮게 나타났다. 사망의 주요 원인에 관한 분석 결과, 미주 한인에게 있어서 신생물 (Neoplasms)로 인한 사망이 빈번하게 발견되었으나 소화기계 질환 (Diseases of the digestive system), 특히 간질환으로 인한 사망률은 동일연령의 본국 거주 한국인에 비해 크게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 두 인구 집단간 큰 차이를 보이는 신생물과 소화기계 질환에 대해 인구 사회 경제적 요소들을 통제하여 회귀 분석을 실시한 결과 신생물로 인한 사망 비율의 차이는 사라졌지만, 소화기계 질환으로 인한 사망 비율의 차이는 변함이 없었다. 결론적으로 미주 한인이 본국 거주 한국인에 비해 상대적으로 양호한 건강상태를 유지하고 있다고 볼 수 있고, 이는 미주 한인의 교육수준이 상대적으로 높고, 이민 후 보다 건강한 생활습관을 습득하기 때문이라고 여겨진다. 그러나 미주 한인의 경우 이질적인 문화와 언어 사용에 의한 정신적 스트레스와 소수민족이기 때문에 보건정책의 혜택에서 쉽게 소외된다는 사실 등을 고려할 때 본 연구 결과는 보다 지속적고 심도있는 연구의 필요성을 시사한다. Even though the number of Korean Americans has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, there have been very few studies that have examined the health of this population. This paper investigates the contemporary health status of Korean Americans in comparison to Koreans, employing mortality related health measures: life expectancy, age-specific death rates, and leading cause of death. Overall, we find that Korean American adults enjoy longer life expectancy and lower age-specific death rates than do their Korean counterparts, suggesting superior health status of the former as compared to the latter. Comparison of leading causes of death indicates that Korean American adults (age of 25-64) are more likely to die from neoplasms than are their Korean counterparts, while Koreans show a dramatically higher probability of death from liver-related diseases than Korean Americans. When these two causes of death are regressed on various demographic and socioeconomic factors. the difference in prevalence of neoplasms between the two populations disappeared. while that of liver-related diseases remains unaffected. Based on the outcomes from this research, we suggest that Korean Americans are a self-selected group in terms of health and socioeconomic status, and they adopt healthy behaviors after immigration. This has resulted in the relatively superior health of Korean Americans as compared to Koreans.

      • KCI등재후보

        공동주택단지 배치유형별 열환경 영향성 분석: 유체역학 시뮬레이션을 기반으로

        이건원,조영태,Gunwon Lee,Youngtae Cho 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2023 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.14 No.3

        This study attempted to simulate changes in the thermal environment according to the type of apartment complex in Korea using CFD techniques and evaluate the thermal environment by type of apartment. First, apartment complex types in the 2000s and 2010s were referred from previous studies and four types of apartment complex were extracted from. Second, the layout of the apartment complex and temperature changes were analyzed by the direction of wind inflow. Third, a standardized model was created from each type using tower type, plate type, and mixed driving. Last, CFD simulations were performed by setting up the inflow of wind from a total of eight directions. The temperature was relatively low in the type consisting of only the tower type and the type of placing the tower type in the center of the complex, regardless of the direction of the wind. It was due to the good inflow of wind from these types to the inside of the complex. It can be interpreted because wind flows easily into the complex in these types. The findings showed that wind flow and resulting temperature distribution patterns differed depending on the building type and complex layout type, confirming the need for careful consideration of the complex layout in the early design stage. The results are expected to be used as basic data for creating a sustainable residential environment in the early design stage of apartment complexes in the future.

      • KCI등재

        국가 발전에 적합한 인구 특성 : 아시아 국가를 중심으로

        고우림(Woorim Ko),조영태(Youngtae Cho),정명구(Myunggu Jung),원성호(Sungho Won) 경북대학교 사회과학연구원 2020 사회과학 담론과 정책 Vol.13 No.1

        최근 세계 경제에서 아시아가 차지하는 중요성이 커지면서 아시아 국가들의 빠른 경제발전 속도에 기여하는 요소들에 대한 학술적 관심도 함께 커지고 있다. 그런데 다양한 요소들 중 상대적으로 주목받지 못하고 있는 요소가 ‘인구’다. 인구는 사회를 구성하는 기본요소이며, 생산자와 수요자의 역할을 동시에 하고 있기에 국가 발전에서 반드시 주목되어야 하는 요소다. 이에 본 연구는 아시아 국가들을 대상으로 경제 발전에 적합한 인구 특성이 무엇인지 경험적으로 고찰하였다. 1980년~2015년 아시아 19개국 인구의 양적(총 인구수, 합계 출산율, 유소년 부양비, 노년 부양비, 25세~49세 인구 비중) 및 질적(25세~49세의 평균 교육 년 수, 영유아 사망률)특성의 지표들과 경제 성장 지표인 1인당 GDP와의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 분석에는 통합 패널 모형(Pooled-OLS), 고정효과모형(Fixed-effect model), 확률효과모형(Random-effect model)이 활용되었다. 분석 결과 ‘유소년 부양비’, ‘25세~49세의 인구 비중’, ‘25~49세의 평균 교육 년 수’가 아시아 국가들의 발전에 기여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 아시아 국가를 중심으로 인구의 양적 및 질적인 특성들이 독립적으로 경제 성장에 미치는 영향이 있다는 것을 실증적으로 증명 하였으며, 이는 국가 경제 성장 정책에 인구 요소가 반드시 고려되어야 함을 시사한 결과다. The increasing importance of Asia in the global economy in recent years has led to increased academic interest in the factors that have contributed to the rapid economic development of Asian countries. Among the various factors, however, a relatively unfocused factor is the population. Population is a fundamental component of society, and it is a factor that must be noted in national development, because it serves as both a producer and a consumer. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed the characteristics of population characteristics suitable for economic development among Asian countries. The population characteristics include both quantitative aspects (total population, total fertility rate, child age dependency ratio, old age dependency ratio, proportion of 25-49 year) and qualitative aspects (Average years of schooling 25-49 years, Morality under 5 years). For analysis, Pooled-OLS, Fixed-effect model, and Random-effect model were used. Results showed that ‘Child dependency ratio’, ‘Proportion of 25~49 years’, and ‘Average schooling years of 25~49 years’ are contributing to the economic development of Asian countries. This study empirically divulged which quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the population have contributed to the economic growth among Asian countries. Authors suggest that demographic factors should be considered in nation’s economic growth policies, at least among Asian countries.

      • KCI등재후보

        Determinants of Fertility in Ethiopia

        Haejin Choi(최혜진),Youngtae Cho(조영태),Hye-Jin Paek(백혜진),Wonsik Hong(홍원식),Woorim Ko(고우림),Gizachew Balew,Youngok Youn(윤영옥),Mokryeon Cho(조목련),Ho Kim(김호) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2018 보건학논집 Vol.55 No.2

        Objectives: While much research has attempted to identify determinants of fertility in Ethiopia, analysis of structural and individual determinants of fertility at region or zone levels is scarce. This study aims to explore family planning factors by socio-demographic characteristics and identify determinants of fertility at a zonal or regional level. Methods: A national survey data which investigated reproductive age women (7,979 people) in Ethiopia on six regional states (Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Tigray, Somali regions and Addis Ababa) in 2017 were used. We perform several multi-level analyses to identify socio-demographic characteristics of family planning. Results: Higher education, living in the urban areas and increased age at first marriage are associated with smaller family sizes. Mother’s age has a positive significant association with the number of children ever born. Moreover, mothers who had abortion tend to have more children. T number of births varies across region and zone in Ethiopia. Also, there is more variation among regions than zones in the number of children ever born. Conclusion: This is one of the first national studies in Ethiopia which identified the determinants of fertility at zonal and regional levels. Improving women’s education and increasing the age at first marriage should be a policy agenda in terms of family planning. Interventions should be tailored to specify regions or zones to solve the existing problems of fertility.

      • KCI등재

        서울시 남녀노인의 건강불평등

        강혜원(Kang Hyewon),조영태(Cho Youngtae) 한국사회학회 2007 韓國社會學 Vol.41 No.4

        본 연구는 노인인구 집단에 대한 동질성 가설에 의문을 제기하여 노인인구 내 다양한 층위간 건강불평등을 진단하고, 이 과정에서 남녀간 어떠한 공통점과 차이점이 있는지 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 서울시「제 3차 시민 보건지표조사」에서 65세 이상 노인인구 1,472명의 자료를 분석에 이용하였고, 다음의 결과들을 얻을 수 있었다. 먼저, 남성노인 건강 프로파일에서 소득보다 교육의 효과가 더 많이 발견되는 반면, 여성노인은 건강지표로 사용한 모든 변수에서 소득의 효과가 일관되게 나타나고 교육의 효과는 주관적 건강에서만 발견되었다. 사회통합과 건강간 관련성은 남녀모두에게서 관찰되었으나, 남성모델에서 효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 사회경제적 지위와 사회통합의 효과를 함께 고려할 경우, 남성노인의 건강상의 차이를 설명하는 데 사회경제적 요인의 효과는 줄어드는 반면, 사회통합의 효과는 여전히 지속되었다. 한편, 여성노인은 남성노인과 반대의 결과가 나타났다. 요약하면, 우리사회에서 노인집단 내 존재하는 다양한 층위들의 건강상태가 다르고, 구체적인 건강지표에 따라, 그리고 남녀에 따라 건강에 중요한 변수가 다르게 존재하거나 그 효과의 크기가 다르기도 하지만, 일부에서는 남녀간 공통점도 존재하였다. 노인인구 내 다양한 하위집단 가운데 건강취약집단을 밝혀내어 이들을 위한 사회정책을 마련하는 데 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 이 연구의 의의가 있다. Contrary to the dominant hypothesis, 'homogeneity in the elderly population', this current study focuses on the heterogeneity in elderly health created by socioeconomic and social integration factors. Although social interest in elderly health has largely increased recently, neither sufficient discussion nor systematic empirical research on this topic has been carried out in Korea yet. In this regard, this study aims to examine the effect of socioeconomic status and social integration factors on the elderly health, paying particular attention on the function of gender. Data for this investigation come from the 2005 Seoul Citizens' Health Indicators Survey, and 1,472 Seoul citizens aged 65 and over are analyzed using the SPSS WIN program. Major findings suggest that less privileged social positions(regarding household income, education) are associated with adverse health outcomes of elderly people. Social integration factors including the possession of confidant, social activities, marital and employment status play an important role in creating unequal distribution of health in later life. In addition, there exist both differences and similarities in the association by different health indices including self reports of general health status, daily activity limitations, and depression. Implications for social welfare policy and future research are discussed.

      • KCI등재

        청소년의 흡연에 영향을 미치는 사회적 요인으로서의 학교 흡연율 : 다수준 분석의 적용

        변진옥(Jinok Byeon),조영태(Youngtae Cho) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2010 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.27 No.4

        Objectives: To obtain a more intensive understanding smoking behaviors of young adolescent in the contexts of schools which they attend, this study examined the effects of individual and school level factors divided into psychological and social factors respectively. Methods: Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to test the effects of school smoking rates on 1 year smoking experience of individual pupils in a sample of 3,449 students from 100 middle schools in Korea. Results: The results of multilevel analysis revealed the importance of social factors in three environments. Especially the social factors in school level, which were sense of school membership and school smoking rate, explained the variances between groups dropping the school effect from 0.194 to 0.046. Conclusion: This study suggests that adolescents' smoking behaviors are related to the multi dimensional and multi level factors. To reduce young adults' smoking rate, school level intervention should not be ignored.

      • KCI등재후보

        거시경제흐름과 출산동향

        김정현(Jung-Hyun Kim),조영태(Youngtae Cho) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2012 보건학논집 Vol.49 No.1

        Objectives: This study aims to analyze the association between macroeconomic indicators and fertility trends in Korea from 1995 to 2005. Methods: We utilize national birth record files from 1995 to 2005 obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). By enumerating event by quarters in a year, we calculate quarterly birth rate for 11 years. Rates are calculated separately by each one-year interval age groups in each year. Macroeconomic indicators (economy growth rate, consumer price index, and unemployment rate by age groups) are also quarterly calculated. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive and Age-Period-Cohort model using HLM. Results: 1. TFRs for first birth were affected by tempo-effect, while TFRs for second and above births were largely affected by quantum-effect. 2. Economy indices (unemployment rate and consumer price index variation rate) had a negative impact on both first and second and above births. However the economy growth rate had a positive effect on childbearing. 3. Macroeconomic indicators excercised independent influence on age, cohort and period. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the government should intensify employment stability and support policy for reconciliation of work and family in order to encourage the childbearing.

      • KCI등재

        일반 독거노인과 저소득 독거노인간의 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향요인 차이

        고영미(Young-Mi Ko),조영태(Youngtae Cho) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2013 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.30 No.2

        Objectives: As the size of elderly population living alone grows, socioeconomic diversity has also increased. This study examined if social risk factors of poor self-rated health were distinguishable between the low income elderly and their non-low income counterparts both living alone. Methods: The ‘2006 Elderly Health Interview Survey’ conducted by D-gu in Seoul was utilized. We divided the elderly living alone into two groups depending on their economic status: low income and non-low income. Employing logistic regression, we analyzed the associations of poor self-rated health with socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, social support, the relations with children, social activities, welfare service use, and the perception of neighborhood safety. Results: Proportion of rating one’s own health being poor was different between two populations. Social support was important for the self-rated health of the non-low income elderly, while welfare service use, the perception of neighborhood safety, and the relations with children were noticeable for the low income elderly. Conclusions: To better understand the health need of elderly population living alone, their heterogeneity in socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account.

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