Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D

조영걸,김정은,이선희,Brian T. Foley,최병선 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.2

Background: To date, no study has described disease progression in Asian patients infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Methods: To determine whether the disease progression differs in patients infected with subtypes D and B prior to starting combination antiretroviral therapy, the annual decline (AD) in CD4þ T cell counts over 96 59 months was retrospectively analyzed in 163 patients and compared in subtypes D and B based on the nef gene. Results: CD4þ T cell AD was significantly higher in the six subtype Deinfected patients than in the 157 subtype Beinfected patients irrespective of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment (p < 0.001). Of these, two subtype Deinfected patients and 116 subtype Beinfected patients had taken KRG. AD was significantly lower in patient in the KRG-treated group than in those in the KRG-naïve group irrespective of subtype (p < 0.05). To control for the effect of KRG, patients not treated with KRG were analyzed, with AD found to be significantly greater in subtype Deinfected patients than in subtype Beinfected patients (p < 0.01). KRG treatment had a greater effect on AD in subtype Deinfected patients than in subtype B einfected patients (4.5-fold vs. 1.6-fold). Mortality rates were significantly higher in both the 45 KRGnaïve (p < 0.001) and all 163 (p < 0.01) patients infected with subtype D than subtype B. Conclusion: Subtype D infection is associated with a >2-fold higher risk of death and a 2.9-fold greater rate of progression than subtype B, regardless of KRG treatment.

고려홍삼의 항 AIDS 효과

조영걸,Cho, Young-Keol 고려인삼학회 2008 고려인삼연구와 산업 Vol.2 No.1

Genetic defects in the nef gene are associated with Korean Red Ginseng intake: monitoring of nef sequence polymorphisms over 20 years

조영걸,김정은,우준희 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.2

Background: The presence of gross deletions in the human immunodeficiency virus nef gene (gDnef) is associated with long-term nonprogression of infected patients. Here, we investigated how quickly genetic defects inthe nef gene are associatedwithKoreanRedGinseng (KRG) intake in10 long-termslowprogressors. Methods: This study was divided into three phases over a 20-yr period; baseline, KRG intake alone, and KRG plus highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). nef gene amplicons were obtained using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR from 10 long-term slow progressors (n ¼ 1,396), and nested PCR from 36 control patients (n ¼ 198), and 28 ART patients (n ¼ 157), and these were then sequenced. The proportion of gDnef, premature stop codons, and not in-frame insertion or deletion of a nucleotide was compared between three phases, control, and ART patients. Results: The proportion of defective nef genes was significantly higher in on-KRG patients (15.6%) than in baseline (5.7%), control (5.6%), on-KRG plus ART phase (7.8%), and on-ART patients (6.6%; p < 0.01). Small in-frame deletions or insertions were significantly more frequent among patients treated with KRG alone compared with controls (p < 0.01). Significantly fewer instances of genetic defects were detected in samples taken during the KRG plus ART phase (7.8%; p < 0.01). The earliest defects detected were gDnef and small in-frame deletions after 7 mo and 67 mo of KRG intake, respectively. Conclusion: KRG treatment might induce genetic defects in the nef gene. This report provides new insight into the importance of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of AIDS.

복강경 초저위전방절제술 및 대장항문 문합술

조영걸,김선한,한구용,이동근 대한외과학회 2004 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2004 No.5

국내 HIV감염 동성연애자들의 역학적 특징 (1992년)

조영걸,신영오,김영봉,Cho, Young-Keol,Shin, Yung-Oh,Kim, Young-Bong 대한예방의학회 1993 예방의학회지 Vol.26 No.4

In order to investigate psychological and behavioral characteristics of homosexuals and to present evidence that homosexuals are in danger of HIV infection in Korea, this study was done by self-administered questionnaire and then direct interview with the 28 (35%) HIV infected homosexual/bisexuals of 79 HIV infected persons reported in 1992. Homosexuals without heterosexual activity were 9 and the others were bisexuals. Sixty-five percent of respondents had a guilty conscience for their homosexual activty. Twenty (71%) were in twenties and 5 (18%) in thirties. Twelve(43%) were detected via health card checking by health office, 21% by blood donation, 18% by hospital visit, and 7% by partner notification. Motivations for homosexual activity were curiosity (36%), temptation or recommendation (14%) and compulsion (11%). Eighteen (72%) never used condom on anal sex. Nine of 26 respondents had experience for anal sex with foreigners. Fourteen (54%) of 26 respondents had history for sexually transmitted diseases. Fighty percent did not have sexual contact after HIV infection and the others usually used condom. It was confirmed that over 57% of the respondents were infected within 1 year before HIV diagnosis and over 82% within 2 years. These data suggest that HTV infection among homosexual group is rapidly spreading.

홍삼의 AIDS 치료효과 분석 및 최근의 치료약제에 대한 내성 발현

조영걸 대한에이즈예방협회 2001 레드리본 Vol.39 No.-

1991년 11월부터 인삼연초연구원의 제의에 따라 국립보건원 AIDS과에서 고려홍삼을 HIV 감염자들에게 제공하기 시작하였으며 지금도 일부 동일한 환자들을 대상으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그간의 연구 성과와 최근 국내에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 치료제들에 대한 내성실태에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

HIV 감염자에 대한 달팽이 엑기스의 혈액면역학적 효과

조영걸,이희정,오원일,강은숙,김은순,김영봉,조양자,조군제 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

A unique sialic-acid-binding lectin from giant African snail Achatina fulica(AF) has a T cell mitogenicity. It was also noted that acetone extracts of AF have a anti-HIV effect in vitro. Thirty HIV-infected individuals(HIV+) were treated with AF extract(40% Chunho extract) for average 5. 5 months. Peripheral blood sampling and questionnaire were done every month after take. There was a significant decrease of WBC from 4 months after take. As a result, lymphocyte counts also decreased(P<0.01). However, there was a significant increase of CD4+T cell percentage from 1 month(P<0.01). The mean increase of CD4+T cell count was significant for first one month(39/pl)(P<0.05). Body weight also increased significantly(P<0.05). Over 90% HIV+ ex-pressed symptomatic improvement and wanted to be treated with AF extract continuously after the end of this study. In one HIV+ treated with AF for 19 months, the increases of CD4+T cell percentage and counts over 11 times after AF extract take were mean 67% and 85%, respectively, compared to baseline value. These data strongly suggest that aqueous AF extract has a immune enhancing effect on HN+.

중국 금 거래의 현물과 선물 시장 간 연관성에 관한 연구

조영걸,장휘 동중앙아시아경상학회 2018 한몽경상연구 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구는 중국 금 현물가격, 국제 금 현물가격, 중국 금 선물가격 간의 관련성을 실증적으로 검토한다. 분석 대상 기간은 2004년 9월 1일부터 2013년 8월 23일까지이며, 일별자료를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 단위근 검증을 통하여 시계열의 안정성을 확인하였으며, 다음으로 시계열 간에 공적분 관계가 존재하는가를 검증하였다. 다음으로 시계열 안정성이 확보된 자료를 이용하여 Granger 인과관계를 검증하였다. 마지막으로 오차수정모형을 추정하여 충 격반응함수와 예측오차 분산분해를 통하여 중국의 금 현물가격이 중국의 금 선물가격이나 국제 금 현물가격에 의하 여 받는 영향의 정도를 분석하였다. 단위근 검증 결과, 국제 금 현물가격, 중국 금 현물가격, 중국 금 선물가격 자료는 단위근을 자기는 불안정적인 시계열인 것으로 나타났고, 이들을 로그 값을 취하고 1차 차분하여 산출한 변화율 자료는 안정적인 시계열로 나타났 다. 그리고 가격변수에 대하여 공적분 검증을 실시한 결과, 국제 금 현물가격, 중국 금 현물가격, 중국 금 선물가격 간에 장기적인 균형관계를 나타내는 공적분 관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. China’s gold market was founded in 1993, in the same year the document No. 63 confirmed the marketization direction of China’s gold market. In January 2008, China gold features listed in Shanghai Features Exchange following approval by the China Securities Regulatory Committee. From then on, China entered a new phase of gold market and gold has become popular type of investment in China. This study analizes the interaction of China’s gold spot market and Futures market. Based on the gold futures price and international gold spot price database, empirical analysis regarding the impact of gold spot price, and to which extent it affects China’s gold futures market is conducted. Empirical methodologies such as unit root test, cointegration test, Granger causality tset, and vector error correction model (VECM) are used to analyze the price function of China’s gold spot and futures market. The daily data of the period from September 2004 to August 2013 are used. The data source of gold spot price and futures price is Shanghai Gold Stock Exchange. The data on international gold spot prices are from Korean Stock Exchange, and the exchange rates between China Yuan and US Dollar are from Bank of China. The data set of the international gold spot price, China’s gold spot price, and China’s gold futures price has been analyzed through unit root test and the results presents unstable time series. After first order differential, the data set turns out to be stable time series. Based on the analysis of cointegration approach for the unstable time series, the international gold spot price remains long-term equilibrium relationship with China’s gold futures price. According to the database of international gold spot price change rates, China’s gold spot price change rates, and China’s gold futures price change rates, the Granger causality test results indicate that fluctuation rates of China’s gold futures prices are in result of that of China’s spot price. However, the fluctuation rates of China’s gold spot price have little effect on that of China’s gold futures price. Furthermore international gold spot price barely influence that of China, to the contrary, China's gold spot price can significantly effect international gold spot price. Then following the analysis through vector error correction model (VECM) and impulse response function, China's gold spot price has positive impact on China's gold futures price. Although China's gold futures price has limited impact on China's gold spot price, its influence can be gradually increasing. Meanwhile, international gold spot price has no significant impact on either China's gold spot price or futures price. Finally, the variance decomposition analysis indicates the following results. China’s gold spot price has more impact on international gold spot price than that of China’s gold futures price.

상지 의수 및 근전도 기반 직관적인 제어 방법 개발

조영걸,이병욱,이영석,조민수,김경수 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

HIV 감염자에서 피부지연성과민반응과 CD4+ T 림파구수와의 상관관계

조영걸,정경순,전원경,김영봉,신영오 대한바이러스학회 1992 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.22 No.1

In order to evaluate the immunological state of HIV infected persons, we measured cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) in assessment of cell mediated immunity(CMI) by the Multitest CMI(Institute Merieux, France) and counted peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes by the fluorescence activated cell sorter(FACStar). The tests were done for 68 HIV infected persons and 22 HIV uninfected normal control. We classified 68 HIV infected persons by Walter Reed(WR) staging and examined whether there is a significnat correlation between DTH and CD4' T lymphocyte count. The mean CD4 T cell count(/mm') and CD4/CD8 ratio were 906+307 and 536+284(p<0.001), and 1.18+0.36 and 0.54+0.34(p<0.01) in the control and HIV infected group, respectively. Sixty-eight HIV infected [persons were classified into WR 45(56% ), WR 4(6% ), WR 9(13%), WR 8(12% ) and WR 2(3%). Total responses of Multitest CMI were 24.7+11.2mm and 13.2+8.4mm(p<0.01) in the control and HIV infected group, respectively. DTH responses in the HIV infected group were significantly low for the tuberculin(p(0.001), tetanus(p<0.05) and trichophyton (p<0.05) antigen, compared with control group. In the comparison of response rate for each antigen, only tetanus antigen showed a significantly low response rate of 53% for the HIV infected group(p<0.05) compared with 82% for the control. There was a significant correlation between CD4' T cell counts and the degree of DTH response for 90 persons, including 22 normal control group(r=0.34, p<0. 001).