근거이론으로 접근한 학교폭력 피해학생의 학교 적응과정

이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ),조아미 ( A Mi Cho ) 한국청소년복지학회 2012 청소년복지연구 Vol.14 No.1

This study was conducted to help student victims of school violence adjust well into school environment and find solutions to effectively intervene in such adjustments through understandings of victim individual`s psychological characteristics or past experiences on adaptations while treating the school adjustments as a ``process``. Therefore, the main question of the study was ``What is the school adjustment process of school violence victims?``, and it was analyzed by applying Grounded Theory introduced by Strauss and Corbin(1998). Participants of the study were in middle to high school students who experienced school violence for 3 months or more and went to school for 6 months or more after the violence. Data were collected from March 2011 to October 2011 through in-depth interviews. As a result, open coding consisted of 85 concepts, 28 sub-categories and 11 categories. According to a paradigm analysis by category in axial coding, causal conditions were ``current awareness of issues in life`` and ``feeling of urgency from gloomy future``, and a central phenomenon was ``identity restoration``. Contextual conditions to obtain this central phenomenon were ``a longing for friends`` and ``hopes for fulfilling experience``, while conditions intervening action/interaction strategies included ``recognition of a support system`` and ``change in views of surroundings``. Action/ interaction strategies were ``variating coping method`` and ``controlling the feeling of being stigmatized``, and the results were ``realization from the past`` and ``patience for future``. Through a process examination, they were analyzed to go through five stages including ``awareness stage``, ``admiration stage``, ``attempting-to-change stage``, ``redefining stage``, and ``establishment stage``. The key category appeared to be ``newly positioning oneself through recovery of identity``. And focusing on the core category, through confirmation of the relevance amongst continuously appearing categories, it was found that the process of adjustment was materialized into ``intervention``, ``survival``, ``response``, and ``craving`` types. Finally, in the conclusion, theoretical and practical implications of school violence on student`s school adjustment were presented based on the results of the study along with some suggestions for follow-up studies.

학교 밖 청소년의 낙인 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구

이지연 ( Lee Ji Yeon ),조아미 ( Cho A Mi ) 한국청소년복지학회 2021 청소년복지연구 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and the essence of stigma experience of out-of-school youth. 11 out-of-school youths who were 20 to 24 years old, and experienced more than 1 year cease of regular education in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do Province participated in this study. The Data were collected through the in-depth interview. Phenomenology of Giorgi (2004) was used to analyze the data. Results showed that the factors were divided into 9 categories and 22 sub-categories. 9 categories of stigma experiences among out-of-school youth consisted of ‘Being treated as a problem child’, ‘Being underestimated’, ‘Getting alienated’, ‘Getting discriminated’, ‘Devaluing one’s values’, ‘Being hurted, and imprinted hurt’, ‘Handling depending on situation’, ‘Realizing hard journey’, and ‘Being as a person who is growing’. As a result, the essence of stigma experiences of out-of-school youths presented as a journey that out-of-school youths labelled ‘a problem child’ entered the society, so-called the place of learning. This study is meaningful in that the development possibilities of out-of-school youths were found despite the stigma experiences of out-of-school youths.

청소년의 성별에 따른 컴퓨터 불안 결정요인

조아미(A Mi Cho) 한국청소년학회 1999 청소년학연구 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구에서는 청소년을 대상으로 컴퓨터 불안 수준에 있어서 성차가 있는지를 조사하고, 성별에 따라 관련 변인들(컴퓨터 사용경험, 컴퓨터 태도, 수학불안, 그리고 컴퓨터 효능감)이 컴퓨터 불안을 어느 정도 설명해 주는가에 대해서, 그리고 그들의 상대적 영향력은 어떠한가를 분석하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 조사대상은 수원시에 소재하고 있는 K중학교에 재학중인 297명의 중학생이었다. 이 중에서 남학생은 131명이고 여학생은 148명이었다. 컴퓨터 불안을 측정하기 위해서는 Marcoulides의 CAS와 Loyd와 Gressard의 CAS를, 컴퓨터 태도를 측정하기 위해서는 Pelgrum과 Plomp의 CAQ를, 그리고 수학불안은 Wigfield와 Meece의 MAQ를 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 컴퓨터 불안에 있어서의 성차는 컴퓨터 불안의 측정도구에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 즉 Marcoulides의 CAS에 의해 측정된 컴퓨터 불안은 남학생보다 여학생이 높은 것으로 나타난 반면, Loyd와 Gressard의 CAS에 의해 측정된 컴퓨터 불안에서는 남녀학생간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 컴퓨터 불안의 결정요인에 있어서는, 남학생의 경우, 컴퓨터에 대한 긍정적 태도가 Marcoulides의 CAS에 의해서 측정된 컴퓨터 불안의 결정요인이고, Loyd와 Gressard의 CAS에 있어서는 컴퓨터에 대한 긍정적 태도와 컴퓨터의 유용성이 중요한 결정요인인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편, 여학생의 경우, 컴퓨터에 대한 긍정적 태도와 수학불안이 두 척도에 의해서 측정된 컴퓨터 불안의 결정요인이고, 컴퓨터 효능감은 Marcoulides의 CAS에만 중요한 결정요인인 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the present study was to investigate (1) a gender difference in computer anxiety, (2) whether several independent variables such as computer experience, attitudes toward computers, math anxiety, and computer efficacy would predict computer anxiety, and (3) examine what their relative importance was. The subjects in this study were 297 junior high school students. Among them 131 were males while 148 were females. The results indicted that male adolescents were lower in their levels of computer anxiety than female adolescents in terms of Marcoulides` CAS, but no gender difference was found in terms of Loyd and Gressard`s CAS. Positive emotion toward computers was the most important predictor in computer anxiety. But usefulness was a significant element for computer anxiety in male students whereas math anxiety and computer efficacy were crucial predictors for computer anxiety in female students.

성장혼합모형을 활용한 청소년활동 참여 수준의 유형과 특성 분석

조아미(Cho, A-Mi),신택수(Shin, Tack-Soo) 한국청소년정책연구원 2012 한국청소년연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 청소년활동의 중요성을 인식하고 보다 적극적인 활동 참여를 유도함에 있어 실증적 분석결과와 논의를 제공하는 것이다. 이에 본 종단연구에서는 한국청소년패널조사(2010) 자료를 이용하여 청소년활동 참여수준의 변화를 유형화하고 유형별 특성을 분석하였다. 잠재성장모형과 성장 혼합모형에 기반하여 활동 참여수준의 변화를 유형별로 추정하고, 연도별로 수집된 다양한 청소년활동 관심변인과 유형 집단과의 관계도 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 청소년활동의 참여 수준은 시간이 흐름에 따라 전반적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 추정된 3개 유형의 변화집단 중 소수(전체의 3.6%)이기는 하지만 초기부터 청소년활동 참여에 적극적인 집단을 발견할 수 있었다. 이러한 적극적 참여집단의 경우 상대적으로 많은 정서변인과의 유의미한 관계가 지속적으로 관측되어 청소년활동 참여가 청소년의 정서적 발달 및 안정과 깊은 관계가 있다는 것이 입증되었다. The objective of the research is to provide valuable information regarding the importance of youth programs and active participation. Therefore, this longitudinal study categorized changes in the participation levels of youth activities and investigated the characteristics of each growth type. Making use of data taken from the Korean Youth Panel Study(KYPS), an appropriate number of latent classes in terms of change were detected using latent growth modeling and growth mixture analysis. The relationship between latent classes and the covariates of change were then examined. The results indicated that the overall participation levels decreased as time went by. One of 3 latent classes reported high participation levels in both the initial level and changed level, while the probability of being within this group was relatively small(3.6%). In the timevarying covariate analysis, personal factors such as self?esteem and life satisfaction were positively related with active participation across the school years. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that participation in youth activities clearly had an influence on the emotional development of the students studied.

비행친구와 청소년 가출의 관계에서 약물사용의 매개효과

조아미 ( A Mi Cho ) 한국청소년복지학회 2011 청소년복지연구 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of the present study were to investigate the relationship among deviant peers, runaway, drug use, and to examine the mediating effect of drug use in the relationship between runaway and deviant peers. The subjects were 2,844 participants of Korea Panel Survey(4th grades, 5th wave). Among them, 1,145 were female youths while 1,303 were male youths. The instrument were the items which used in Kore Panel Survey. One item was for runaway, 6 items for deviant peers, and 2 items for drug use(drinking and smoking). SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the Korea Panel Data. The correlation and multiple regression were implemented and Sobel z test was performed. The findings of this study were as follows. First, runaway is positively correlated with the number of the deviant peers and drug use. Second, the deviant peers is correlated with drug use. Third, drug use plays an important mediating role in the relationship between runaway and the deviant peers. Fourth, although the deviant peers influence on youth`s runaway, they do not explain the total variance of runaway. Fifth, it is required to study on the effect of the deviant peers on drug use.

학생청소년과 비행청소년의 문제행동 및 자아관련 변인에 관한 연구

조아미(A Mi Cho) 한국청소년복지학회 1999 청소년복지연구 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the difference between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents in terms of problem behavior and self-related variables(adolescent`s egocentrism, self-esteem, self-identity), and to examine the relationship between problem behavior and self-related variables. The subjects were 105 eighth and ninth grade students in Kyunggido area, and 103 juvenile delinquents who were similar to student adolescents in age. The major findings were as follows: First, there were partial differences in problem behavior between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents. That is, delinquent adolescents showed more severe problem behavior (except suicide attempts) than student adolescents, whereas there were no differences between these two groups in mild problem behavior except in the case of outlandish fashion, drinking, and smoking. The relationship between problem behavior and self-related variables turned out to be dependent on the character of the subjects and the degree of problem behavior.

성매매 청소년의 과거 , 현재 , 그리고 미래

조아미(A Mi Cho),이명화(Myung Hwa Lee) 한국청소년복지학회 2001 청소년복지연구 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine past, present, and future of teenage prostitutes, especially focused on their family background, reasons of prostitution, and concerns about their future career. The subjects were 9 teenage prostitutes who participated in a TV program and had counseling with YMCA counselors and TV producers. The data were collected by interviews. The results of the study were as follows: First, most of teenage prostitutes had severe family problems which had and impact on their reasons of prostitution. Second, female adolescents usually prostitute for money for their family and themselves. It can be referred to as survival sex. Third. most of teenage prostitutes did not say much about their future careers. It may mean that they don`s have a special plan for their future which is significant problem.

청소년지도자의청소년활동 안전의식 평가척도 개발 및 타당화

조아미 ( Cho A Mi ),이진숙 ( Lee Jin Sook ),강영배 ( Kang Young Bae ) 한국청소년복지학회 2016 청소년복지연구 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of study was to develop and validate the safety consciousness scale of the youth activity for youth workers. Sixty nine items were drawn by reviewing previous studies, performing expert discussion, and conducting content validity. 374 youth workers participated in the study. 7 factors and 38 items were identified by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In a confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that the goodness of fitness indexes such as χ2 value, NFI, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA were appropriate. The results of the study were as follows. First, the definition of the safety consciousness of youth activity was suggested. In other words, this study created the integrated definition of youth activity, youth safety, and the safety consciousness of youth activity, three of which indeed have been defined separately. Second, the safety consciousness scale of the youth activity for youth workers was developed and validated. Importance and limitation of the study were provided, and the direction for the future study was proposed.

대학생의 진로탄력성 척도 개발 연구

조아미 ( Cho¸ A-mi ),진영선 ( Jin¸ Young-sun ),임정아 ( Lim¸ Jeong-ah ) 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2019 미래청소년학회지 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 진로탄력성 개념과 구성요인을 정의하고, 이를 측정하는 대학생용 진로탄력성 척도를 개발하는 것이다. 연구대상은 서울지역 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 217명이었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 진로탄력성을 ‘진로를 새롭고 유연하고 도전적으로 인식할 수 있는 개인의 능력’으로 정의하였다. 진로탄력성의 구성요인은 창의성, 미래지향성, 도전정신, 유연성의 4개를 제시하였다. 둘째, 진로탄력성의 개념과 구성요인에 근거하여 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 창의성(6문항), 유연성(5문항), 도전정신(5문항), 미래지향성(4문항)의 4가지 구성요인에 대한 총 20문항을 개발하였다. 이와 더불어 다음과 같은 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 제언도 제시하였다. 연구의 제한 점으로는 진로탄력성 척도의 확인적 요인분석, 내용타당도, 판별타당도 등의 타당도 검증이 제대로 이루어지지 않았다는 것을 들 수 있다. 또한 진로탄력성의 구성요인으로 사회성을 포함시켜야 하는지에 대한 논의가 제대로 이루어지지 않았다는 것이다. 이러한 제한점은 후속연구를 통해 보완되기를 바란다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구는 진로탄력성을 새로운 시각에서 정의하고 이것을 측정하는 척도를 개발하고자 하였다는데 의의가 있다고 본다. 연구결과로 도출된 20문항의 진로탄력성 측정도구는 수용할만한 수준의 타당도와 신뢰도를 가진다고 할 수 있다. 이번에 개발된 진로탄력성 척도의 경우, 제한점이 있기는 하지만 추후 진로탄력성 연구가 활성화되는데 도움이 될 수 있다고 본다. The purpose of this study was to define the concept and component factors of career resilience, and to develop the college students’ career resilience scale. The subjects of the study were 217 university students in Seoul. The results of the study were as follows: First, career resilience was conceptualized as that ability to perceive things to be new, flexible, and challenging. Career resilience was composed as creativity, future orientation, challenging spirit, and flexibility. Second, the career resilience scale was developed by performing the result of the explaratory factor analysis based on the definition of career resilience and component factors. It included 20 items for 4 factors which were creativity(6 items), flexibility(5 items), challenging spirit(5 items), future orientation(4 items). In addition, the following limitations of the study and implication for the future studies were suggested. The limitation of the study was that the validity of career resilience scale was not presented. The confirmed factor analysis, content validity, and convergent validity should be performed. Also, it was not sufficiently discussed whether sociality should be included or not as a factor of career resilience. These limitations of the study was hoped to be complemented through the follow-up studies. In spite of these limitations, the present study is important in that it defines career resilience from new perspective, and provide the scale to measure it. The developed 20 items career resilience scale is a valid and reliable measurement. Therefore, this instrument will help to activate the studies of career resilience area.

청소년의 여가동기가 여가만족도와 안녕감에 미치는 영향

조아미(Cho A-Mi) 한국청소년정책연구원 2004 한국청소년연구 Vol.- No.39,40

이 연구의 목적은 청소년의 여가동기가 여가만족도와 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 조사하는데 있다. 보다 구체적으로는 성별과 학교급별로 청소년의 여가동기, 여가만족도, 안녕감의 상관관계를 분석하고, 청소년의 여가동기가 여가만족도와 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 한다.<br/> 조사대상은 서울에 거주하는 403명의 청소년이었다. 이 중에서 남학생이 196명(48.6%)이었고 여학생이 207명(51.4%)이었다. 학교급에 따라서는 중학교 1학년이 97명(24.2%), 중학교 2학년이 43명(10.7%), 중학교 3학년이 40명(9.9%), 고등학교 1학년이 115명(28.7%), 그리고 고등학교 2학년이 106명(26.4%)이었다.<br/> 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 여가동기 유형에 따라 여가만족도와의 관계에 있어서 다른 패턴을 보였다. 둘째, 성별이나 학교급별에 따라 청소년의 여가동기, 여가만족도, 안녕감의 관계에 차이가 있다. 셋째, 청소년의 여가동기는 여가만족도나 안녕감에 대한 설명력이 비교적 높다. 넷째, 여가동기 중에서 내재적 동기와 확인적 조절동기는 여가만족도와 안녕감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 무동기는 부정적인 영향을 미친다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adolescent's free time motivation on leisure satisfaction and well-being. The correlations among adolescent's free time motivation, leisure satisfaction, and well-being by gender and grade were included.<br/> The subjects were 403 adolescents. Among them, there were 196 male<br/> students and 207 female students. There were 180 middle school students and 221 high school students.<br/> The results of the study were as follows:<br/> First, the relationships between adolescent's free time motivation and leisure satisfaction showed different patterns according to its subtypes.<br/> Second, the correlations among adolescent's free time motivation, leisure satisfaction, well-being were different according to gender and grade.<br/> Third, adolescent's free time motivation significantly explained the variance of leisure satisfaction and well-being.<br/> Fourth, internal motivation, identified regulated motivation, and amotivation had an effect on leisure satisfaction and well-being.