성인초기의 불안정 성인애착과 대인관계문제 간의 관계: 정신화와 자기자비의 매개효과

조성자 ( Jo Sung ja ),김지연 ( Kim Jee Youn ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2021 사회복지경영연구 Vol.8 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 성인초기의 불안정 성인애착과 대인관계문제 간의 관계에서 정신화와 자기자비의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 애착불안과 애착회피 두 차원 모두 대인관계문제와 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 이는 불안정 성인애착 수준이 높아지면 대인관계문제를 겪을 가능성이 높음을 의미한다. 둘째, 애착불안과 애착회피 두 차원 모두 정신화와 부적 상관을 나타냈다. 이는 불안정 성인애착 수준이 높아지면 정신화의 수준은 낮아짐을 의미한다. 셋째, 애착불안과 애착회피 두 차원 모두 자기자비와 부적 상관을 나타냈다. 이는 불안정 성인애착 수준이 높아지면 자기자비 수준은 낮아짐을 의미한다. 넷째, 애착불안과 애착회피 두 차원 모두 대인관계문제와 관계에서 정신화의 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 정신화 수준을 높이는 것이 대인관계문제를 감소시킬 수 있는 개입이 될 수 있음을 보여준다. 다섯째, 애착불안과 애착회피 모두 대인관계문제와의 관계에서 자기자비의 매개효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 불안정 성인애착 수준이 높은 경우 자기자비를 통해 대인관계문제를 감소시키는 것이 어렵다는 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this study is to verify the mediated effects of mentalization and self-compassion in the relationship between insecure adult attachment and interpersonal problems in the early adult stage. First, It was confirmed that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance showed a positive correlation with interpersonal problems. This means that the higher the attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, the higher the possibility of experiencing interpersonal problems. Second, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance showed a negative correlation between mentalization. This means that the higher attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, the lower the level of mentalization. Third, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance showed a negative correlation between self-compassion. This means that the higher attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, the lower the level of self-compassion. Fourth, mentalization had mediating effects on relations between insecure attachment, that is attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, and interpersonal problems. This means that raising the level of mentalization can be an intervention that can reduce interpersonal problems when insecure adult attachment levels are high. Fifth, self-compassion hadn’t mediating effects on relations between insecure attachment, that is attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, and interpersonal problems. This means that it is difficult to reduce interpersonal problems through self-compassion when insecure adult attachment levels are high.

한국화(韓國畵) 화가의 작품에서 드러나는 색채와 심리의 관계 연구

정준교 ( Jeong Jun Kyo ),조성자 ( Jo Sung Ja ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2021 사회복지경영연구 Vol.8 No.2

이 연구는 한국화 화가들의 작품에서 드러나는 색채와 심리의 관계를 현상학적 연구 방법으로 밝히는 것이다. 연구참여자들은 연구의 주현상을 경험한 자들로 우리나라의 화단에서 활발히 활동하는 한국 채색화 화가들을 대상으로 하였으며, 연구자의 오랜 작품 활동을 통해 파악한 화가들을 참여자로 선정하여 연구하게 되었다. 참여자 선정기준은 현재 작품 활동을 하며 화가의 학력은 모두 수도권 지역의 대학과 대학원 졸업하였다. 평균적으로 수차례에 걸쳐 개인전을 하였으며 각종 공모전에서 수상한 한국화 화가로서 한국미술협회를 비롯한 각종 미술 단체에서 활동하며 대학 강의 경력을 가진 전문성이 있는 화가들에게 연구의 목적과 취지, 방법 등을 설명하였고, 그중에서 6명으로 선정되었다. 이 자료는 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 적용하여 참여자들이 제시한 작품에 표현된 색채를 파악하고 참여자들과 심층 면담을 하여 수집된 자료를 질적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과는 11개의 주제군과 42개의 주제, 4개의 범주로 도출되었다. 이 연구의 분석 결과는 첫째, 작품에서 색채로 나타난 자기표현과 둘째, 색채의 무의식적 특성, 셋째, 색채와 심리적 관계 연구를 목적으로 하였다. 이 연구의 가장 큰 의의는 연구참여자의 작품에서 어떻게 자신의 내면이 색채로 표현되는지를 알아보는 것이다. 작품에서 나타난 색채의 표현 경향과 주요 색채들이 가지는 성향과 의미를 살펴봄으로써 참여자의 작품에 표현된 자신의 본질을 알게 되고 무의식적으로 표현된 색채를 분석심리학을 통해 분류하고 연구하여 참여자의 작품에 표현된 내면의 성향과 색채의 의미를 파악하는 것이 연구의 성과라 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between color and psychology revealed in the works of academic painters through phenomenological research methods. The participants who agreed to join the experiments have experienced the main phenomenon of the study and been active in Korean Paintings. Participant selection criteria is that they are currently working in the Korean Art Association and various art organizations, with all their educational backgrounds above university graduate school and university graduates in capital area. Participants were presented with the purpose, purpose, and method of the study, and six of them were selected. The data from study applied Colaizzi's phenomenological research method, then qualitatively analyzed the data that is collected by the counseling about expressed colors it their presented works. The results were drawn from 11 themes, 42 themes, 4 category. The results of the study aimed to recognize the relationship between self-expression, unconscious nature of color and the psychological relationship of color in the work. The results are as follows. The main meaning of this study is to identify how psychology of a human could be expressed in colors in the works of participants. The results of the study demonstrates self-expression and ego by recognizing the tendency and meaning of color expression trends and major colors in the work. Moreover, by classifying unconscious characteristics of the colors through analytical psychology, the study confirms the tendency of the colors.

경계선 지적기능(BIF) 자녀를 둔 부모의 심리적 경험 연구 -근거이론을 중심으로-

김영미 ( Kim Young Mi ),조성자 ( Jo Sung Ja ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2021 사회복지경영연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 경계선 지적기능 자녀를 둔 부모역할의 방향성을 재조명하기 위해 BIF 자녀를 둔 부모들이 그동안 양육을 해 오면서 겪는 심리적 경험은 무엇인가?에 대한 실체이론을 제시하는 것이다. 청년기에 있는 경계선 지적기능 자녀를 둔 어머니 총 11명을 대상으로, 양육 상황에서 겪는 부모의 심리적 경험의 내용은 무엇인지에 대한 심층면담을 실시하였다. 자료수집기간은 2020년 6월부터 10월까지이며 질적 연구방법인 Strauss & Corbin(1998) 이 제시한 근거이론 방법절차에 따라 진행되었다. 자료 분석 결과, 개방코딩에서 101개의 개념, 38개의 하위범주와 19개의 범주를 추출한 결과, 중심현상은 ‘포기할 수 없는 희망과 심연의 고통 속에서 방향을 모색함’으로 나타났고, 부인 단계→ 투사적 동일시단계→ 불안 인식단계→ 내려놓음 단계→ 분리 개별화 단계→ 수용 단계를 거쳐 자녀의 인지 결손에 맞춰 조력하고 자립을 목표로 하는 부모역할의 방향성을 찾아갔다. 핵심범주는 ‘불안 속에서 내 욕심을 내려놓고 자녀를 있는 그대로를 수용하며 방향을 찾아감’으로 분석되었다. The purpose of this study is to present a substantive theory on the psychological experiences that parents of BIF children have while raising children in order to re-examine the direction of the parental role of children with borderline intellectual skills. An in-depth interview was conducted on a total of 11 mothers with borderline intellectually functioning children in adolescence on the psychological experiences of parents in parenting situations. The data collection period was from June to October 2020, and it was conducted according to the grounded theory method procedure suggested by Strauss & Corbin (1998), which is a qualitative research method. As a result of data analysis, as a result of extracting 101 concepts, 38 subcategories, and 19 categories from open coding, the central phenomenon was found to be 'searching for a direction in the pain of the abyss and hope that cannot be given up', and the denial stage → projection Through the stage of identification with the child → the stage of recognizing anxiety → the stage of letting go → the stage of separation and individualization → the stage of acceptance, the direction of the parental role aimed at helping the child's cognitive deficits was found.

LC / ESI - MS를 이용한 Acrylamide의 정성확인 및 정량분석

박찬구(Chan-Koo Park),조성자(Sung-Ja Jo),조남준(Nam-Joon Chough),김민영(Min-Young Kim),손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),문경환(Kyong-Whan Moon) 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Acrylamide, difficult to analyze by GC and GC/MS due to the polarity and low volatility, was analyzed by LC/ESI/MS in the study. Acrylamide its (molecular weight 71amu) showed m/z=72 (M+H)+ and high peak intensity at 22V in SIR mode. The mass spectrum ratios of acrylamide for qualitative identification had m/z=72 in precursor ion and m/z=55 in products ion, respectively. Those ratios at 30V in SIR mode ranged from 1: 1.4 to 1:1.17 despite various acrylamide concentrations. The ion intensity ratios of acrylamide (m/z=72, [M+H]+) to acrylamide isotopes (m/z=73, [M+H]+) ranged from 100 : 3.57 to 100 : 3.92. The results verified theoretical mass spectrum ratio that was 100:3.82. The linearity of standard calibration curve was y = 520.584x + 1815.26 with r²=0.99. In quality assurance and quality control, the recovery rate ranged from 81.64 percent to 90.97 percent and relative standard deviation was less than 10% with 5 repeated injections at individual standard calibration solutions. The method was applied to analyze acrylamide in food at grocery stores. Snacks made of potatoes showed the highest acrylamide concentration followed by products made of French fries, wheat, and com.

음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인의 심리에 관한 연구 -배우자 상실을 경험한 여성 노인을 대상으로-

안지영 ( Ahn Jee Young ),조성자 ( Jo Sung Ja ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2021 사회복지경영연구 Vol.8 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 음악심리치료에 나타난 노인의 인생 회상과 상실 경험에 관한 심리적 특성을 현상학적 연구방법으로 밝히는 것이다. 연구 참여자들은 Y시의 R경로당과 S시의 C교회를 통해 자발적으로 참여에 동의한 배우자와 사별한 만 65세 이상의 여성 노인 10명이다. 본 연구는 총 8회기의 음악심리치료 프로그램을 진행하였으며, 자료 수집은 프로그램 8회기 과정과 심층 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 이 자료는 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구방법에 따라 분석하였고, 그 결과는 265 구성의미와 36개의 주제, 그리고 12개의 주제군이 도출되었다. 이 연구의 분석결과는 ‘음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인들의 회상 경험’과 ‘음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인들의 상실 경험’ 및 ‘음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인들의 정서 경험’으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 첫째, 음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인들의 회상 경험은 ‘어린 시절의 신세 한탄’과 ‘어린 시절의 회상’으로 나타났다. 둘째, 음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인들의 상실 경험은 ‘남편 생각’, ‘상실’, ‘사별 후 변화’, ‘삶의 처절함’, ‘외롭고 불안함’으로 나타났다. 셋째, 음악심리치료에서 나타난 노인들의 정서 경험은 ‘나이 들어감’, ‘신앙생활’, ‘삶의 태도’, ‘음악을 통한 기쁨’, ‘음악을 통한 감사와 자유로움’으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 음악심리치료를 통해 상실을 경험한 노인들의 심리를 보다 깊이 이해하기 위해 질적 연구방법인 현상학적 방법을 사용한 것에 의의가 있다. 둘째, 음악심리치료 방법을 사용한 인터뷰는 참여자의 심리적 방어를 극소화하며, 악기 연주와 가사토의, 즉흥연주 등의 방법을 통해 참여자가 다양한 방법으로 자신의 내면을 표현하고, 과거의 사건에 대해 객관적으로 바라볼 수 있도록 도움을 제공하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. 셋째, 본 연구는 상실을 경험한 노인들의 과거 어린 시절 회상에서부터 현재의 삶을 넘어 미래의 삶에 대한 태도까지 인생의 전반에 거쳐 통찰할 수 있도록 도움을 제공하였음에 의의가 있다. 넷째, 본 연구에서 나타난 상실을 경험한 노인들의 심리에 대한 추후 프로그램이나 심리, 상담적 접근에 기틀을 마련했다는 것에 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological characteristics of the elderly's life recall and loss experience in music psychotherapy as a phenomenological research method. The participants were 10 elderly people who experienced the loss of 65 years or older who voluntarily agreed to participate through the R-Christian Party in Y City and the C-Christian Church in S City. This study conducted a total of 8 sessions of music psychotherapy program, and collected data through the process of the pre-program and in-depth interviews. This data was analyzed according to Colaizzi's phenomenological research method, and the results were derived from 265 meanings, 36 themes, and 12 theme groups. The results of this study were divided into 'recalling experience of the elderly in music psychotherapy', 'loss experience of the elderly in music psychotherapy' and 'emotional experience of the elderly in music psychotherapy'. First, the recall experience of the elderly in music psychotherapy was 'the lament of childhood' and 'the recall of childhood'. Second, the experience of loss of the elderly in music psychotherapy was 'husband's thoughts', 'loss', 'change after death', 'depression of life', 'lonely and anxious'. Third, the emotional experiences of the elderly in music psychotherapy were 'ingraining old', 'belief life', 'life attitude', 'joy through music', 'appreciation and freedom through music'. The significance of this study is as follows. First, this study is meaningful in that it used phenomenological method, which is a qualitative research method, to understand the psychology of the elderly who experienced loss through music psychotherapy more deeply. Second, the interview using the music psychotherapy method minimizes the psychological defense of the participants, and it is meaningful that the participants expressed their inner side in various ways through musical instrument performance, housekeeping discussion, improvisation, etc., and provided help to look objectively at past events. Third, this study has great significance in that it provided help to the elderly who experienced loss to have insights through the whole life from the past childhood recollection to the attitude toward the future life beyond the present life. Fourth, it is meaningful that the elderly who experienced the loss in this study laid the foundation for future programs, psychological and counseling approaches.

한글서예학회 작가전

박정숙(Park Jung-Sook),유정숙(Yoo Jung-Sook),임영란(Im Young-Ran),정복동(Jeong Bok-Dong),조성자(Jo Sung-Ja),한태상(Han Tai-Song) 한글서예학회 2021 한글서예연구 Vol.- No.1

Montessori 아동 교육관에 있어서 자유개념에 관한 연구

조성자,김지원 한국아동교육학회 1993 아동교육 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine how the concept of freedom is grafted on the actual education of children by analyzing it as a basis of the education of M. Montessori, and by doing so, I intend to attempt the qualitative improvement in a process of modern education of children. So, I investigated the theoretical background and the view of education of children of M. Montessori. And in the education of Montessori, I studied the meaning of the concept of freedom. I also studied a relation between the concept of freedom and the religious education as an actual education and looked into a reciprocal relation between freedom and a prepared environment, a reciprocal action between it and a teacher's role. and I studied the examined the criticism on freedom. In the theoretical background of the educational thought of M. Montessori, I looked around the backgrounds of education and thought. In the educational background, she was influenced by hard and Seguin, educationalists for the handicapped. In the background of thought, he shows the thought which centers on children and considers their autonomy and personality valuable, for she was influenced by the former ages succeeded from Comenius, Rousseau to Pestalozzi, Frobel and also by the New Education Movement of Redie, Demolins, Lietz, Dewey, Ellen Key who were the contemporary educational currents. In the view of education of children of M. Montessori, I investigated centrally human, nature, and God. As a view point which the view of nature sees a nature as freedom, I was able to find that the subjective nature and the objective one are unified, His view of human is the unitary and the standpoint which regards a child as a good and positive being. I recognized the fact that the view of God was to try to find God's appearance by developing the human's original nature, for sacredness was in a man's inside. If, in the educational principle of Montessori as a self-activity, it provided an object for children's stage of sensitivity through observing their activity, I could know that they made a self- education as a concentrative state of their work and came to obtain a normalization. Also I could recognize that the object of Montessori was to be devised to be able to give an auto-education which made children recognize and correct of their work for themselves. In the concept of freedom of M. Montessori, I studied its meaning. I analyzed that the concept of freedom about a spontaneous realization of the original nature of children, as its meaning, must allow them to express their original nature spontaneously, and that of freedom to be set free an outside restriction must constitute the environment for free expression and activity of their original nature, and it, as an order and a rule is the one that children control themselves and don't interfere with other's activities. For Montessori put the base of education of children on the religious education, she studied the meaning of concept of freedom grafted on it as a practical one. Also, she looked into about the reciprocal relation between freedom and a prepared environment, the reciprocal action between it and a teacher's role. Montessori gave the religious education through the catholic ritual, her religion. The cultivative activity of nature through it as a process of the religious education of M. Montessori was an activity that recognized mystery of life and formed itself, which related to it as a original nature of child that a child developed her inner vitality. And the activity through an object for the ritual was to provide the environment which children would use it freely and to relate to the concept of freedom to be set free an outside restriction. Also, the educational process through a meditation and a prayer, as the ritual activity, makes children learn their patience and self- controled their activity and didn't obstruct others' one. therefore I came to understand that the concept of freedom acted as a basic principle in the religious education. In the reciprocal relation between freedom and a prepared environment, I examined about construction elements for a conceptual meaning of a prepared environment and it. therefore, I could find that the prepared environment meant a house of children which she prepared a good circumstance to secure children's own activitys, and an object of M. Montessori. The constructional elements for it must be a place for independence and growth, a place for protecting children, a place or an object possible to be active, a beautiful environment and object, and an environment in which there is in an order. As a result that I studied the reciprocal action between freedom and a teacher's role, I could recognize that her role was the passive one which mediated children to express their own original nature, and to observe patiently to provide the proper environment for their stage of sensitivity. I studied and devided the critical problems on freedom of Montessori into the negative side and the affirmative one, centering on what derived from the reciprocal action among a child, an environment, an object, and a teacher. As a result, I was able to know that it was seen as the negative side on the method operating an object and child's nature of society, and as the affirmative side that it admitted a child's nature of positivety and applied it to education practically. As mentioned above, I examined only in part on the educational thought of children of M. Montessori. In conclusion, I think that the education of Montessori in Korea is active in the method of education or the use of an object, but, for it's insufficient in parts of theory and practical application, needs more diversified studies. At the same time, I see that they need improving, supplementing and naturalizing to be used at the education of children in Korea.

「 인간 교육 」중심으로 살펴 본 FROBEL 의 아동교육론

조성자,정인숙 한국아동교육학회 1993 아동교육 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze Frobel's main work Die Menschenrziehung, to review the idea of Child Education involved in the work. Frobel was influenced by Die Menschenrziehung, which belonged to Deutsch romanticism and the passive way of education that claimed man is essentially good therefore all the aptitudes should be developed harmoniously. From the view point of educational history, he was affected by Commenius, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, accepting all their backgrounds, adding his own experiences and forming his own idea. As the basis of Frobel's educational idea, God, nature and humanbeing can be cited. Frobel's God is based on the idea that God "moves on its own accord, incessantly creating for himself and acts, through which He moves everything". That is God ultimately unified with creative power tantamount to the cosmic spirit. Again, Frobel's nature can be said God's plateau with His spirit, which is a nature as a source of man's intrinsic power : it is a nature which is active and creative as an organic being. Since Frobel viewed that man is governed by God, he saw that mari s original nature is good and that man alone can control things of God. In the theory of Child Educaton revealed in Frobel's Die Menschenrziehung in the light of the above background, he saw the unlimited potential as sacrosanct by claiming as the purpose of education "From birth, man is possessed of an unlimited potedtial endowed by God." Defining that as man's original nature, he said demonstration of the divine nature which is man's original nature is the purpose of education, Thus, as the principle of Die Menschenrziehung for reaching the goal of education he adopted as basis the principle of unity which maintains all things are governed unified by God, he insisted on the the principle of one's own creative activity so that the child can materialize the divine nature. In addition, he also claimed that the child is a being with developmental potential, unceasingly growing : therefore, man who is originated from systematic developmental principl as perpetual living being wants to express through action since birth. With all these as a basis, Frobel cited as a suggestion of what to teach religion, nature and mathematics, language and arts. Especially in childhood peculiar notice was paid to as a period of establishing self, and dealt each as religion is the essence of the spirit, nature and mathematics is for recognizing all beings and arts for expressions including the language is an intermediary for those. On such Ideological background for Die Menschenrziehung, as to the actual application of Frobel's idea of the child education to reality this study was directed through games which are the whole of a child's life, by going through creative self activity called on by hims and practical side of games in an attempt to help the child achieve creative self activity existing within the child. For teaching material in the classroom, Frobel devised things and work with deep significance and value for a practical way to carry out creative self activity along with religious education, a basis and essence for child education. For reference to the importance of home education and mother education, he published "Mother's Song and Song of Caressing", corroborating his theory concerning songs and motional activities ; for outdoors activity, he cited the following as important : teach so as to the child familiarize himself with Nature ; to consider the surrounding nature as belong to oneself : and to infiltrate into oneself and place above oneself the God's spirit existing in nature. Thus Frobel's idea studied with its center on Die Menschenrziehung can be found to gave made great contribution not only to the current indergarten education but is influencing all phases of human education. Also the following points are found to hold great significance in the current child education to develop the theory on creative self activity cherish the values of games and work : to emphasize the nature of the child toward society within the two above. Accordingly, though we are not in the position to accept as they are the faith and praction originated in the age of Frobel, faced with the reality of the current society which has lost humanity and the way of educating a man to become functional and used as a means, we admit that Frobel's idea holds a great deal of educational significance. Finally, I hope a great number of scientific stufies on Child will be carried out for further development of Child Education in our country.