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OSEK/VDX 기반 차량용 RTOS의 구현과 성능 테스트
조성래,김병준,진성호,이준호,Cho, Sung-Rae,Kim, Byung-Joon,Jin, Sung-Ho,Lee, Jun-Ho 대한임베디드공학회 2011 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.6 No.3
As the architecture of automotive software is complicated and LOC of software increases, there is an increasing demand for standard operating system. OSEK/VDX defines an industry standard for automotive operating system and middleware. This paper introduces an implementation of RTOS(OSCAR-OSEK) based on OSEK/VDX standard. For better speed of scheduling, we suggest a new method for ready queue implementation considering the characteristic of automotive application software. Also we introduce a method for improving the portability of RTOS on various MCUs. And, we show OSCAR-OSEK implementation and performance test results.
조성래,조광현,정황규,Cho, Sung-Rae,Jo, Gwang-Hyeon,Jeong, Hwang-Gyu 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1977 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.10 No.2
A clinical analysis was performed on 383 cases of chest injurjes experienced at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 21 year period from 1957 to 1977. Of 383 patients of chest injuries, 209 cases were result from nonpenetrating injuries whereas 175 were from penetrating injuries, and there were 258 cases of hemothorax or/and pneumothorax, 162 of rib fracture, 33 of foreign body, 26 of clavicle fracture, 26 of lung contusion, 17 of diaphragmatic laceration, 14 of hemopericardium, 14 of flail chest and others. Stab wound was the most common in penetrating injuries and followed by gunshot and shell fragments. The majority of nonpenetrating chest injury patients were traffic accident victims. and fails accounted for the next largest group of accidents. Chest injuries were frequently encountered in the age group between 16 and 50 years, and 321 patients were male comparing to 62 of female. In blunt chest injuries the patients with five or more rib fractures had a 85 per cent incidence-of intrathoracic injury and 19 per cent had an intraabdominal organ damage, whereas those with four or less rib fractures had a 69 per cent and a 6 per cent incidence respectively. The principal associated injuries were cerebral contusion on 19 cases, renal contusion on 10, liver laceration on 7, peripheral vessel laceration on 5, spleen laceration on 3 and extremity fracture on 18 patients. The principles of therapy for early complications of chest trauma were rapid reexpansion of the lungs by thoracentesis [46 cases] and closed thoracotomy [125 cases] but open thoracotomy .had to be done on 90 cases [23-5%] because of massive bleeding or intrapleural hematoma, foreign body, cardiac injury, diaphragmatic laceration and bronchial rupture. The over all mortality was 2.87 per cent [11 among 383 cases], 8 cases were from penetrating injuries and 3 from nonpenetrating injuries.
조성래(Sung Rae Cho),박경아(Kyung Ah Park),여준기(Joon Kee Yoe),박정모(Chung Mo Park),박근용(Geun Young Park),이인규(In Gyu Lee),허정욱(Jeong Wook Hur),안성훈(Sung Hoon Ahn),박승국(Soong Kook Park) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.6
Objectives: Patients with chronic liver disease are at increased risk to develop metabolic bone disease. Although the etiology of the osteopathy in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis has not been defined, vitamin D deficiency and calcium malabsorption have been suggested as possible pathogenetic factors. In Korea, Patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B are numerous, however, data on the prevalence and severity of osteopenia in these patient are rare. This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of osteopenia and to examine its severity in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis. Methods: Thirty four patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis and thirty controls matched in age and sex were included in this study group. To obtain bone mineral density of lumbar spines in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis and control groups, measurements and comparisons of following tests were performed: Dual energy xray absorptimetry, serum calcium, serum osteocalcin, and serum 25 (OH) vitamin D. In addition, initial morning urine sample was collected to measure pyridinoline crosslinks. Results: 1) The average bone density of lumbar spines was 1.03±0.03 gm/cm² in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis group and 1.15±0.02 gm/cm² in normal controls (p<0.01). 2) The prevalence of osteopenia in the lumbar spine was 50% in postnecrotic cirrhotics compaired to 13% in controls. 3) The levels of serum calcium, 25 (OH) vitamin D and serum osteocalcin were 2.12±0.04 mmol/L, 7.38±1.00 ng/ml and 1.92±0.18 ng/ml in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis, 2.54±0.05 mmol/L and 21.68±1.90 ng/ml and 3.31±0.31 ng/ml in control group (p<0.05). 4) The levels of urinary pyridinoline crosslinks in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis and control were 82.87±7.50 nM/mM and 43.48±3.52 nM/mM, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the incidence of lumbar osteopenia is more common in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis patients. In addition, its pathogenesis is related to vitamin D deficiency, decreased osteoblastic activity, and increased osteoclastic activity. Further studies including several hormones and histopathology of bones are needed to clearly define the mechanisms of osteopenia in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis.