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The Competition Model Approach to the First Language Acquisition in a SOV language
조동인 한국현대언어학회 2006 언어연구 Vol.22 No.2
In this paper, we, based on the competition model, investigate the development of perceptual strategy of Korean children in sentence comprehension. Competition model is a functional approach which is based on the idea that some information has a lower cue cost. This model basically deals with L1 and L2 acquisition, normal language processing, comprehension, and patterns of breakdown. Bates and MacWhinney (1982) and MacWhinney (1994, 2002, 2004a, 2004b) claim that early divergences between children exposed to different language structures are directly predicted by this functionalist approach to grammatical development. The present study places two major cue types into competition. These cues are word order and case marking of subject and object. We would expect that the extent to which a given cue is used in Korean should be a direct reflection of its availability and reliability. To derive predictions for the use of these cue types developmentally in the current experiment, we need to turn now to a detailed analysis of the use of these two cue types in this language.
Figurative Approach to the Road Represented in Henry James’s The American and The Portrait of a Lady
조동인 미국소설학회 2011 미국소설 Vol.18 No.3
Henry James used the motif of the road as an apt expression on characters’ development, plots’ expansion, and imagery in his two novels. His novels displayed the road of the spirit at its most interior. He explored two individuals in his two works, seldom deviating from the straight road which led his characters to the self-knowledge necessary to attaining completeness. In The American, Newman has gained an expanded self-awareness in his exposure to the European culture, and this expansion opened his consciousness to the spiritual road which lie before him. In The Portrait of a Lady, Isabel Archer has achieved the totality of her own existence because of the road which she chose. Through situation of suffocation she chose, she comes to have the internal maturation which is able to assume the road of her life under her own direction.
The Double Consciousness in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby
조동인 미국소설학회 2012 미국소설 Vol.19 No.1
This study explores the double consciousness represented in the two novels, Richard Wright’s Native Son and Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby. By the works, the writers understood education in North America as part of the project of capitalism, perpetuating the class structure necessary to maintain it. With the help of their novels, they deeply explores American educational frameworks and characters’ double consciousness caused by the absurd system of education. In order to achieve emancipation education within the context of vast diversity and individual potentialities, the writers strongly claim and ask as follows. What do we mean when we say “democracy”? If a democracy is to be inclusive of all the voices in its realm, do our schools support this? How can we emancipate ourselves from our history of not making good on the promise of equality and freedom for all people? As an alternative for democratic education, they strongly suggest that we should develop empathy and a political commitment to overcome the double consciousness which means not only a split between irreconcilable national and cultural identities, but also a split between the mind and the body. Emancipation education for overcoming the double-consciousness is rigorous. It needs to acknowledge multiple meanings. However, having one answer and one interpretation shuts too many people out. If we teach empathy, the critical and moral imagination can transform identity.
조동인,안희창,김정태,이세환 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2006 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.7 No.2
From 1996 to 2003, we reviewed 16 enophthalmos cases including 7 males(age 25 to 72 years) and 9 females (age 24 to 32 years) who have been treated in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guri and Seoul Hospital Hanyang Medical Center. We categorized the pattern of the facial bone fracture corresponding intra- orbital lesions and the operative methods(approaches and implant positioning) according to each lesions in the orbit. In preoperative and postoperative axial CT view, we measured the amount of exophthalmos at the orbital apex level. The most severe enophthalmos was observed in inferior and lateral wall defect and the differences between both globes was 5mm in CT measurement. In CT measurement, the most improved lesion was medial wall(3mm protrusion) and secondary most improved lesion was 4-wall-combined orbital lesion(2.7mm protrusion). In the other cases showed less 2mm differences in CT measurement except inferior and lateral wall lesion which showed 2.5mm difference. When the implant was located posterior to the mid-coronal line of globe, the mean improvement (2.16mm) was higher than other cases(1.7 mm).
The Effects of Intervening Narrators Represented in William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!
조동인 21세기영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학21 Vol.25 No.1
Faulkner's narrators occupy an unusual place in Absalom, Absalom! They perform at once the obvious function of relating the events of the story and the less obvious function of shaping the reader's perception of that story through their own participation in, and conception of, events. Particularly, the narrative technique in Absalom, Absalom! furthers a sense of inevitability within the novel by using as narrators people who were removed from the events they describe either by time or distance or both, and by allowing those narrators to deliver their information as a jumbled mass of interconnected, but not clearly linear, events. We must examine our response to the novel in terms of the ways in which we are drawn into the narrative. The narrative technique at work in Absalom, Absalom! which serves to draw us into the novel also serves to ally us with the narrators, particularly Quentin.