급성 충수염의 진단에 있어서 경혈 압통 측정의 유용성

조근호,유송희,김범택,심재용,이덕철,이혜리 대한가정의학회 1996 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.17 No.2

CNTFET 기반 회로 설계를 위한 공정 편차 분석에 관한 연구

조근호 한국전기전자학회 2018 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.22 No.1

차세대 반도체로 각광받고 있는 CNTFET은 기존 MOSFET의 Source와 Drain 사이에 CNT를 배치하여 그 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 구조를 가지고 있으나, 다양한 CNT 배치로 인한 CNTFET의 구조적 변화는 소자 성능에 대한 해석의 복잡도를 증가시켜, 공정 편차가 반도체 소자 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 할 때, 기존의 MOSFET에 비해 보다 많은 계산을 요구하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점은 공정편차 분석에 필요한 시뮬레이션 시간을 급격하게 증가시키고 기존 툴(tool)로 분석할 수 없는 경우를 포함하고 있어 CNTFET으로 회로를 디자인 하는데 중요한 걸림돌로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션의 급격한 증가를 해결하기 위한 방법으로서 기존 Linear Programming이 활용될 수 있음을 보이고 그 효과에 대해 자세히 논의하고자 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 CNT 최대 배치 수가 6에서 12까지 증가할 때, Linear Programming 방법은 시뮬레이션 횟수를 약 2.5배 감소시킬 수 있음을 보이고 있다. The CNTFET, which is widely recognized as a next-generation semiconductor, has a structure that can improve performance by positioning CNTs between the source and drain of a conventional MOSFET. However, positioning CNTs increases the complexity of a CNTFET’s structure, and the process variation changes the complex structure into various shapes; so, when CNTFET device performance is analyzed, it requires more computation than that of a conventional MOSFET. These problems greatly increase the simulation time necessary for the analysis, and sometimes that analysis cannot be performed using an existing tool; they are therefore important obstacles to designing a circuit using a CNTFET. In this study, we will show that the existing Linear Programming methodology can be utilized to solve the long simulation time problem and discuss the effect of the suggested method in detail. Simulation results show that the Linear Programming method can reduce the number of simulation about 2.5 times when the maximum number of CNT is changed from 6 to 12.

근접이웃 군집의 밀도추정을 통한 순차데이터 군집화

조근호,허선 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

탄소나노튜브 기반 트랜지스터의 응용과 현황에 관한 연구

조근호 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.11

탄소나노튜브 트랜지스터는 기존 실리콘 기반 트랜지스터의 한계로 받아들여지고 있는 5 nm보다 작은 크기로 반도체 소자의 소스와 드레인 사이를 만들 수 있어, 기존 반도체 소자보다 향상된 성능을 가진 반도체 소자를 기존 반도체 소자가 필요로 했던 면적보다 좁은 면적에 구현할 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이는 가까운 미래에 기존 실리콘 기반 트랜지스터로 구성된 반도체 칩보다 빠르고 다양한 기능을 수행할 수 있는 탄소나노튜브 트랜지스터 기반 반도체 칩이 나올 수 있음을 의미한다. 이와 더불어, 탄소나노튜브 트랜지스터를 구성하는 탄소나노튜브의 기계적인 유연성과 친환경성은 기존 반도체 소자를 직접 적용하기 어려웠던 사물에 회로를 구현할 수 있도록 하여, 다양한 주변 사물로부터 광범위한 정보를 수집하고 처리해야하는 IoT 시대를 좀 더 적극적으로 대응하는데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 연구된 탄소나노튜브 기반 트랜지스터의 응용과 현황을 종합하고 분석하여 탄소나노튜브 트랜지스터의 다양한 가능성을 살펴보고자 한다. Carbon nanotube transistors can be made between source and drain of a semiconductor device with a size smaller than 5 nm, which is accepted as a limitation of the conventional silicon-based transistors. It is expected that the carbon naotube based device having improved performance than that of a conventional semiconductor device can be implemented in a smaller area than that required by the conventional semiconductor device. This means that, in the near future, carbon nanotube transistor-based semiconductor chips that can perform a variety of functions faster than conventional semiconductor chips composed of silicon-based transistors may be available. In addition, the mechanical flexibility and eco-friendly nature of the carbon nanotubes that make up the carbon nanotube transistors make it possible to implement circuits on various objects that have been difficult to directly apply to existing semiconductor devices, it is expected to be of great help in responding more actively to the era of IoT which must collect and process a wide range of information from various surrounding objects. In this paper, we examine the various possibilities of carbon nanotube transistors by collecting and analyzing the applications and current status of recently studied carbon nanotube-based transistors.

중독성 질환으로서의 흡연

조근호,김대진 대한신경정신의학회 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.4

Nicotine is the major substance that accounts for the addictive nature of smoking. Nicotine induces neurobiological and behavioral responses through diverse neurochemical mechanisms over the central nervous system. The brain reward system, particularly the dopaminergic pathway from the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, is central to understanding the behavioral reinforcement underlying substance addictions such as the addiction to nicotine. Nicotine acts as an agonist provoking activation or desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different brain areas including the brain reward system. Nicotine also indirectly influences the glutaminergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission that lead ultimately to activation of the dopaminergic pathway in the brain reward system. Chronic exposure to nicotine activates neuroadaptation and associative learning with the nicotine-related stimulus through dopaminergic or cholinergic systems, which can lead to nicotine dependence or withdrawal. In sum, the neurobiological processes described above are deeply involved in the basis of nicotine dependence and underlie the frequent failure of attempts to quit smoking. In this review we discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine addiction focusing on the roles of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Nicotine is the major substance that accounts for the addictive nature of smoking. Nicotine induces neurobiological and behavioral responses through diverse neurochemical mechanisms over the central nervous system. The brain reward system, particularly the dopaminergic pathway from the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, is central to understanding the behavioral reinforcement underlying substance addictions such as the addiction to nicotine. Nicotine acts as an agonist provoking activation or desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different brain areas including the brain reward system. Nicotine also indirectly influences the glutaminergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission that lead ultimately to activation of the dopaminergic pathway in the brain reward system. Chronic exposure to nicotine activates neuroadaptation and associative learning with the nicotine-related stimulus through dopaminergic or cholinergic systems, which can lead to nicotine dependence or withdrawal. In sum, the neurobiological processes described above are deeply involved in the basis of nicotine dependence and underlie the frequent failure of attempts to quit smoking. In this review we discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine addiction focusing on the roles of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Effect of Quick Dip in High Concentrations of Auxin on the Rooting of Ivory Halo Dogwood (Cornus alba ‘Bailhalo’) and Purple-leaf Sand Cherry (Prunus x cistena)

조근호,소인섭,이치원,Dale E. Herman 한국화훼학회 2004 화훼연구 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 NAA와 IBA고농도용액의 순간침치처리가 dogwood (Cornus alba 'Bailhalo)와 cherry (Prunus x cistena)의 삽목발근에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. NAA와 IBA는 95%의 에틸알콜에 용해되었으며 실험에 이용된 농도는 각각 250, 500, 1000, 3000, 6000, 그리고 9000 ppm이었다. 대조구로는 무처리구와 함께 rootone (NAA 0.8%분말)과 95% 에틸알콜이 시험되었다. 삽수들은 각 처리별로 1초간 침적처리후 바로 발근배지 (Oasis root block)에 꽃아졌고 모든 삽수들은 미스트실로 ?グ保낫?. NAA 250 ppm처리만이 dogwood와 cherry에서 각각 72.7%의 발근률을 보였을 뿐 다른 농도에서 대조구에 비해 발근을 촉진시키지 못했다. IBA처리구에서는 NAA처리구보다 매우 높은 발근률을 나타내었는데, 특히 500, 1000, 3000 ppm처리구에서는 90% 이상의 삽수들이 발근하였으며 삽수당 각각 15-17개의 부정근이 발생하였다. 거의 모든 삽수들의 뿌리들이 강건하게 발달됨을 육안으로 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 6000 ppm과 9000 ppm의 최고농도에서는 IBA 용액도 발근을 촉진하지는 못했다. 에틸알콜(95%)에 용해된 고농도의 IBA용액은 삽수의 발근촉진은 물론 각종 감영원으로부터 삽수를 보호하는 역할도 함께 하는 것으로 보여졌다. This study was carried out to determine the influence of NAA and IBA on root induction in ivory halo dogwood (Cornus alba Baihalo') and purple-leaf sand cherry (Prunus xcistena). The rooting hormones were solved in 95% ethyl alcohol in concentrations of 250, 500, 1000, 3000, 6000 or 9000 ppm. After dipping in the solutions for a second, the cuttings were inserted into rooting medium. Rootone (talc, 0.8% NAA) and alcohol treatment did not make statistically significant increases in percent rooting. When the dogwood and cherry cuttings were treated with NAA, the increasing concentration of NAA was not good for rooting. NAA solution treatment never enhanced percent rooting of dogwood except that of 250 ppm (72.7 % in dogwood and cherry) in this experiment. IBA solution treatment effectively increased the percent rooting and RRC of both species. Especially 90% of dogwood cuttings rooted with 15-17 roots per rooted cutting when applied to 500, 1000 or 3000 ppm IBA. Vigorous root growth was observed in the cuttings treated with IBA solution. The high concentrations (6000 and 9000 ppm) of IBA did not initiate rooting. The combination of NAA and IBA showed extremely negative effect on rooting.

3G/WLAN/휴대인터넷 연동상황을 고려한 사용자의 최적 무선접속서비스 선택방법에 대한 연구

조근호,최진우,전성익,김영세 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.5

당뇨 유발 동물 모델에서 Leptin, Adiponectin, Adiponectin 수용체 mRNA 발현에 대한 항우울제의 영향

조근호,이희진,김대진,이영식,기백석 대한신경정신의학회 2010 신경정신의학 Vol.49 No.2

Objectives: Weight gain and glucose intolerance are the most common symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Certain patients complain of weight-change and hyperglycemia after receiving antidepressants. Our study evaluated the effects of antidepressants on serum glucose and energy metabolism. Methods: Subjects were 32 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and 35 wild-type Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. From age 11 weeks, the rats were divided into 4subgroups within each strain. We administered the designated antidepressant-amitriptyline,fluoxetine, or mirtazapine-to these subgroups, allocating the fourth as the control. After exactly 4 weeks’ medication, we sacrificed the animals and checked their weight, glucose, insulin,leptin, adiponectin, and expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA. Results: Fluoxetine subgroups in both strains gained the least weight. The glucose, triglyceride,and cholesterol levels of all OLETF antidepressant subgroups did not differ from the controls. Adiponectins in amitriptyline- and mirtazapine-subgroups were higher than control. All antidepressant subgroups showed elevated expressions of adiponectin receptor mRNA in fat,muscle, and the pancreas. Conclusion: Amitriptyline and mirtazapine seem to regulate adiponectin and expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA. Even though the underlying mechanisms were different, we conclude none of the antidepressants would have negative influences on energy metabolism in diabetogenic animals.

동아시아 4개국의 비자의 입원 관련 정신보건법 비교

조근호,장미 대한신경정신의학회 2019 신경정신의학 Vol.58 No.4

Objectives The aim of this study was to explore trends associated with the amendment of The Mental Health Welfare Act by comparing involuntary admission processes in Asian countries. Methods We obtained copies of the Mental Health Acts for four East Asian countries – Korea, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan (China). We then analyzed the contents of the acts including their definitions of mentally ill patients, the types of hospitalization, and the procedures for involuntary admission. Results The Japanese provision for involuntary admission was the prototype used for the Korean system prior to the total revision of the Korean system in 2016. Regardless, Korea and Japan still regard family members as pivotal in deciding on involuntary admission. Taiwan and Singapore acts are characterized by the involvement of government or government-designated medical practitioners, not caregivers, in the hospitalization process. In Taiwan, involuntary admission is decided by a judgment of a review committee and is a task of the government. In Singapore, the opinions of experts are considered when making the initial decision on involuntary hospitalization, whereas a judicial decision is essential for extension of that hospitalization. Conclusion Despite cultural and historical similarities, the systems of involuntary admission were considerably different across the countries. We observed a reduction in the role of family guardians and an increase in the use of more objective screening processes. All four countries were in the process of applying those recommendations from international organizations that were in accordance with their society/culture. There may be a need to partially amend The Mental Health Welfare Act in Korea in order to protect the human rights of psychiatric patients while maintaining a stable therapeutic environment.

탄소나노튜브 방향성 수축 전송 방법이 CNTFET 기반 회로 성능에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조근호,Cho, Geunho 국제문화기술진흥원 2018 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.4 No.3

차세대 반도체 소자로 관심을 받고 있는 CNTFET은 소자의 소스와 드레인 사이에 CNT를 배치시켜, 기존 MOSFET보다 작은 전압으로 전자의 ballstic 혹은 near-ballastic 이동을 가능하게 만든 반도체 소자이다. CNTFET의 성능을 높이기 위해서는 많은 수의 CNT를 CNTFET 안에 높은 밀도로 배치해야 하기 때문에 CNT의 밀도를 증가시키기 위한 다양한 공정들이 개발되고 있다. 최근, 방향성 수축 전송 방법이 개발되어 CNTFET의 전류 밀도를 150uA/um까지 향상시켜줄 수 있음을 보이고 있어, CNTFET 기반 집적회로의 구현 가능성을 높이고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 방향성 수축 전송 방법으로 CNTFET 소자를 만들 경우, CNTFET 회로의 성능이 기존 MOSFET의 성능에 비해 얼마나 향상시킬 수 있는지 그 성능을 평가할 수 있는 방안을 논의하고자 한다. The CNTFET, which is attracting attention as a next-generation semiconductor device, can obtain ballistic or near-ballistic transport at a lower voltage than that of conventional MOSFETs by depositing CNTs between the source and drain of the device. In order to increase the performance of the CNTFET, a large number of CNTs must be deposited at a high density in the CNTFET. Thus, various manufacturing processes to increase the density of the CNTs have been developed. Recently, the Directional Shrinking Transfer Method was developed and showed that the current density of the CNTFET device could be increased up to 150 uA/um. So, this method enhances the possibility of implementing a CNTFET-based integrated circuit. In this paper, we will discuss how to evaluate the performance of the CNTFET device compared to a MOSFET at the circuit level when the CNTFET is fabricated by the Directional Shrinkage Transfer Method.