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조관수 대한영상의학회 1996 대한영상의학회지 Vol.35 No.2
Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness of arterial embolization in reducing hemoptysis in pulmonarytuberculosis, and rebleeding factors after embolization. Materials and Methods : Fifty-nine patients with massiveor recurrent hemoptysis from pulmonary tuberculosis were underwent percutaneous transcatheter embolotherapy andthirteen were subsequentyly operated on. In 46 patients, we retrospectively analyzed on plain chest PA the extentof pulmonary tuberculosis lesions, the period from initial diagnosis to embolization, and angiographic findings.the extent of lesions shown on plain chest PA were classified into minimal, moderately advanced, and far advanced.If there was no evidence of rebleeding after the first embolization, this was regarded as initial success in thecontrol of hemoptysis. Angiographic findings were classified into hypervascularity, shunt, aneurysmal dilatation,and extravasation. Using the chi-square test, differences in these findings between rebleeding and non-rebleedingcases were analysed. Results : Immediate control of hemoptysis was achieved in 27 (58.7%) of 46 patients.Hemoptysis recurred in 19 (41.3%) of 46 patients followed up. Rebleeding cases showed more nonbronchial systemiccollateral vessels and shunt than non-rebleeding cases (p<0.05). More advanced lesions of pulmonary tuberculosison plain chest PA showed an increased rebleeding rate after embolization, but this was not statisticallysignificant There was no correlation between the period from initial diabnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis toembolization and the rate of rebleeding. But the longer the period, the greater the number of nonbronchialsystemic collateral vessels. Conclusion : In cases with more advanced lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis on plainchest PA and a long period from initial diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis to embolization, angiographic findingsshowed numerous nonbronchial systemic collateral vessels but increases in the rebleeding rate were statisticallynot significant. The greater the number of nonbronchial systemic collateral vessels and shunt, the higher therebleeding rate after embolization.
小賣構造의 發展動向과 流通革新 : 割引店의 發展을 中心으로
趙寬洙 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1997 韓國經濟 Vol.24 No.-
One of this recent developments in retail industry is the rapid growth of discount stores and widespread of price competition. Beginning from E-Mart established in late 1994, the number of large scale discount stores reached to over 40 by the end of 1996, and the growth has been even more accelerated thereafter. The development of retail industry in Korea hs been characterized by the growth of supermarket in 1970's, department store in 1980's, and convenience store in 1990's. But the growth of large scale retailers for mass consumption products, such GMS or general merchandise discount store, have been lagged far behind compared to the United States or Japan. If Discount store continues to grow fast and eventually become a major channel for mass products, its impact on retail industry and distribution structure would be great. First, manufactures will gradually loose the control over price, and retailers will exercise more and more power over price decision. Severe price competition among discount stores and among different types of retailers will result in overall price reduction in the market. Second, retailers will be forced to cut down purchase price and expenses to realize low price. This will bring overall innovation in operation practices of retail firms to achieve higher efficiency an low cost operation. Third, the growth of large scale retailers will bring change in distribution structure. Manufacturer's control over channel will be weaken while retailer dominant channel will grow. Intertype competition among retailers will result in withdrawal of small and medium sized independent stores from the market and eventually reduce the number of retail outlets. Distribution channel become shorter, and the size of wholesale market will shrink. This will cause the elimination of some wholesale outlets reducing the total number of wholesalers. Besides, cooperation, merger, and integration among retail and wholesale establishments become more common in distribution industry. Although it is not easy to predict how far discount store will continue to grow, it is certain that its growth will bring substantial innovation in retail operation and change in distribution structure.
일본뇌염의 역학적 조사연구 I. 돼지에 있어서 일본뇌염의 항체조사와 유사산 피해조사
조관수,권경만,김용희,Cho, K.S.,Kwon, K.M.,Kim, Y.H. 대한수의학회 1970 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.10 No.2
Studies were conducted on the survey of HI antibody abortion and stillbirth from J.E. virus in swine for 1968-1969 in Korea HI antibody against J.E. virus showed postive in June or July and reached 80~100 percent of postive in August or September and J.E. virus strains were isolated from the brain material of the aborted piglets.