진공증착법에 의한 산화철박막의 제조 및 전기적특성

조경형,오재희 한국세라믹학회 1985 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The hematite the magetite and the maghemite thin film were prepared by oxidation and reductino of the vaccum-evaporated iron thin film. Interre;atoms between film preparation process and the electrical properties were investigated. At room temperature the electrical conductivity of the iron the hematite the magnetite and the maghemite thin film were $1{\times}10^4\Omega^{-1}cm^{-1}$, 2{\times}10^{-5}\Omega^{-1}cm^{-1}$, $3{\times}10^{-5}\Omega^{-1}cm^{-1}$, and $4{\times}10^{-5}\Omega^{-1}cm^{-1}$, resp-ectively. The surface of each thin film was dense and homogeneous. At the temperature that the iron thin film was converted into the hematite thin film the electrical conductivity decreased rapidly and the electrical con-ductivity of the hematite thin film increased as temperature increased. The hematite thin film was reduced to the magnetite thin film in H2 atmosphere. The electrical conductivity decreased rapidly at the temperature that the maghemite thin film is formed by oxidation of the magnetite thin film and the electrical conductivity of the maghemite thin film increased as temperature increased.

만성정신분열증의 정량화 뇌파검사 소견

지재현,설현욱,조경형 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 만성 정신분열증 환자 30명과 정상대조군 21명의 뇌파 중 델타파와 쎄타파를 분석해 봄으로써 만성 정신분열증 환자의 국소뇌파 소견과 유병기간, 약물투여량 및 투여기간, 양성증상과 음성증상에 따른 뇌파소견을 보고자하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 만성 정신분열증 환자와 정상대조군간에 델타파와 쎄타파의 국소뇌파량을 t 검증한 결과 델타파에는 유의한 차이가 없으나, 쎄타파는 전 부위에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 만성정신분열증 환자의 델타파 및 쎄타파는 유병기간에 따른 유의한 차이가 없고, 투약기간이 길어질수록 F7, T3, C3, C4의 델타가 감소하는 경향을 보이고, 항정신병약물 투여량이 많을수록 P3, P4, C4, T5, T6, O1, O2의 쎄타가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 셋째, 양성증상의 유무에 따라 Fp2의 델타에 유의한 차이를 보이고, 음성증상의 유무에 따라서는 Fp2, T3, C3, P3, O1의 델타에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 판별분석을 시행한 결과 qEEG의 델타파와 쎄타파의 국소 뇌파량만으로 만성정신분열증 환자 30명중 29명을 (96.7%) 만성 정신분열증으로 판별할 수 있었다. 이상에서 만성정신분열병 환자의 서파가 정상대조군과는 유의한 차이를 보이며 유병기간에 따른 차이는 없으나 투약기간과 투여량에 따른 차이를 보이고 음성 증상을 가진 환자에서 좌측 대뇌반구의 기능저하를 추측케한다. Electroencephalographic recordings in 30 medicated patients fulfilling the DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria for chronic schizophrenia and 21 normal healthy controls was studied, using computerized electroencephalography. The delta activity and theta activity were compared between the patients and the normal healthy controls, then the differences in delta activity and theta activity of the patients were analyzed according to duration of illness, duration of medication, dosage of medication, and the presence of positive and negative symptoms. In the comparison study of chronic schizophrenic patients and the normal healthy controls, the theta activity showed a significant difference in all regions, and a significant difference in abnormal electroencephalographic activity appearance rate. In the analysis of the delta and theta activities of the chronic schizophrenic patients, duration of illness had no significant influence, the delta activity in F7, T4, C3, and C4 regions showed a tendency to decrease as duration of medication increased, the theta activity in P3, P4, C4, T5, T6, O1, O2 regions showed a tendency to increased with the increment of dosage of neuroleptics. The delta activity in Fp2, T3, C3, P3, O1 regions showed a significant difference between those patients with and without negative symptoms. In summary, the theta activity of the chronic schizophrenic patients showed a significant difference in comparison with that of the normal controls. In chronic schizophrenic patients, no difference in electroencephalograph was apparent regarding the duration of illness, but significant differences were shown when analyzed regarding the duration and dosage of medication. According to the results of this study, dysfunction of left cerebral hemisphere could be presumed to be present in patients with negative symptoms.

입원중 정신과에 자문 의뢰된 노인 환자에 대한 고찰

조경형,조맹제 大韓神經精神醫學會 1990 신경정신의학 Vol.29 No.5

Through the review of charts and consultation papers of patients who were referred for psychiatric consultation between July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1989 at the Seoul National University Hospital, we tried to find out the overall clinical characteristics of the elderly group(Age 60 and over) in comparison with those of the young group(Age 15-19) and the results were as follows: 1) The overall psychiatric consultation rate was 0.98%. The rate of psychiatric consultation in the elderly group(1.21%) was significantly higher(p=0.0071) than in the young group(0.98%). This was the opposite of the reports from foreign countries. 2) Among the total consultation cases, the proportion of the elderly group was 22.9%, which was significantly higher than those in other papers in Korea. We think this reflects the increasing proportion of elderly patients amon the total number of patients in general hospital. 3) As a whole the elderly group were accompanied by a greater number of physical disease than the young group(0=0.001). Though the difference between the two groups was not significant in diseases of metabolic and endocrine system, diseases in cardiovascular system and skeletomuscular system were somewhat higher in the elderly group. The two groups showed no difference in both total number of days hospitalized and the number of days in hospital at the time of consultation. The rate of psychotropic drug use at the time of consultation was significantly higher in the Department of Neurology than in the other departments(p=0.00106). 4) The overall difference in referral sources was not significant statistically between two group. The Department of Internal medicine was the most frequent source-about half-which was a little less than the previously reported rate in Korea. We think this result was due to the increase in utilization of psychiatric consultation by the other departments. 5) Organic mental disorder was exceedingly more common in the elderly group(p=0.001) and the psychotic disorder, anxiety disorder, somatization disorder, personality disorder and psychosomatic disorder were more common in the young group, although not significant statistically. 6) The overall distribution of reasons for referral was not different in two groups. The most frequent reason was somatic symptoms without organic evidence, followed by previous psychiatric history and depression. 7) Psychotropic medication was most frequent as a recommandation in both groups. Though not statistically significant, recommendations of psychotropic medication and transfer to psychiatric unit were more frequent in the elderly group. There was no significant difference in diagnostic actions recommended between the two groups except that there was no recommendation for psychological test in the elderly group.

네트워크 분석기법을 이용한 서울 지역별 미세먼지의 양적ㆍ질적 차이를 유발하는 인자 규명

조용은,유영선,박정민,이경형,곽선아,류희욱,조경숙 한국환경교육학회 2014 한국환경교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2014 No.12

솔비톨 및 당류 첨가가 김치 발효에 미치는 영향

구경형(Kyung-Hyung Ku),조진숙(Jin-Sook Cho),박완수(Wan-Soo Park),남영중(Young-Jung Nam) 한국식품과학회 1999 한국식품과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

가열 및 ph, 유기산, 염류가 마쇄마늘 변색에 미치는 영향

조진숙(Jin-Sook Cho),구경형(Kyung-Hyung Ku),김우정(Woo-Jung Kim) 한국식품과학회 1999 한국식품과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

만성 전기경련충격이 흰쥐 해마에서 NMDA 수용체 아단위 발현에 미치는 영향

강웅구,조경형,구영진,안용민,주연호,노명선,김용식 대한신경정신의학회 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.4

연구목적: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 수용체는 시냅스 가소성 등과 관련하여 중요한 역할을 한다. 기능적 NMDA 수용체는 몇가지 아단위의 복합체인데, 뇌에는 이들 아단위중 NR1, NR2A 및 NR2B가 풍부하다. NMDA 수용체의 기능은 단백질 인산화 및 발현양 변화에 의해 조절된다. 이 연구에서는 항우울 및 항정신병 효과를 갖는 반복적인 전기경련 충격이 NMDA 수용체 아단위 발현양 변화에 미치는 영향을 흰쥐 해마에서 관찰하였다. 방법: 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐에게 1, 5, 10 일간 매일 전기경련 충격(Electroconvulsive shock, ECS)을 주고, NR1, NR2A, 및 NR2B의 발현양을 해마에서 면역블롯 법으로 관찰하였다. 결과: NR1 및 NR2A 아단위의 양은 ECS 횟수에 따라 증가하였지만, NR2B의 발현양은 ECS에 의해 조절되지 않았다.

만성 전기경련충격이 흰쥐 해마에서 MMDA수용체 아단위 발현에 미치는 영향

강웅구,조경형,구영진,안용민,주연호,노명선,김용식 대한신경정신의학회 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.4

한국인 조현병 환자에서 클로자핀 처방용량과 혈중농도의 관계 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

류승현,조경형 대한조현병학회 2023 대한조현병학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: Some reports suggest that the concentration-to-dosage ratio (C/D ratio) of clozapine (CZP) in Asian treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patients differs from that of Caucasian TRS patients. However, there is insufficient research on the differences in C/D ratio between Korean TRS patients and Caucasian TRS patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate prescribed CZP dosage, CZP concentration and C/D ratio in Korean TRS patients.Methods: The study included TRS patients aged 18 years or older who were prescribed CZP for at least 12 weeks at a psychiatric hospital in Korea. We collected demographic information, smoking status, hospitalization status, CZP serum concentration, total CZP dosage, and norclozapine (NCZP) serum concentration and analyzed their statistical correlations.Results: The study found that the average daily CZP dosage was 266.1 mg, and the average CZP concentration was 568.0 ng/mL. There was a significant correlation between CZP serum concentration and smoking status, as well as sex. CZP dosage was not significantly associated with age, weight, BMI, or metabolic rate. The study also found a significant difference in C/D ratio between groups based on CZP serum concentration.Conclusion: Our study suggests that recommended CZP dosages for Caucasians may not be suitable for Koreans due to C/D ratio differences. We found a relationship between CZP serum concentration and C/D ratio in Korean TRS patients. Therefore, it is crucial to confirm CZP serum concentration to avoid side effects and to find optimal dosage.

일반의약품과 전문의약품 의도적 음독 자살 시도자 특성 분석 연구

조을아,조지현,조경형,심현보,Cho, Eulah,Cho, Ji Hyun,Jho, Kyeng Hyeng,Sim, Hyun-Bo 한국정신신체의학회 2020 정신신체의학 Vol.28 No.2

연구목적 자살시도로 응급실에 내원한 환자들 중 음독이 가장 높은 빈도를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 음독 의약품에 따른 자살 시도자들의 특성을 분석하여 향후 임상 진료 현장에서 도움이 될 제언과 자살 예방 정책을 마련하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방 법 2011년부터 2019년까지 서울 소재 1개 종합 병원 응급실에 음독 자살 시도 후 내원한 환자 574명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 의무기록을 통해 인구통계학적 정보 및 자살 과거력, 정신건강의학과 과거력, 정신질환 외 기저질환력, 음독 약물의 종류 및 양, 획득 경로, 단일 혹은 혼합 음독여부 등에 대해서 조사 후 카이제곱 검정 및 독립표본 t-검정을 사용하여 통계 분석하였다. 유의한 결과에 대해서는 위험률 산출을 위해 오즈비를 구하였다. 결 과 일반의약품 음독군이 전문의약품 음독군에 비해 연령은 유의하게 낮았으며 국민건강보험 외 비율은 낮고 배우자가 있는 비율은 유의하게 높았다. 전문의약품 음독군은 일반의약품 음독군에 비해 비자발적 응급실 내원, 정신질환력 및 정신질환 외 기저질환력에서 높은 비율을 보였다. 전문의약품 중 벤조디아제핀 음독군은 비음독군에 비해 본인 처방 비율이 높은 반면 졸피뎀 음독군은 타인처방 비율이 높았다. 벤조디아제핀, 졸피뎀, 항우울제 단독 음독군이 복합 음독군에 비해 유의하게 정신질환력이 없는 비율이 높았다. 결 론 일반의약품 판매 규제에 대한 가이드라인이 필요할 것이며 임상 현장에서 자살 고위험군의 특성을 유념한 면담이 필요하다. 또한 자살 위험성이 높은 환자들에게 전문의약품 처방 시 추적 관찰 기간 및 처방 기간, 포장 방식에 대한 적극적인 고려가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Objectives : Self-poisoning is the leading cause of visits to the emergency departments after a suicide attempts. This study is aimed to compare the patient characteristics according to the category of drugs ingested by the patients who attempted suicide. Methods : All medical charts were retrospectively reviewed from patients who visited the emergency center, at Seoul Medical Center, due to intentional self-poisoning from April of 2011 to July of 2019. We investigated the information regarding the subtype and quantity of the intoxication drug, how it was obtained, suicidal history, and psychiatric history, as well as, sociodemographic information. Variables were compared between prescription drug (PD) and non-prescription drug (NPD) poisoning groups. Results : The mean age of the NPD poisoning group was significantly lower than that of the PD poisoning group. The patient ratio of those enrolled in national health insurance and living with spouses were significantly higher in the NPD poisoning group. Compared to the NPD poisoning group, the PD poisoning group had a higher incidence of mental illnesses, underlying diseases and ratio of involuntary visit to the emergency department. Among the prescription drugs, the benzodiazepine poisoning group had a higher rate of self-prescription than the non-poisoning group, while the zolpidem poisoning group had a higher rate of the using someone else's prescription than other drugs. Each single drug poisoning group (benzodiazepine, zolpidem, and antidepressant single-agent) had a higher rate of no mental illness than each of the mixed-poisoning group. Conclusions : Guidelines for regulating non-prescription drugs are needed as a matter of suicide prevention. Also, this study suggests that clinicians need to be careful when issuing prescriptions and should suicidal risk according to patients' characteristics, duration of follow-up and type of drug packaging.