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조경석,조경석,문용재,장비호,김수진,김연한,Park, Y.D.,Cho, K.S.,Moon, Y.J.,Jang, B.H.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, Y.H. 한국천문학회 2003 天文學論叢 Vol.18 No.1
In 2002, a new solar spectroscopic system with the Coelostat type has been installed at Korea Astronomical Observatory. It was designed to observe solar spectra in the range from 3000 to 8000${\AA}$ with the spectral resolution of 1${\AA}$/mm. The system is composed of a 40cm diameter Coelostat with 9m focal length, spectroscopic system with 600groove/mm grating, and a IK ${\times}$ IK CCD detector. By developing observational softwares for this system, we have successfully observed solar Ha spectra. In this paper, we development of telescope control and observational softwares.
급성 뇌허혈증에 있어 만니톨의 효과에 대한 실험적 연구
조경석,홍용길,백민우,김달수,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.8
The development of postischemic irreversible brain damage depends upon the length of ischemia and its severity during arterial occlusion, although release of the occlusion always leads to restoration of normal or above n o d cerebral blood flow. This experiment was planned to determine the effects of mannitol on cerebral ischemia on subsequential izgional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) following reperfusion after ischemia and also define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible brain damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by transorbital occlusion of the left MCA with a Sugita clip for period of 30 minutes and the ischemic brain was reperfused for 180 minutes by removing the clip. Foty adult cats, weighing 25 to 4.0㎏ were divided into 5 groups : control(Gmup Ⅰ, n=8), permanent MCA occlusion(Group Ⅱ, n= 8), permanent MCA occlusion with mannitol infusion (Group Ⅲ, n=8), permanent MCA occlusion with mannitol infUsion(Group Ⅲ, n=8), 30 minutes MCA clipping followed by reperfusion(Gmup Ⅳ, n= 8) and 30 minutes MCA clipping with mannitol infusion followed by reperfusion groups((group Ⅴ, n=8) respedvely. The rCBF and SEP measurents were carried out in each animal immediately, after MCA occlusion, at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes and 180 minues followed by reperfusion. The rCBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance technique. Mando1 was given in bolus of l a g body weight as a 25% solution delivered via the femoral vein The results were as follows: 1) Gradual elevation of intracranial pressure(1CP) and systolic blood pressure were observed after MCA occlusion. Treatment with mannitol in MCA occlusion animals(Group Ⅲ & Ⅴ) decreased ICP immediately a k r idusion of mannitol. 2) Normal control rCBF(ml/100g/min) were 51.94±5.05 in the left temporal(LT) and 50.80± 4.87 in the left perietal lobes(LP). 3) The MCA occlusion resulted in a reduction of the blood flows to 72% of the normal control ones(LT : 14.29± 4.81ml/100g/min) at the left temporal area immediately after occlusion and also a reduction of flows to 80.4% of the normal control ones(LT : 1024± 3.69ml/100g/min) at 180 minutes after occlusion in Group Ⅱ. 4) In the mannitol-treated group(group Ⅳ), reperfwd animals, with removal of the clip on MCA had an improved postischemic recovely of blood flow and ipsilateral cerebral blood flows were restored to 42.5% of the normal control ones(LP : 212±4.13ml/100g/min) at 180 minutes after occlusion in Lt parietal CBF. 5 ) In the reperfusion group(group Ⅳ), reperfused animals, with removal of the clip on MCA had an increase in rCBF to the level of 833% of the control value(LT : 45.78± 6.80ml/100g/min) at 180 minutes after reperfusion and also reperfused animals, with treated mannitol had further increase the blood flow up to the level of 92s % of the control value(LT : 49.04± 43.6 ml/100g/min) at 180 minutes after repexfwion. 6) After the MCA occlusion, the SEP was present but markedly altered in shape and particularly the early components of the SEP were suppressed in the ipsilateral occlusion hemisphere. 7) In the mannitol-treated reperfusion group(Group Ⅴ) the amplitude of the SEP was restored to 80% of control value. The SEP was significantly suppressed if the rCBF fell below 10- 14ml/100g/min. These results suggest that provided CBF can be restored to above the 40% threshold well within 30 minutes, prevention of ischemic brain damage can be expected and also the mannitol may of benefit in prolongation of the time threshold for the formation of the cerebral ischemia after vessel occlusion.
COMPARISON OF HELICITY SIGNS IN INTERPLANETARY CMES AND THEIR SOLAR SOURCE REGIONS
조경석,박성홍,임은경,Cho, Kyungsuk,Park, Sunghong,Marubashi, Katsuhide,Gopalswamy, Nat,Akiyama, Sachiko,Yashiro, Seiji,Kim, Roksoon,Lim, Eunkyung 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2
If all Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have flux ropes, then the CMEs should keep their helicity signs from the Sun to the Earth according to the helicity conservation principle. We select 34 CME-ICME pairs whose source active regions (ARs) have continuous SOHO/MDI magnetogram data covering more than 24 hr without data gap during the passage of the ARs near the solar disk centre. The helicity signs in the ARs are determined by estimation of accumulating amounts of helicity injections through the photospheric surfaces in the entire source ARs. The helicity signs in the ICMEs are estimated by applying the cylinder model developed by Marubashi (2000) to 16 second resolution magnetic field data from the MAG instrument onboard the ACE spacecraft. It is found that 30 out of 34 events (88%) are helicity sign-consistent events, while 4 events (12%) are sign-inconsistent. Through a detailed investigation of the AR solar origins of the 4 exceptional events, we find that those exceptional events can be explained by the local AR helicity sign opposite to that of the entire AR helicity (2000 July 28 ICME), incorrectly reported solar source in CDAW (2005 May 20 ICME), or the helicity sign of the pre-existing coronal magnetic field (2000 October 13 and 2003 November 20 ICMEs). We conclude that the helicity signs of the ICMEs are quite consistent with those of the injected helicities in the AR regions where CMEs were erupted.
조경석,K. Marubashi,김록순,박성홍,임은경,김수진,P. Kumar,V. Yurchyshyn,문용재,이재옥 한국천문학회 2017 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.50 No.2
We investigate two abnormal CME-Storm pairs that occurred on 2014 September 10 - 12 and 2015 March 15 - 17, respectively. The first one was a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dst$_{min}$ $\sim$ -75 nT) driven by the X1.6 high speed flare-associated CME (1267 km s$^{-1}$) in AR 12158 (N14E02) near solar disk center. The other was a very intense geomagnetic storm (Dst$_{min}$ $\sim$ -223 nT) caused by a CME with moderate speed (719 km s$^{-1}$) and associated with a filament eruption accompanied by a weak flare (C9.1) in AR 12297 (S17W38). Both CMEs have large direction parameters facing the Earth and southward magnetic field orientation in their solar source region. In this study, we inspect the structure of Interplanetary Flux Ropes (IFRs) at the Earth estimated by using the torus fitting technique assuming self-similar expansion. As results, we find that the moderate storm on 2014 September 12 was caused by small-scale southward magnetic fields in the sheath region ahead of the IFR. The Earth traversed the portion of the IFR where only the northward fields are observed. Meanwhile, in case of the 2015 March 17 storm, our IFR analysis revealed that the Earth passed the very portion where only the southward magnetic fields are observed throughout the passage. The resultant southward magnetic field with long-duration is the main cause of the intense storm. We suggest that 3D magnetic field geometry of an IFR at the IFR-Earth encounter is important and the strength of a geomagnetic storm is strongly affected by the relative location of the Earth with respect to the IFR structure.