통역에 대한 다섯 가지 가설 - 인지 및 신경심리학적 관점에서

정혜연 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2012 통번역학연구 Vol.16 No.1

The following five hypotheses are to be examined in this paper: “Interpreting competence is not innate” “In interpreting competence, it is better to acquire a past so-called ‘critical period’ for language acquisition”, “The process of interpreting acquisition has certain steps that are the same, regardless of the language pair and the learner”, “Foreign language proficiency does not necessarily mean interpreting proficiency”, and “There are gender differences in the interpreting acquisition.” Some of these hypotheses have been regarded as near-facts among those who learn and teach interpreting(‘Interpreters are not made but born’). To verify or falsify these hypotheses on a more objective basis, recent scientific results from cognitive psychology and neuropsychology are consulted, especially neuroscientific researches are drawn on to support most of the above hypotheses. The explanations that this paper offers can be a theoretical construct for future empirical researches which need to be carried out in cooperation between interpreting researchers and neuropsychologists.

Hein의 구성주의 박물관교육이론

정혜연 한국박물관교육학회 2018 박물관교육연구 Vol.- No.19

미국의 박물관 교육의 현황을 통한 문화다양성 교육의 전망

정혜연 국립민속박물관 어린이박물관과 2013 어린이와 박물관 연구 Vol.- No.5

통역에 대한 세 가지 질문 - 신경심리학적 관점에서 -

정혜연 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2019 통번역학연구 Vol.23 No.3

This paper attempts to provide a well-founded und more elaborate "answers" to the following questions often asked by practicing interpreters: (1) Between AB (L1-L2) and BA (L2-L1) interpretation, which one is more difficult? (2) What competencies are necessary for simultaneous interpretation (SI)? (3) Why is it particularly difficult to interpret numbers? To address these questions, the results of approximately 20 years of neuropsychological research on the topic of "interpretation" were analyzed from the practitioner’s perspective. The findings were as follows. (1) There are no differences in severity between L1-L2 and L2-L1 per se; however, the L1-L2 balance and the interpreter’s training determine the degree of difficulty associated with interpretation. The L2-L1 initially appears easier for the majority, as verbalization in the native language is smoother. However, well-trained interpreters with balanced bilingual competence find L1-L2 easier, especially as the receptive language might play a more decisive role, according to the aphasia study of Byng et al. (1982). (2) SI is, most of all, an “art” of attentional division and creation of primary semantic memory. The more training a simultaneous interpreter obtains, the stronger is the change associated with their anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). These brain regions are implicated in selective attention and creation of primary semantic memory, respectively. (3) The difficulty of interpreting numbers has little to do with the mathematical competence of the interpreters. It depends substantially on the ability to develop phonological memories during the formation of semantic memories as well as maintenance of these phonological memories in their original form without integration into a more abstract semantic memory. This type of competence is related to attention control as well.

통역사의 기억능력 - 인지심리학적 관점에서 -

정혜연 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2014 통번역학연구 Vol.18 No.1

What are the competences which establish interpreters asprofessionals? In relation to this question, this paper examinesprofessional interpreters’ memory system. Research on interpreters’memory in recent years has revolved around the working memory insimultaneous interpreting. Results of those researches were howeverhighly contradictory. To find out the reasons for those disappointingresults and to understand better, in which form each kind of memory serves to the complex task of interpreting, a more comprehensivetreatment of the theme “memory” appears required. First, this paperreviews various memory types as commonly defined in cognitivepsychology. The paper’s hypothesis is constructed upon how eachmemory type is employed in both consecutive and simultaneousinterpreting. Finally, hypothetical conclusions are drawn: (1) As forlong-term memory, not its capacity but its structure might differ fromnon-interpreters, and (2) short-term memory plays a key role inconsecutive interpreting. Stimuli which retrieve interpreters’ STM areeither previous informations or note-taking which work as a fireworkin retrieving series of memory chains in interpreters’ brain. (3) Toverify the hypothesis that professional interpreters have a greaterworking memory capacity than non-professionals one should measuretheir semantic memory, and not their auditive or visual memory.

버트(BERT)를 활용한 인간번역의 자동평가: 여러 모델의 성능 비교 및 활용 가능성

정혜연,서수영 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2022 통번역학연구 Vol.26 No.4

The most recent language model in NLP, known as BERT, has numerous advantages over other language models. It ‘understands’ human language in a subword unit and can recognize rare words and out-of-vocabulary words. Furthermore, it considers syntax and context during the text-understanding process. We applied the evaluation metric “BERTscore” using this BERT model to evaluate human translation (HT). 120 translated texts were evaluated with five evaluation metrics: BLEU, METEOR, emBLEU, emMETEOR, as well as BERTscore and the result was compared with professional translators’ evaluation. The comparison examines the validity and reliability of these metrics, particularly the BERTscore, for future application for HT evaluation. BERTscore demonstrated a stable performance, taking first place in scores, and third in ranks. The validity of metrics of word2vec models, especially that of emBLEU, was somewhat disappointing, probably owing to the domain difference between the training corpus and test corpus.

연상작용을 통한 문장구역 - 통역교육에의 시사점 -

정혜연 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2007 통번역학연구 Vol.10 No.2

Chung, Hye-yeon. (2007). Associative Sight Translation : A Pedagogical Method to avoid Interference. Interpreting and Translation Studies 10-2, pp.105-126. Everybody who works in the field of translation and interpretation knows what sight translation is. But no consensus has been made till now on how to do it the best and how to avoid one of the greatest difficulties of sight translation i.e. linguistic interference. This paper is suggesting - on the base of the knowledge from cognitive linguistics - a method of sight translation which is called 'associative sight translation'. According to this method the source text is reprocessed based on its content and structure. That is to say, cues on content and structure are marked in the text. The text is first dissected into smaller semantic units and within these semantic units a fixed number of cue words are selected, which function as associative cues to make the interpreters free to produce their individual target texts. This can be an effective strategy to avoid linguistic interference in the process of sight translation because the interpreters produce their target texts only on the base of the semantic and structural cues that the source text provides, and not on the base of the whole text analyzing its syntactic and semantic features as non-professionals might do, when asked to translate a text on the spot.

정상인과 녹내장 환자의 혈청 인지질 지방산 농도

정혜연 한국식생활문화학회 2020 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and is characterized by degeneration of the optic nerve. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major contributing factor to optic nerve damage. However, some patients develop glaucoma even with normal IOP. Other factors, including age, race, myopia, and nutrition, can affect glaucoma risk. Dietary fat intake and serum fatty acid composition are closely related with the fatty acid profile of the retina and thus can modulate glaucoma risk. In this study, we collected serum samples from 34 glaucoma patients (26 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 8 normal tension glaucoma (NTG)) and 45 healthy controls and analyzed their serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations. The results show that the ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid (OA/SA), which is an indicator of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, was higher in POAG patients when compared to normal controls. The ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA), which is an indirect marker of eicosanoid biosynthesis, was also higher in glaucoma patients (p=0.048). These results imply that dietary fatty acid intake and serum fatty acid profile can influence glaucoma risk. Additional study is necessary to identify the relationship between fatty acids and glaucoma.

사회적 거리두기 관람에서 포크와 디어킹의 맥락적 모형의 의미 재발견

정혜연 한국박물관교육학회 2021 박물관교육연구 Vol.- No.25

2022년 국내 코치 활동에 관한 현황조사 연구:(사)한국코치협회 소속 코치를 중심으로

정혜연,이종혁,김휘경 한국코칭학회 2023 코칭연구 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the growth and development of coaches by providing basic data related to domestic coaching activities, focusing on coaches belonging to the Korea Coach Association. To this end, an online survey was conducted targeting 638 coaches belonging to the Korea Coach Association, and the response results were analyzed. Analysis was conducted focusing on 44 questions out of a total of 61 questions, and the study focused on the analysis of the current status of domestic coaches' general activities, coaching costs and income, and coaches' coaching competence. The research results are as follows. Most of the coaches were master's graduates majoring in business administration, psychology, and coaching, and the areas of activity of coaches were mainly concentrated in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. In terms of coaching cost, there were differences between the level of coaching cost currently received and the desired to receive per session, and there were differences by coach qualification in terms of coaching career, affiliation, occupation, coaching cost and income, and coaching hours. They coaches responded that the biggest obstacle to working as a full-time coach was that there were not many clients. Regarding coaching competency, the coach's professionalism was emphasized, and listening was a key skill. This study is meaningful in that it suggests a direction for coaches as professionals and derived coaching-related implications, limitations, and expectations. 본 연구는 (사)한국코치협회 소속 코치들을 중심으로 국내 코치 활동과 관련된 기초자료를 제공함으로써 코치들의 성장과 발전에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 (사)한국코치협회 소속 코치 638명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 진행하고, 응답 결과를 분석하였다. 총 61개의 문항 중 44개의 문항을 중심으로 분석을 하였으며, 국내 코치들의 일반 활동 현황분석, 코칭 비용과 수입, 코치의 코칭 역량을 중심으로 연구하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 코치들은 경영학과, 심리학, 코칭학을 전공한 석사 졸업자가 가장 많았고, 코치들의 활동 지역은 주로 서울, 경기에 집중되어 있었다. 코칭 비용에 있어서는 회기당 현재 받는 코칭 비용과 받고 싶은 코칭 비용 수준이 서로 달랐으며, 코칭 경력, 소속, 직업별, 코칭 비용과 수입, 코칭 시간에 있어서 코치 자격별 차이가 있었다. 전업 코치로 활동하는데 가장 장애가 되는 요소는 고객이 많지 않기 때문이라고 응답했다. 코칭 역량과 관련하여 코치의 전문성을 강조하였으며, 경청하기를 주요 기술이라고 했다. 본 연구를 통해 전문직업인으로서 코치들이 나아가야 할 방향성을 제시했고, 코칭 관련 시사점, 한계점, 기대사항 등을 도출하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.