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정이근 東亞大學校 大學院 1991 大學院論文集 Vol.16 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to get a concept of national feudalism which is a particular type of feudalism as mode of production. (1) Mode of production is unity of mode of labour(the aspect of productivity) and relations of production, that is, relations of production. (2) Feudal landed property is the core of the feudalism. The economic content of feudal landed property is as follow: 1) the producers have a direct cohesion with means of production while they are binded to the land. 2) the feudalistic landowner exploits the feudal rent through non-economic compulsion. 3) the producers are independent upon the feudalistic landowner in the process of production. 4) therfore the basic relations of production in feudalism are that of the feudalistic landowner to the feudalistic producers. (3) The economic law of feudalism is the system that exploits the surplus productions as feudal rent through non-economic compulsion. The basic contradiction of feudalism can be descrived by the relations between the private characteristics in the process of production and feudal landed property. (4) The Middle Ages in Asia can be characterized as national feudalism, which involves the essence of feudalism in general as follows : 1) the existence of the small farmers that have to be distinguished from serfs. 2) the exitence of the nation as the feudalistic landowner. 3) the local organization of government exercising non-economic compulsion. Therfore the land-tax is feudal rent. (5) The particularity of national feudalism : 1) the farmers under national feudalism are difficult to stand on his own legs. 2) the private-landowners have not only the interdepent relationship but also the antagonistic one to the nation that is the highest landowner. Therefore the relationship between the nation, the private landowner and the farmer are complex. (6) Transition from national feudalism to capitalism : despotic power in national feudalism plays a obstructing role in the process of primitive accumulation.
정이근 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the socio-economic background in which the low-class people had increased in the Early Lee-Dynasty. In order to approach this purpose, the following facts are to be considerated interrelatedly: ① the peasants-differentiation, ② the agricultural productivity, ③ the transformation of the land into the commodity, and ④ the exploitation system. The agricultral productivity that had developed in the early Lee-dynasty, cannot be utilized by the lower-layer peasants. This implies that they are unstable in the agricultral management. The advanced agricultral methods were taken advantage of by the upper-layer peasants composing the landowner. The collection by the nation was based upon a principle:the security of the peasant's farming. Nevertheless the collection-system which used to be operated arbitrarily exploited the lower-layer peasants severely. Therefore they who were unstable in the point of the agricultral productivity and were exposed to the sevirity of the exploitation system, were to dispose of the lands and to wander. The landowners concentrated the lands that were disposed of by the ruined peasants, and at the same time assembled them. The latters as a lawless person were subordinate to the formers. Moreover they were to be married to the No-bi(奴婢) who were possessed by the landowners, and their children becomed the landowners' No-bi.