초등학생의 동그라미 중심 부모-자녀 그림(PSCD) 반응특성과 부모-자녀 애착에 관한 연구

정영인(Chung, Young In) 한국미술교육학회 2009 美術敎育論叢 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 동그라미 중심 부모-자녀 그림이 부모-자녀간의 애착을 측정하는 도구로서의 활용가능성을 탐색하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 서울시 초등학교 2개교 5학년 203명(남 111명, 여 92명)이었으며, 동그라미 중심 부모-자녀 그림(PSCD)과 부모-자녀 애착 검사를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 대응표본 t-test와 일원변량분석으로 사후검정은 Scheffé-test를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 초등학생의 부·모와의 애착은 남·여학생 모두 아버지보다 어머니와의 애착이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, PSCD 아버지상의 반응특성에 따른 아버지와의 애착은 얼굴 표정, 긍정 상징, 부정 상징, 인물간 거리에 따라 차이를 보였다. 셋째, PSCD 어머니상의 반응특성에 따른 어머니 애착정도를 보면 긍정 상징, 인물간 거리에서 남․여학생 모두 차이가 있었고, 그 외 여학생은 얼굴 표정, 부정 상징에서도 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, PSCD 자기상 반응특성에 따른 부․모 애착의 차이에서 남․여학생 모두 얼굴 표정, 부정 상징, 인물간 거리에 따라 부․모 애착의 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 동그라미 중심 부모-자녀 그림 검사는 부모-자녀간의 애착을 측정하는 유용한 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 입증하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop if Parent-Self-Centered- Drawing(PSCD) could be a good measurement of parent-child attachment. The relationship of parent-child attachment theory was experimented using Parent-Self-Centered-Drawing(PSCD) among 203 5th graders(111 males, 92 females) in 2 elementary schools in Seoul. Those data was analyzed with a paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test. The results of this study are as followings: First, in elementary students, the parent-child attachment tended to be higher with mothers than fathers regardless of their gender. Secondly, they had shown different responses to father-child attachment depending on facial expression, positive symbols, negative symbols, and distance between parent-child in PSCD. Thirdly, they also had shown different responses to mother-child attachment depending on positive symbols, and distance between parent-child in PSCD. Besides that, in females, facial expression, negative symbols had affected their responses as well. Lastly, PSCD had shown that there are different responses to parent-child attachment regarding facial expression, negative symbols, and distance between parent-child in both genders. Consequently, it has proven that parent-self-centered-drawing(PSCD) can be a good measurement of parent-child attachment.

LMT와 S-HTP에 표현된 집, 나무, 사람 그림에 관한 비교 연구

정영인(Chung, Young-In) 한국미술교육학회 2015 美術敎育論叢 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 LMT와 S-HTP에 공통적으로 표현되는 집, 나무, 사람 그림을 비교하 여, 두 그림검사의 상호 보완적 유용함을 알리는데 목적을 두었다. 모든 연령에게 친숙한 소재인 집, 나무, 사람은 미술치료뿐만 아닌 미술교육에서도 많이 그려지는 항목으로 심리를 파악할 수 있는 기본 도구이기에 중요하게 다뤄져야 한다. 본 연구의 대 상은 대학에 재학 중인 337명의 학생으로, 수집 된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 22.0을 이용 하여 χ² 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, LMT와 S-HTP에 표현된 집 그림은 집의 수, 형태, 3차원적 표현, 안정감, 창문, 문에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 두 그림검사에 표현된 나무 그림은 나무의 수, 3차원적 표현, 안정감, 가지, 뿌리, 열매, 옹이에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 사람 그림에서는 사람의 수, 성별, 움직임, 3 차원적 표현, 얼굴 표정, 착의의 사람, 사람의 기호화에서 두 검사간의 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과를 토대로, LMT와 S-HTP에 표현된 집, 나무, 사람 그림을 비교할 수 있었고, 이를 통하여 두 그림검사가 상호보완적으로 유용되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. This study is to compare house, tree, and person commonly expressed in drawings in LMT and S-HTP as well as recognize the effectiveness of using both tests. Those drawing topics are widely used not only for the purpose of the art therapy but also for the art education. Because they are friendly topics for all ages, thus, it is a basic tool to consider for one’s psychological analysis. Tests were conducted among 337 university students, and statistical analysis was done using the χ² test with SPSS 22.0. The results of the study are as followings: 1. Significant difference was shown in number of houses, forms, 3D expression, stability, window and door in LMT and S-HTP. 2. Significant difference was shown in number of trees, 3D expression, stability, branch, roots, fruits and knots in both tests. 3. Significant difference was shown in number of people, gender, movement, 3D expression, facial expression, clothed person, symbolization in both tests. Therefore, by comparing drawing house, tree and person in LMT and S-HTP, further study will be followed proving two drawing tests need to be used effectively.

페미니즘 작가의 바느질 작업에 내재된 자아치유적 요소 연구 - 루이즈 부르주아(Louise Bourgeois)작품을 중심으로 -

정영인 ( Chung Young-in ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2008 한국디자인포럼 Vol.20 No.-

There are many patterns of needleworks, for instance, embroidery and patching designs, that are used in common practice such on clothes. Today, innumerable needlework has been expanded its definition by applying on a piece of paper, canvas, fabric, and vinyl that allows modern artists` extend their innovative creations. This paper analyzes on how to express one`s feelings through needleworks by reflecting on art works by two feminist artists Kim Soo-Ja and Annette Messager. This paper is concentrated on observing needlework being not only as a piece of art work but also being used as self-healing factors in Louise Bourgeois`s art works. As she mentioned, needlework is a symbol of healing, the needle is not just a matter of restoration. But also it is used as a messenger that links the past and the presence, thus, needle is a symbolic tool to convey hope. One of the greatest artists today, Louise Bourgeois, defines art as `My psychological healing process`. In another words, art is the power of self-healing with support of catharsis and self awareness that reflects on one`s life. In sum, people start to recognize the importance of creative art programs in art therapy. However, due to lack of researches on self-healing factors in artists` art work process, the further studies are ultimately necessary.

고흐의 작품에 표현된 “밤”의 심리적 의미

정영인(Young-In Chung) 한국국제미술교육학회 2018 미술과 교육 Vol.19 No.2

한부모 가정 아동과 양부모 가정 아동의 “동그라미 중심 부모-자녀 그림(PSCD)” 비교 연구

정영인(Young-In Chung) 한국국제미술교육학회 2016 미술과 교육 Vol.17 No.3

대학생의 발테그 그림검사(WZT) 반응특성에 관한 연구

정영인(Chung Young In) 한국미술교육학회 2016 美術敎育論叢 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구는 대학생의 발테그 그림검사 반응특성을 파악하고, 성별에 따른 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 수도권 대학에 재학 중인 대학생 247명에게 발테그 그림검사(Wartegg-Zeichentest: WZT)를 실시하였다. 분석기준은 아우구스트 페터(August Vetter)의 현상학적인 해석을 토대로 평가항목을 재구성하였고, 자료 분석은 빈도분석, 교차분석을 하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 대학생의 WZT 반응특성은 선의 성질에서 예리한 선과 윤곽을 주로 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 그림 착상에서는 구체적 패턴이 가장 많았고 이를 세부 분류했을 때 동적인 표현이 많이 나타났다. 또한, 그림주제의 의미는 부합되는 경우가 많았다. 둘째, 성별에 따른 WZT의 차이를 살펴보면 터치의 질은 틀1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 합계에서, 음영과 윤곽에서는 틀1, 2에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그림 착상의 분류에서는 틀3, 5, 합계에서 차이를 보였고, 세부적으로는 형식적 패턴, 구체적 패턴, 회화적 패턴에서 부분적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 성별에 따른 그림 주제의 의미 부합은 틀1, 3, 5, 합계에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 WZT 분석의 기초자료를 제공하고, 대학생을 이해할 수 있는 도구로서의 활용 가능성을 제시하였다. This study investigated the gender difference of the responsive characteristics from university students in the Wartegg-Zeichen test(WZT). The WZT was given to the 247 university students in Gyounggi Province. The assessment items were organized based on the August Vetter’s phenomenological interpretation. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and cross analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1.The sharp line and contouring of the line characteristics had the highest rate in the drawing responses of the WZT among college students. The pattern to express specific objects had the most frequent rates. In the pattern to express specific objects, most frames showed dynamic expressions. Also, the correspondence of the themes with drawings had the high rate. 2. Gender differences in WZT showed the significant differences in the line characteristics of the frames 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8, shading and contouring of the frames 1 and 2. Picture patterns in frames 3, and 5 showed the differences, and significant differences showed in parts in formal, specific, and pictorial patterns. Gender differences showed the significant differences in the correspondence of the themes with drawings in the frames of 1, 3, and 5. Thus, this study can be used as a basic tool of analysis in the WZT as well as an useful tool to understand university students.

대학생의 정신건강에 따른 발테그 그림검사(WZT) 반응특성 연구

정영인(Chung Young In) 한국미술교육학회 2020 미술교육논총 Vol.34 No.4

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of using Wartegg Zeichentest(WZT) as a test tool that can grasp the mental health of university students through the reaction characteristics of the WZT according to the mental health of university students. The subjects of this study were 220 students from 1st to 4th grades from 2 universities in Gyeonggi-do, and the research tool used WZT and Korean version of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Data analysis was cross-tabulation analysis, and the results of this study are summarized as follows. First, in the difference in response characteristics of the WZT drawing index according to mental health, the acceptance of the stimulus drawing showed a significant difference in Frame 4. In addition, in the classification of drawing conception, there were significant differences in Frames 1 and 2, and in Frames 3, 4, 6, and 8 for matching the meaning of the drawing subject. In line quality, touch quality was significantly different in frames 2, 6, and 7, and shades and contours in frames 3, 5, and 7 were significantly different. Second, differences in response characteristics of WZT PDI index according to mental health showed significant differences in frames 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the order of pictures, and in the difficulty level, there were significant differences in easy and difficult pictures, and in the title, frame 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 showed significant differences. Therefore, through these research results, the possibility of using WZT as a test tool to determine the mental health of university students was confirmed.

어간말 자음군의 변이 유형과 그 지리적 분포

정영인(Chung Young-In) 한국언어문학회 2003 한국언어문학 Vol.51 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to find out a pattern of variation and geographical distribution of 'stem-final consonant duster'. Korean Dialect Data, published by the Academy of Korean Studies, is used as a tool in order to analyze the topic. The characters of 138 areas of the whole land could be compared according to the book. The pattern of stem-final consonant duster is divided into two groups. A criterion is based on transparence in inflection. The one is the transparency pattern where we can expect the variation. The other is an opaque pattern in which the form of inflected words is not shown. According to the result of research, the transparency pattern is mainly found when stem is combined with the ending which begins with consonant. This pattern, however, rarely appears at Jeonbuk and Jeonnam province. The fact that about 10% of the transparency pattern is composed of vowel insertion should be considered in phonological analysis. The opaque pattern is shown three times more often in front of the vowel with ending than before consonant. The case of vowel insertion is more frequently and variously seen in the opaque pattern than the transparency. Jeonbuk and Jeonnam province are regarded as the area where vowel insertion is most frequently happened.

방어기제 관점으로 본 페미니즘 작가 자화상의 자아치유 요인 연구 - 프리다 칼로(Frida Kahlo)와 천경자의 작품을 중심으로 -

정영인 ( Chung Young-in ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2009 한국디자인포럼 Vol.22 No.-

Many artists from every part of the world demonstrate how human beings are eager to express their feelings through their self-portraits. Creating a self-portrait generates more positive outputs than just giving an opportunity to reflect on themselves. It alleviates one`s hurtful feelings building such a powerful defense mechanism while working on their artworks. This study is to compare and contrast two feminist artists` self-portraits -Frida Kahlo and Chun Kyung Ja- to conclude that their art works are used as a tool for the self-healing. Their main themes in their artworks are defense mechanism - symbolization, conversion, and sublimation. Both artists were depressed with the pain of unhappy marriage life. This fact is commonly expressed in their self-portrait to overcome their spiritual scars. The main characters that they introduced frequently are flowers, butterflies, and snakes such animals. By painting those characters repeatedly, it cures their pain inside by symbolizing their unconscious pain to conscious meaningful self-healing. Whenever they feel the pain inside, they covert the pain in action by drawing as many self-portraits as they can. There are many drawings that expressed many thoughts about the agony and temptation of death. They put effort to sublime the pain through the paintings. There are many studies about art therapy being observed using art works as cure remedy as an example, however, it is very rare to introduce art therapy being observed as self cure composite through artists` creative art works. Thus, I strongly suggest looking into developing a program using art therapy in whole not only for artists` self-portrait skills.

대학생의 빗속의 사람(PITR) 그림검사에 나타난 성격특성에 관한 연구

정영인(Chung Young In) 한국미술교육학회 2020 미술교육논총 Vol.34 No.3

This study aims to examine if Person In The Rain (PITR) can be used as a tool to understand personality traits of university students, by analyzing the characteristics of response to PITR depending on the personality traits of university students. The study targets 256 university students in the first to fourth grades of two universities in Gyeonggi-do. The research tools used a PITR drawing test and a scale of big five personality traits and the data analysis was cross tabulation analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the difference in the stress response characteristics of the PITR according to the personality characteristics of the university student showed statistically significant differences in the amount of rain, direction of rain, strength of wind, number of clouds, number of puddles, area of puddles, and person contact with puddles. Second, the difference in the response characteristics of the stress response resources in the PITR according to the characteristics of the characteristics of university students personalities showed statistically significant differences in the number of direct protections, total number of protections, shape of face, and the size of person. Third, the difference in the PDI reaction characteristics of the PITR according to the personality characteristics of the university student showed significant differences in the degree of rain wetness, strength of the wind, person in the drawing, person s mood, and the person s needs. These study results demonstrate that the PITR drawing test can be used as a tool to examine personality traits of university students.