도시 내 이민자 자영업의 시공간적 역동성 -시카고 거주 한국인 이민자를 사례로-

정수열 ( Su Yeul Chung ),임석회 ( Seok Hoi Yim ) 한국경제지리학회 2012 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Ethnic entrepreneurship, an important means by which immigrants improve economic status, is widely believed to be facilitated by their residential concentration, i.e. ethnic enclaves. However, the recent immigrants` residential dispersion and re-clustering in some selected well-to-do suburbs portend changes in the role of ethnic enclave as a nest of immigrant entrepreneurship. This paper investigates the impacts of the residential disopersal on ethnic entrepreneurship with a case study of Korean small businessmen in Chicago, Illinois PMSA. The research utilizes the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) to know the overall changes in Korean entrepreneurship through 1990s and conducts a survey to understand reactions and surviving strategies of Korean enclave businessmen to the residential shifts. Relevant to those analyses is the enclave-economy hypothesis which argues benefit from spatial clustering of co-ethnic entrepreneurs by yielding more business opportunities and higher returns.

교육수준별 거주지 분리와 근린주거환경 격차: 서울시를 사례로

정수열 ( Su-yeul Chung ),이정현 ( Jung-hyun Lee ) 한국경제지리학회 2016 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Socio-economic polarization in Korea partly due to recent globalization and industrial restructuring could reduce social mobility significantly through passing down educational achievement to one`s children. Under the notion that residential segregation is geographical frame for the reproduction of educational inequality, this research investigates residential segregation by educational attainment and neighborhood disparity with a case study of Seoul. The statistical analyses employed local segregation measures such as Location Quotient and Local Moran`s I and a variety of variables that reflect neighborhood characteristics. As a result, it found that there are sharp and clear contracts between low- and high-educational group concentrations/clusters particularly in terms of housing characteristics and educational facilities. This results provide some evidences that support the arguments about the causes of residential segregation by class in Korean Cities.

베트남 중부고원지대 커피농가의 사회경제적 격차: 민족성의 영향을 중심으로

정수열 ( Su-yeul Chung ),이승철 ( Sung-cheol Lee ),조영국 ( Young Kug Joh ) 한국경제지리학회 2016 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Since after the 1986 economic reform policy(Doi Moi), the central highland in Vietnam has transformed into one of the largest coffee producing areas. The transformation had been supported by mass migration of ethnic Kinhs from the coastal lowland. It did not take long for the Kinh migrants to be the ethnic majority in the region. Meanwhile the growth of coffee industry entailed in socio-economic disparity, specially between Kinh migrants and native ethnic minorities. The disparity has becomed obvious not only between coffee farming Kinhs and non-coffee farming ethnic minorities but also between coffee farming Kinhs and ehtnic minorities. The previous literatures highlight the lack of human and social capital and the lagging modernization in ethnic minority societies. However, they fall short in showing the explicit processes why ethnic minority coffee farmers earn less than ethnic majority counterparts. With a case study of Dak Lak province, this research attempts to show the reason why there is income gap between Kinh and ethnic minority Ede coffee farmers by comparing their ways of producing coffee and selling their products. The results show that Ede’s land productivity is significantly lower than Kinh’s. It is because Ede farmers use less fertilizer due to the shortage of the capital. Also they often get into debt for coffee production and should pay it back right after the harvest. It deprives them of chance to raise earning by selling the coffee beans at a higher price.

계획 이주와 자발적 이주 간 연계 -베트남 닥락 성 커피 생산에서 이주의 역할-

정수열 ( Su Yeul Chung ) 한국경제지리학회 2013 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Vietnam`s growth as the second largest coffee producer in the world has been fueled by domes-tic migration into central highlands. However, the detail migration processes have not been explicvitly discussed. In particular, the existing literatures tend to describe the migration flow in a framework of planned migration versus spontaneous migration, paying less attention to the linkage between them. With a case study of Dak Lak province which is the leading robusta producer in Vietnam, this research investigates the linkage between planned and spontaneous migration in a multiscalar approach. The statistic data allow the researcher to know temporal association between the two type of migration in a provine scale. The survey and interview about two coffee-producing communes-Ea H1Ding in Cu M1gar district and Doan Ket in Krung Buk district-inform us that the linkage between planned and spontane- ous migration is contingent to the local contexts including ethnic composition, timing of settlements, governement`s development program, and timing of a larage flow of in-migration.

국내 소매,소비지리학의 연구 동향과 과제

정수열 ( Su Yeul Chung ) 한국경제지리학회 2011 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The retailing industry in Korea has developed with new store formats: supermarket, convenient store, discount Store, and super-super market. Also, there are confrontation and conflict between them, becoming a national issue. This study reviews the existing literatures in Korean geography of retailing and consumption and attempts to set forth the future research themes and topics. The review shows that the existing literatures disproportionately focus on location, diffusion, and market area of the new store formats. The future research themes and topics includes the marketplace combined with recreation, donation, environment-friendliness, or social welfare; marketplace as a part of global production and distribution system; expansion of marketplace into homes which are longstanding private space; spatial structure of retailing at various geographical scale.

북중무역에서 정체성 저글링: 중국 단둥 소재 조선족 무역상을 사례로

정수열 ( Su-yeul Chung ),김민호 ( Minho Kim ),지상현 ( Sang-hyun Chi ),이승철 ( Sung-cheol Lee ) 한국경제지리학회 2017 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Regarding to Dandong as the gateway city of the Sino-North Korea trade, cultural anthropology characterizes it with a hybridity of four groups with a different combination of ethnic and national identity: Korean Chinese(Chosonjok), South Koreans, North Koreans and Chinese-North Koreans. And, microeconomics views the enterprises in Dandong area have different sizes and types in the Sino-North Korea cross-border trade depending on their owner`s ethnic and national identity. However, these researches focuses mainly on the differences between the groups, falling short in showing how the group members utilize their double identities to maintain and prosper their businesses, coping with various and changing situations. This study introduces the concept of `identity juggling` and applies it to Chosonjok cross-border traders. The results from the in-depth interview and survey indicate they juggles their Korean ethnic identity and Chinese national identity selectively in terms of their bilinguality of the Korean and Chinese, mobility crossing China, South Korea, and North Korea, and prospects on the trade revitalization thanks to potential mitigation of tensions in Korea peninsula.

사회경제적 양극화와 도시 내 계층별 거주지 분리

정수열 ( Su Yeul Chung ) 한국경제지리학회 2015 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.18 No.1

It is widely believed that increasing socio-economic polarization inspired by globalization andeconomic restructuring worsens residential segregation by class in Korean cities. However, the existing lit-eraturefalls short in showing the recent changes of the residential segregation, particularly after the 1997financial crisis, with reliable and systematic segregation measures. Noting that there are the two majordimension in residential segregation - evenness-concentration and exposure-clustering - this study introduced not only global measure (dissimilarity index and isolation/interaction index) but also local measures(location quotient and Local Moran’s I) for each dimension. These measures are applied to the case study of Seoul in the 2000s. The class is defined by education attainment and the data is obtain through the MicroData System Service System(MDSS). The result shows that the residential segregation by edu-cation attainment persists through 2000s and even get worse in some dimension. More significantly, it turns out that high-class and low-class residence are nearly mirror-images of each other, indicating high segregation.

도시이론에서 근린과 거주지분화

정수열 ( Su Yeul Chung ) 한국도시지리학회 2009 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.12 No.2

강남의 경계 긋기

정수열(Su-Yeul Chung) 대한지리학회 2018 대한지리학회지 Vol.53 No.2

애증의 공간으로 강남은 한편으로 부러움과 욕망의 대상이 되고 다른 한편으로는 질시와 좌절을 불러일으킨다. 한국의 위계적 주택시장에서 독보적인 지위를 얻고 유지하기 위해 강남은 명확히 정의될 필요가 있었고 그에 대한 논란이 여전히 진행되고 있다. 지리적 관점에서 강남은 그 영역적 경계를 밝힘으로써 정의될 수 있다. 선행 연구가 밝힌 강남의 경계는 다양하고 이견 또한 적지 않은데 이는 단편적인 기준이나 지표를 활용하였고 특히 강남 또한 서울 거주공간의 일부임을 간과하였기 때문이다. 본 연구는 강남을 영역적 장소로 규정하고 도시내부구조와 지역구분에 강점을 가진 사회지역 및 요인생태학을 활용하여 서울 거주공간구조를 파악하고 강남에 대한 일반적 인식에 부합하는 근린의 존재와 그 지리적 경계를 확인하고자 한다. 자료는 통계청의 ‘살고싶은 우리동네’을 활용하여 행정동 단위로 집계된 근린주거환경에 관한 변수를 주성분분석을 통해 축약하여 서울 거주 공간을 도심형, 고급, 은퇴자형, 그리고 서민형 근린 등 네 가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 이중 고급 근린이 강남형 근린에 해당하며 이들은 서울 남동부 지역에 뚜렷한 군집을 형성하고 있으며 그 공간적 영역은 ‘강남3구의 중북부’로 가장 잘 정의된다. No place like Gangnam brings about mixed feelings to Koreans. It not only stimulates one’s appetite for success and sense of achievement, but also makes one got discouraged and frustrated. As the most desired living place, the boundary of Gangnam should be clear with its distinguished neighborhood characteristics. However, the previous literatures fall short in clarifying the boundary of Gangnam partly because they adapted only a few selected criteria and/or neglecting the whole structure of urban residential space. This study defined Gangnam as a territorialized place and attempted to line its boundary by adapting social area analysis and factorial ecology. It extracted 22 variables across four field related to neighborhood characteristics from the dataset SalGiJooeun WooRiDongNae and summarized them into four through principle component analysis. By doing so, it could identify the four types of neighborhoods in Seoul. The second type corresponds to the Gangnam-style neighborhood. Its boundary and scale is best described with ‘central and northern part of Gangnam 3-districts.

국내 북한이탈주민의 모빌리티 역량과 이주 실천

정수열(Su-Yeul Chung),정연형(Yeonhyeong Jeong) 대한지리학회 2021 대한지리학회지 Vol.56 No.6

국내 북한이탈주민은 1990년대 북한의 극심한 경제난 이후 급증하여 2020년 현재 3만3700여 명에 달한다. 본 연구는 북한이탈주민의 이주민으로서의 성격에 주목하고 모빌리티 패러다임을 적용하여 탈북과 한국으로의 이주실천을 분석하였다. 북한과 한국에서 생애의 일정 기간을 보냈던 북한이탈주민을 눈덩이 표집하고 심층 인터뷰하여 탈북 동기, 모빌리티 역량, 한국 입국 후 정착지 선택 과정을 파악하였다. 연구 참여 북한이탈주민은 북한 사회와 삶에 대한 불만족, 주변인의 권유, 그리고 진로 및 진학 등이 탈북을 결심하게 된 직접적인 이유였다. 이들은 해외 방문 경험, 북한 내 지역 이동 경험, 외지 정보를 통한 상상 이동 경험 등의 크고 작은 모빌리티 역량을 가졌으며 이를 탈북과 한국입국 등 이주 실천에 활용하였다. 나아가 모빌리티 역량의 크기에 따라 한국 내 정착지를 선택함에 있어 적극성의 차이를 보였다. 북한이탈주민의 이주에 관련된 기존 분석은 탈북 경로를 확인하고 그 과정상 특징적 요소만을 단순 기술하거나 탈북과 관련된 배경적 요인을 부각하는 한계를 보였다. 이에 본 연구는 모빌리티 역량이 탈북 이전과 그리고 한국으로의 입국 과정에서 축적되고 발현되며 종국에는 한국 내 정착에도 영향을 미친다는 점을 밝혔다는 데 의의가 있다. The number of North Korean defectors in South Korea has risen sharply after North Korea"s extreme economic hardship in the 1990s, reaching 33,700 as of 2020. This study defines North Korean defectors as migrants and analyzes their migration practice by applying the mobility paradigm. Through snowball sampling and in-depth interviews with North Korean defectors who had spent a certain period of their lives in North Korea and South Korea, it analyzed the motives for defecting, mobility capabilities, and the process of choosing a settlement after entering South Korea. The major reasons for their defecting were the dissatisfaction with North Korean society, the recommendations from their relatives and acquaintances, and their career advancement. They had the different kinds of mobility capabilities such as overseas visit experience, inter-regional movement experience in North Korea, and imaginary movement through foreign information and utilizing them to practice the migration. Furthermore, there was a difference in activeness in selecting a settlement in Korea according to the size of the mobility capability. The existing literature about the migration of North Korean defectors tends to simply identify the characteristics in the migration path and make only circumstantial arguments by emphasizing the environmental factors for defection. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it revealed that the mobility capabilities are accumulated and manifested before defecting and during moving into South Korea, and could ultimately influence the settlement in South Korea.