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      • KCI등재

        蒙山 看話의 비판적 연구

        정성욱(Jeong, Seong-wook) 불교학연구회 2011 불교학연구 Vol.30 No.-

        한국불교 간화선은 고려시대 이후로 몽산의 직접적인 영향을 받아왔다. 그러나 그러한 몽산의 간화는 대혜의 간화와 비교해 볼 때 많은 사상적 변화가 보인다. 그 이유로 인하여 오늘날 한국불교 간화선은 그 정신을 살리지 못하고 간화선 수행자는 방향을 잃고 있으며 오직 신비적 그늘 속에서 안주하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 본고는 한국불교 간화선이 활발발함을 잃은 이유를 몽산의 간화에서 찾고 몽산의 일대기를 분석하여 문제점을 연구하고자 한다. 먼저 몽산의 간화의 특징을 분석하기 위한 연구방법으로 대혜의 간화와 비교해 보고자 한다. 첫째, 대혜의 간화의 특징을 살펴보면 ‘발견하는 화두’라고 부를 수 있다. 이것은 우리 생활의 곳곳에서 누구나 찾을 수 있고 확인할 수 있는 마음의 존재적 형상을 묘사한 것으로 일체에 두루한 모습을 갖고 있다. 그래서 존재적 화두라고 명명하였다. 둘째, 몽산의 간화의 특징은 ‘만드는 화두’라고 칭하였다. 이것은 한 개인의 노력에 의하여 많은 번뇌망상을 극복하고 고행과 공력으로써 한 생각을 만들어 가는 것을 말하는 것으로 ‘수행적 화두’라고 부를 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 수행적 화두는 한 경계를 깨달을 때 까지 무한한 노력이 필요하여 성공할 확률이 거의 없으므로 오늘날 간화선이 수행자로부터 외면 받게 되었고 중생제도는 요원한 일이 되어버린 원인이 되었다. 이에 본고는 오늘날 한국불교 간화선 침체의 원인이 몽산의 간화에서 비롯되었다고 보고 몽산의 생애, 좌선과 화두에 대한 몽산의 개념, 몽산의 수행과정, 그리고 인가에서 그 예를 찾아서 분석하고자 한다. The Gwan-Hwa-Seon(看話禪) of Korean Buddhism has been influenced directly by Meng-shan(蒙山). But Gwan-Hwa(看話) of Meng-shan(蒙山) can be seen as having many ideological changes compared to the Gwan-Hwa(看話) of Dae-hye(大慧). Due to this, the reality of Gwan-Hwa-Seon(看話禪) of modern Korean Buddhism cannot uphold its true spirit and practitioners of the Gwan-Hwa-Seon(看話禪) have lost direction and are content on being within the shade of mystery. Therefore this study will research the reasons that Gwan-Hwa-Seon(看話禪) of Korean Buddhism has lost its vigor in the Gwan-Hwa(看話) of Meng-shan(蒙山) and through an analysis of Meng-shan’s(蒙山) biography analyze the problem. By the method of comparison with Gwan-Hwa(看話) of Dae-hye(大慧), I will try to analyze the characteristics of Meng-shan(蒙山)’s Gwan-Hwa(看話). First, if you look at the characteristics of Dae-hye’s Gwan-Hwa, it can be called ‘Discovering Hwa-Du(話頭)’. This is the description of the existential appearances of the mind that can be found and confirmed in various aspects of our lives, which has the appearance of all things. That is why it is called ‘Existential Hwa-Du(存在的 話頭)’. Second, another characteristic of Meng-shan’s Gwan-Hwa(看話) is ‘Creating Hwa-Du.’ This can be called ‘Disciplinal Hwa-Du’ whereby you overcome the many delusions of worldly desires through a personal effort and build a thought through self-mortification and labor. However, there is little chance in succeeding with ‘Disciplinal Hwa-Du’ because it requires infinite effort to achieve enlightenment. Thus, today the Gwan-Hwa-Seon(看話禪) is ignored by the practitioners of Korean Buddhism and has become a cause of indifference with regard to saving mankin. Therefore in this thesis, I think that the cause for stagnation in Gwan-Hwa-Seon(看話禪) Korean Buddhism today originated from Meng-shan’s Gwan-Hwa(看話), I will analyze examples to be found in Meng-shan’s(蒙山) biography, Meng-shan’s concept about Sitting in Seon Meditation(坐禪) and Hwa-Du, Meng-shan’s disciplinal course, and method of Permission(認可).

      • KCI등재

        알음알이의 분석적 연구

        정성욱(Jeong, Seong-Wook) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2012 철학사상 Vol.44 No.-

        중국의 초기선은 달마의 벽관(壁觀)으로부터 비롯되어 전등을 이어왔다. 그러나 벽관(壁觀)이 중국적 토양에 정착되는 과정에서 알음알이가 부가되어 참선에 많은 장애가 되었다. 이에 본고에서는 먼저 알음알이가 벽관(壁觀)이 될 수 없도록 하는 원인이 된다고 분석하여, 알음알이를 벽관(壁觀)의 상대적 개념으로 정의하였다. 그리고 그 알음알이의 시원을 도신의 일물(一物)에서 찾을 수 있었다. 이러한 알음알이는 벽관(壁觀)에서 고성제(苦聖諦)가 분리되면서 발생하였다고 추정된다. 왜냐하면 자신의 고통이 아닌 문제를 연구할 때 그 문제는 추상화되고 자신과 관계없는 알음알이가 발생하게 되는 것이다. 이러한 도신의 알음알이를 이어받아 홍인은 진심(眞心)이라고 불렀고 혜능은 견성(見性)이라고 하였다. 그 방식은 선지식이 먼저 알음알이를 주어서 생각할 수 있는 기연을 만들고 다음에는 알음알이를 부정하는 과정을 겪도록 하였다. 이에 수행자는 선지식이 주는 알음알이에 혹했다가 다시 알음알이를 부정하는 과정으로 공부하지만 늘 혼란을 느끼게 된 것이다. 또 이러한 알음알이의 영향으로 선가에서는 바르게 아는 것보다 체험주의가 확산되었고 개인적 수행주의가 만연하여 왔다. 본고는 이러한 면의 원인이 알음알이에 대한 오해에서 비롯되었다고 보고, 알음알이에 대하여 자세한 연구가 이루어진다면 벽관(壁觀)을 바르게 성취할 수 있을 것이라는 입장에서 작성되었다. The Early Stage of Zen[初期禪] was derived from Dharma(達磨)’s Byeokgwan(壁觀) and have been followed the light[傳燈]. But the Knowing[知解] was added to Byeokgwan(壁觀) in the process of its establishment in Chinese land, and then it became an obstacle to the study of Zen. Accordingly, in this thesis, I analyzed the fact that the Knowing[知解] is the reason that someone cannot become Byeokgwan(壁觀). And I could find the origin of the Knowing[知解] at the One-thing[一物] of Dosin(道信). It was presumed that such Knowing occurred at the time when Goseongje(苦聖諦) was separated from Byeokgwan (壁觀). Hence the master gave his disciple the Knowing first to make him think and he made his disciple undergo the process to deny the Knowing next time. They inherited Dosin(道信)’s Knowing, which Hongin(弘忍) named Jinsim(眞心) and Hyeneung(慧能) Gyenseong(見性). Therefore, the disciple always felt confusion because he was attracted to the Knowing that the master had given him and he studied the course of abandoning it in another moment. And under the influence of the Knowing, empiricism rather than a correct understanding of Zen spread, and it has been pervasive in individual practicism[修行主義]. This paper has the viewpoint that the cause of such a problem was derived from the misunderstanding of the Knowing, and a detailed study of the Knowing will provide accurate information on the accomplishment of Byeokgwan(壁觀).

      • KCI등재

        단체 건강검진 운영 관리를 위한 통합관리 시스템의 설계 및 구현

        정성욱 ( Sung Wook Jeong ),김준우 ( Jun Woo Kim ) 한국정보시스템학회 2015 情報시스템硏究 Vol.24 No.2

        Purpose The healthcare services have drawn so much public attention, and many organizations such as schools and companies require the individuals to undergo the periodic health examination. In general, however, the mass health examination services are not managed in systematic way, and both examinees and medical staffs often experience much inconvenience while preparing, undergoing and managing the services. To address such problems, this paper aims to design the Health Examination Management System (HEMS), an integrated management system for mass health examination operations management, and implement its prototype. Design/methodology/approach First of all, HEMS enables the medical staffs to efficiently collect and manage the examination result data by supporting examination service management. Second, the users can efficiently analyze the cause-and-effect relationships among the examination items by using the visualization tool of HEMS based on the cluster heat map. Finally, the HEMS provides the operational supports for evaluating and managing the service performances. Findings The HEMS indicates that the conventional operations management approaches can be incorporated into the mass health examination services, and it is expected that the proposed system enables the examinees and the medical staffs to participate in such services in more efficient way.

      • KCI등재

        후보순위 기반 타부 서치를 이용한 제약 조건을 갖는 작업 순서결정 문제 풀이

        정성욱 ( Sung-wook Jeong ),김준우 ( Jun-woo Kim ) 한국정보시스템학회 2016 情報시스템硏究 Vol.25 No.1

        Purpose This paper aims to develop a novel tabu search algorithm for solving the sequencing problems with precedence constraints. Due to constraints, the traditional meta heuristic methods can generate infeasible solutions during search procedure, which must be carefully dealt with. On the contrary, the candidate order based tabu search (COTS) is based on a novel neighborhood structure that guarantees the feasibility of solutions, and can dealt with a wide range of sequencing problems in flexible manner. Design/methodology/approach Candidate order scheme is a strategy for constructing a feasible sequence by iteratively appending an item at a time, and it has been successfully applied to genetic algorithm. The primary benefit of the candidate order scheme is that it can effectively deal with the additional constraints of sequencing problems and always generates the feasible solutions. In this paper, the candidate order scheme is used to design the neighborhood structure, tabu list and diversification operation of tabu search. Findings The COTS has been applied to the single machine job sequencing problems, and we can see that COTS can find the good solutions whether additional constraints exist or not. Especially, the experiment results reveal that the COTS is a promising approach for solving the sequencing problems with precedence constraints. In addition, the operations of COTS are intuitive and easy to understand, and it is expected that this paper will provide useful insights into the sequencing problems to the practitioners.

      • KCI등재

        친환경 건축자재 인증제도 신뢰성 제고방안 연구

        정성욱(Jeong Sung-Wook),손규일(Sohn Kyoo-Il),이경근(Lee Kyung-Keun),임남기(Lim Nam-Ki) 대한건축학회 2008 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.24 No.4

        By the improvement of chemistry technology, the production and equipment of various building materials composed of complex chemicals have increased. Since pollutants resulting from it have had an adverse effect on air quality, lots of environmental-friendly certification programs reflecting the regulations about these pollutants have operated. Although these environmental-friendly certification programs have directly and indirectly influenced on our daily lives, credibility concerning it does not fully satisfy the expectation. In this paper, among certification programs in forms of legal compulsion, legal voluntariness, and public voluntariness which are currently operating in our country, certification programs of the environmental friendly building materials such as building materials emitting pollutants, certification rules related to E-mark and HB mark, procedures and certification have been investigated, and ‘management about certificate authority’ and ‘procedures of certification operations’ as improvement policy for raising the credibility about them have been suggested.

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