국내 항공승무원의 보안인식과 항공보안요원의 위기대응능력 조사

정상헌,조성구,김동제 한국치안행정학회 2014 한국치안행정논집 Vol.11 No.3

현재까지 국내에서 발생한 항공보안 실패 사례는 창랑호 납치사건(1958), KAL YS-11 납치사 건 (1969), KAL F-27 납치미수사건 (1971), KAL B727 납치미수사건(1985), KAL KE858기 공중 폭파 사건(1987), KAL B747 납치미수 사건(1988), KAL 388 납치미수 사건(1993)등이 있다. 이에 우리정부는 1969년 항공기 납북사건 이후 사복경찰관과 함께 항공보안요원에게 무기 휴대를 허용 하게 하였으며, 1970년부터는 항공보안요원을 청원경찰로 하여 업무를 수행하게 하였다. 이후 2008년부터 항공기내에 보안요원이 탑승하는 제도를 도입하였지만 이것은 객실승무원중 보안승무원을 지정하는 개념으로 현재 항공기내에서 얼마나 실효적인 역할과 효과가 있는지는 의 문이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 현재 국내의 항공기내 승무원 148명을 대상으로 보안 인식을 탐색적으로 살펴보고자 하였으며 연구결과 매우 안전하다(4.7%), 안전하다(23.6%), 그저 그렇다(56.7%), 불안 전하다(25.6%), 매우불안전하다(2.7%)로 나타났고 ‘그저 그렇다’는 의견이 가장 높은 비중을 차지 하였다. 또한 항공기내 승무원의 위기 대응능력에 대한 연구결과 매우높다(13.5%), 높다(29%), 그 저 그렇다(43%), 부족하다(19.5%%), 매우부족하다(2.7%)로 나타났으며, ‘그저 그렇다’는 의견이 가장 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 종합해 보면 항공기내의 보안에 대한 무관심과 안전 불감증이 매우 높은 상 황임을 알 수 있다. 항공보안의 경우 한 번의 사고가 대형 참사로 이어지는 특징과 현재 급증하 고 있는 항공교통수단의 확대 그리고 북한의 도발 등을 고려하여 항공 보안의 대응체제를 제고해 보아야 할 것이다. Until now, cases of domestic aviation security failures in Korea are Changlangho hijacking(1958), KAL YS-11 kidnapping(1969), kidnapping of KAL F-27(1971), the attempted B727(1985), the midair explosion of KAL KE858(1987), the attempted kidnapping of KAL B747(1988), the attempted hijacking of KAL 388(1993), et cetera. So, after the aircraft hijacking to North Korea in 1969, our Korean government allowed aviation security personnel to carry the mobile weapon, along with a plain-clothes policeman. Since 1970, it has made the private police(rent-a-cop) carry out security duty as the aviation security personnel. The system of in-flight security officers on board within the aircraft has been introduced since 2008. However, one of flight attendants is designated as in-flight security personnel. And then it is questionable whether there are any effective role and efficiency within the aircraft. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show how the current domestic commercial flight attendants are conscious of the aviation security. The result of it shows that ‘very safe’ is 4.7%, ‘safe’ is 23.6%, ‘so-so’ is 56.7%, ‘unsafe’ is 25.6%, and ‘very unsafe’ is 2.7%. ‘So-so’ opinion has taken the highest percentage. And the research on crisis management capacity of the in-flight crews shows that ‘very high’ is 13.5%, ‘high’ is 29%, ‘so-so’ is 43%, ‘lacking’ is 19.5%, and ‘very lacking’ is 2.7%. ‘So-so’ opinion has taken the highest percentage, too. Taking together these research results, we know that indifference and insensitivity toward aviation security is very high. If there is the accident related to the aviation security, it is connected with great tragedy. Currently, considering the rapid increase of air transportation and the provocation of North Korea, we should rethink the confrontation system of the aviation security.

Structural and Optical Characterization of PA-MOCVD Grown ZnO Nanorod-Arrays on Silicon Substrates

정상헌,송호준,Kyoung-Ho Park 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.6

In this study, vertically well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were successfully grown on silicon wafers at a low temperature of 400 $^\circ$C by using a catalyst-free plasma- assist metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PA-MOCVD) technique. The detailed investigation on the optical and the structural properties of the as-grown ZnO nanorods was performed by using various analytical techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations indicated that the ZnO nanorods grown at inductively coupled plasma (ICP) powers above 150 Watt were highly $c$-axis aligned with a high crystal quality as demonstrated by the ZnO (0002) rocking curve being as narrow as 3.41$^\circ$. Photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature (RT) and 6 K clearly confirmed that the ZnO nanorods in the present study had excellent optical quality and high purity, showing only free exciton emission peaks at 3.383 eV and 3.30 eV in the 6 K and the RT PL spectra, respectively, without any trace of defect related emissions.

사립유치원 교사의 문제행동 지도와 협력에 대한 인식과 요구

정상헌,이병인,박주연 한국유아특수교육학회 2016 유아특수교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

This study were investigted individual interviews with semi-structured questionnaires, to find out the perception and demands of teachers in private kindergartens on infants’ problem behaviors teaching and cooperation. Interviews using consensual qualitative analysis method were recorded to be transcribed. Rating teams were organized to conclude the results through independent data analysis and consensus. Results of the study are outlined below. First, regarding teachers’ perception on causes of maladaptive behaviors, the study found that maladaptive behaviors are caused in affiliation with household issues and period of children adjusting to kindergartens and that problematic behaviors mostly arise during playtime, mobility and meal time. Types of behaviors recognized as maladaptive behaviors included deviant behaviors from teachers’ instructions, inappropriate behaviors to rules or regulations, aggressive or dangerous behaviors, overreaction, disruptive behaviors, inappropriate behaviors among classmates, depressed or insecure behaviors and tantrums. Difficulties in teaching maladaptive infants were found to be unimproved behaviors of infants, lack of experience, lack of professional expertise, absence of support for teaching problematic infants, hardships in teaching and instruction methods, and child-rearing attitudes of other teachers and parents. Second, warning and punishing with strong tones, warning or admonishing lightly, showing indifference, having conversations with and listening to children on equal levels, providing positive reinforcement (giving stickers or compliments), giving autonomy, utilizing additional resources for selecting teaching methods, receiving help from other teachers, directors or assistant directors of kindergarten schools, counseling with parents and using other media were identified as coping measures for maladaptive children. Third, view of teaching, different perspectives on maladaptive behaviors, difference in teaching methods among teachers, difference in teaching conditions and experiences, lack of time for cooperation, lack of communication among teachers, lack of teaching on collaboration and training for cooperation measures and lack of professional support were indicated as hindrance factors for cooperation among teachers. Finally, communication among teachers, observation and consultation among teachers, regular meetings to form partnerships, support from experts on cooperation measures, sharing and utilization of common teaching methods among teachers, system enhancement, partnership and participation among teachers on equal levels were demanded for further cooperation in teaching children with problem behaviors. Therefore, the result of the following study has significance in enabling provision of basic information and effective cooperation required for further cooperation in teaching younger children with problem behaviors. 본 연구는 현직 사립유치원 교사를 대상으로 유아의 문제행동 지도과 협력에 대한인식과 요구를 알아보기 위해, 반구조화된 질문지를 가지고 개별면담을 하였다. 개별 면담한 자료는 녹음ㆍ전사되고, 평정팀을 구성, 독립적인 자료 분석을 통해 합의과정을 걸치는 합의적 질적 분석 방법을 사용하여 연구결과를 도출하였다. 연구결과는 다음과같다. 첫째, 문제행동은 유치원 적응시기와 가정에서의 원인이 연계되어 발생하며, 놀이상황이나 이동, 급식 시간에 많이 발생하였다. 문제행동으로 인식하는 유아의 문제행동 유형은 공격적이거나 위험한 행동, 과잉반응 행동, 수업방해 행동, 또래관계에서의 부적절한 행동, 떼쓰는 행동, 교사의 지도나 지시와 다른 행동, 질서 및규칙을 지키지 않는 행동, 우울 및 불안 행동이었다. 문제행동 지도의 어려움으로는 개선되지 않는 유아의 문제행동, 경험 부족과 전문적 지식의 부재, 문제행동 지도에 대한지원의 부재, 교사와 다른 부모의 양육 태도로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아 문제행동 지도방법으로는 벌주기 및 강한 어투로 주의주기, 가볍게 말로 경고하거나 주의 주기, 무관심하기, 유아와 동등하게 대화 나누고 들어주기, 긍정적 강화(칭찬, 스티커), 스스로해결하는 자율성 주기, 다른 교사나 원장, 원감에게 도움받기, 부모와의 상담, 기타미디어 매체 활용으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아 문제행동 지도를 위한 교사 간 협력의 저해 요인으로는 교사의 교직관과 문제행동에 대한 시각의 차이, 교사 간 운영 방법 및 방식의차이, 근무조건과 경력의 차이, 협력시간의 부족, 의사소통기술의 부족, 협력에 대한 교육과 연수의 부족, 전문가의 지원 부족으로 나타났다. 문제행동 지도를 위한 교사 간 협력에 대한 요구로는 교사 간 의사소통, 교사 간 관찰하기 및 자문, 정기적 협력 회의, 협력에 대한 전문가의 지원, 교사 간 공통된 지도법 공유 및 사용, 시스템의 개선, 교사간 동등한 협력 및 참여로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 향후 유아의 문제행동 지도를 위한 교사 간 협력 시 기본적인 정보를 제공하여 효과적인 협력이 이루어질 수있게 한다는데 그 의의가 있다.

N-Cyanoaziridine 유도체의 합성 및 항암효과 평가

정상헌 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1

Seven derivatives of 2,3-alkyl substituted N-cyanoaziridine were stereoselectively prepared from alkyl substituted alkenes and cyanamide. NMR spectral property and conformation of N-cyanoaziridine were analysed. Protons(3.34 ppm) at 2,3 position of N-cyanoaziridines are significantly deshielded in case of cyclopentyl fused N-cyanoaziridine. These protons are getting more anisotropically shielded with increasing the fused carbocycle size of N-cyanoaziridine. Therefore chemical shift for these protons are upfield shifted to 2.80 ppm in case of cyclooctyl fused N-cyanoaziridine. Their ED_(50) values aganist L_(1210) cell in vitro were evaluated as 0.5~8.0 μg/ml. Conformation of carbocycle of fused N-cyanoaziridine is more important to their cytotoxicity than the increment of the strain energy of 3-membered ring.

2-Aminobenzothiazole 유도체의 합성 및 항균작용에 관한 연구

정상헌,정원근,정필근,이남복 대한약학회 1976 약학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Sixteen compounds of 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives were synthesized from alkyl ($C_{1-5}$) p-aminosalicylate by thiocyanation reaction. The NMR spectra of synthesized compounds showed that they were actually mixture of 5-hydroxy-6-alk-oxycarbonyl-2-aminobenzothiazole [alkoxy=methoxy(Ia), ethoxy (IIa), n-propoxy (IIIa), iso-propoxy (IVa), n-butoxy (Va), iso-butoxy (VIa), n-amoxy (VIIa), iso-amoxy(VIIIa)] and 7-(1b), ethoxy(IIb), n-propoxy(IIIb), iso-propoxy(IVb), n-butoxy(Vb), iso-butpxy (VIb), n-amoxy (VIIb), iso-amoxy (VIIIb)]. The mixtures of two isomeric benzothiazole were separated by two isomers varied with the kind of alkyl chain in alkyl p-aminosalicylate. These compounds were subjected to the test for antimicrobial activities using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by tube dilutioin method. The seven compounds, Ia, IIa, IIIa, VIa, IIIb, IVb and Vb showed inhibition of the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of 10${\mu}$g/ml. As to the growth of E. coli, IVb, VIb, VIIb, and VIIIb were observed inhibition at the concentration of 1${\mu}$g/ml. Ia, IIa, IIIa, VIIa, Va, VIIIa, and IIb exhibited potential antimicrobial activities against showed inhibition of the growth of E.coli at the concentration of 100${\mu}$/ml.

핸들링 설계 인자 개발을 위한 실차 환경 기반 차량 변수, 운전자 생체 신호 및 주관평가 상관성 연구

정상헌,윤한나,안경재,황종락,김영득,정홍규,강연식,양지현 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.25 No.2

Vehicle handling characteristics change based on a variety of car design factors. Usually, the human driver is not considered in the vehicle handling design processes and rather, only vehicle design factors are considered in the design of handling characteristics. On the other hand, a professional driver performs a subjective evaluation of the car in a handling performance evaluation. Therefore, discrepancies are often found between the results of the handling characteristics designed based on the analysis and results felt subjectively by a human driver during actual driving. Therefore, it would be useful to develop a vehicle handling characteristics design method that considers both the vehicle and the human driver. This paper describes a real-car-based experimental platform that records the driver's biological signs and vehicle movement signs and evaluates the handling performance. For a quantitative evaluation, the driver's electrocardiogram, body pressure, brain wave, and movement signs and the vehicle movement signs were measured. For a qualitative evaluation, drivers wrote down their subjective feeling about car handling on the evaluation form. Data were obtained from two professional drivers participating in double lane change, step steer, and weave test. Based on the data, correlation analysis was conducted between the quantitative and qualitative indices. The drivers' physiological signals were ranked by comparing with the vehicle signs based on the index sensitivity obtained in this study.

N-Cyanoaziridine 유도체의 합성 및 항암효과 평가

정상헌 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1991 No.-

The Second International Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Applied Optimization(ICMSAO 2007)을 다녀와서

정상헌 대한전기학회 2007 전기의 세계 Vol.56 No.7

남여성 인표현의 비대칭 양상

정상헌 언어과학회 1998 언어과학연구 Vol.15 No.-

초록집 ( 1992 . 5 . 6 ) : 제 1 분과 ( 합성 , 천연물 , 생명공학 ) ; 반응성을 이용한 항암성 2-alkoxy-1-arylsufonylimidazoline 유도체의 설계 및 합성

정상헌,송재신 한국응용약물학회 1992 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.1