한국 재래닭의 MHC 영역 유전자형 분석

정기철(Kie Chul Jung),라세둘(Rashedul Hoque),서동원(Dong Won Seo),박병권(Byung Kwon Park),최강덕(Kang Duk Choi),이준헌(Jun Heon Lee) 韓國家禽學會 2010 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

닭의 MHC 유전자 내에 있는 microsatellite marker LEI0258은 혈청의 구분 및 질병 저항성 유전자로 많은 연구가 되어 있다. 본 연구는 유전변이가 있는 microsatellite marker LEI 0258을 한국 재래계 흑색종, 한국 재래계 갈색종, 코니쉬종, 로드아일랜드 레드종에 적용하여 품종 특이 유전자형 및 allele을 탐색하고, 품종 구분 활용에 기능하지 여부를 실험하기 위하여 실시하였다. 한국 재래계만이 가지고 있는 특이 대립 유전자는 찾을 수는 없었지만 품종간 유전자형의 빈도 차이를 보이는 대립 유전자들을 확인할 수 있어 마커의 조합을 통하여 품종을 구분할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였으며, 질병 저항성 연구의 기초 자료로 그 이용성이 높을 것으로 사료된다. The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to be associated with disease resistance and susceptibility to several pathogens. The microsatellite marker LEI0258 is physically located between the BG and BF of MHC region and variations near this marker have been well documented. In this report, the LEI0258 marker was used to find specific alleles for the Korean native chicken. The MHC haplotype was analyzed by PCR screening and sequencing of LEI0258 region in four different breeds including black Korean native chicken, brown Korean native chicken, Cornish and Rhode island red. The serologically same MHC haplotypes showed the differences in repeat numbers, a few indels or single nucleotide polymorphisms by sequencing analysis. Even though we could not identify specific alleles for Korean native chickens, the genotypes analyzed in these breeds can give valuable information for the relationships with disease resistance and establishment of breeding strategies for the Korean native chicken.

한국 재래닭의 MHC 영역 유전자형 분석

정기철,라세둘,서동원,박병권,최강덕,이준헌,Jung, Kie-Chul,Hoque, Md. Rashedul,Seo, Dong-Won,Park, Byung-Kwon,Choi, Kang-Duk,Lee, Jun-Heon 한국가금학회 2009 한국가금학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to be associated with disease resistance and susceptibility to several pathogens. The microsatellite marker LEI0258 is physically located between the BG and BF of MHC region and variations near this marker have been well documented. In this report, the LEI0258 marker was used to find specific alleles for the Korean native chicken. The MHC haplotype was analyzed by PCR screening and sequencing of LEI0258 region in four different breeds including black Korean native chicken, brown Korean native chicken, Cornish and Rhode island red. The serologically same MHC haplotypes showed the differences in repeat numbers, a few indels or single nucleotide polymorphisms by sequencing analysis. Even though we could not identify specific alleles for Korean native chickens, the genotypes analyzed in these breeds can give valuable information for the relationships with disease resistance and establishment of breeding strategies for the Korean native chicken.

한우 myostatin 유전자의 SNP 및 발현분석

유성란,정기철,상병찬,이준헌,Yu, Seong-Lan,Jung, Kie-Chul,Sang, Byung-Chan,Lee, Jun-Heon 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2004 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.31 No.2

주로 근섬유에서 발현되는 Myostatin 유전자는 근육의 발달 및 성장과 관련하여 근육이 발달하는 것을 조절하는 유전자로서 성장 분화와 관련된 TGF-${\beta}$ family에 속한다. 소에서 이중 근육(double muscling) 표현형을 보이는 개체를 조사한 결과, myostatin 유전자가 돌연변이 되어 있음을 확인하였다. 소의 중요한 경제형질인 육질과 육량을 포함한 근육의 발달과 밀접한 관련이 있는 myostatin 유전자의 SNP와 발현특성을 분석함으로서 한우의 개량을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 한우에서 유용한 marker로 사용이 가능한 nt2385부위에 SNP가 존재함이 확인되었다. 또한 여러 근육 및 기관에서의 myostatin 발현양상도 비교하여 본 바 myostatin 유전자는 근육에서만 발현하며, 근육간 발현양의 차이를 보임을 알 수 있다.

방사성 폐기물 내 $^{59/63}Ni$ 정량을 위한 분리

이창헌,정기철,최광순,지광용,김원호,Lee, Chang-Heon,Jung, Kie-Chul,Choi, Kwang-Soon,Jee, Kwang-Young,Kim, Won-Ho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.3 No.4

A study on the separation of $^{99}Tc,\;^{94}Nb,\;^{55}Fe,\;^{90}Sr\;and\;^{59/63}Ni$ in various radioactive wastes discharged from nuclear power plants has been performed for a use in their quantification which is indispensible for the evaluation of the radionuclide inventory Ni was recovered along with Ca, Mg, Al, Cr, Ti, Mn, Ce, Na, K, and Cu through the sequential separation procedure of Re(as a surrogate of $^{99}Tc$), Nb, Fe and Sr by anion exchange and Sr-Spec extraction chromatography. In this research, chemical separation of Ni from the co-existing elements was investigated by cation exchange and Ni-Spec extraction chromatography. Precipitation behaviour of Ni and the co-existing elements with dimethylglyoxime(DMG) was investigated in ammonium $citrate/ethanol-H_2O$ and tartaric $acid/acetone-H_2O$ in order to purify separated Ni fractions and to prepare $^{59/63}Ni$ source for the radioactivity measurement using a gas proportional counter. Recovery of Ni separated through ion exchange chromatographic separation procedure was $92.1\%$ with relative standard deviation of $0.9\%$. In addition, recovery of Ni with DMG in the tartaric $acid/acetone-H_2O$ was $85.6\%$ with relative standard deviation of $1.9\%$.

저단백질, 저에너지 사료를 이용한 유도환우가 산란계의 생산성 및 난질에 미치는 영향

홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong),박희두(Hee-Du Park),나승환(Seung-Hwan Na),김학규(Hak-Kyu Kim),유동조(Dong-Jo Yu),박미나(Mi-Na Park),정기철(Kie-Chul Jung),추효준(Hyo-Jun Choo),서옥석(Ok-Suk Seo),최양호(Yang-Ho Choi),황보종(Jong Hwangbo) 韓國家禽學會 2010 한국가금학회지 Vol.37 No.2

본 연구는 저단백질, 저에너지 사료를 이용한 유도 환우가 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 공시계는 산란율이 80% 이상인 61주령 White Leghorn 산란계 80수(평균 체중 1.75±0.13 ㎏)를 이용하여 12주 동안 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 설계는 환우를 하지 않는 비환우 대조구(CO), 비급이 환우구(10일 동안의 절식구, FW), 급이 환우구1(3주 동안 저단백질-저에너지 환우용 사료 급이구, LO) 그리고 급이 환우구2(3주 동안 표준 환우용 사료 급이구, ST)의 총 4처리구로 나누었으며, 처리구당 2반복, 반복당 10수씩 총 80수를 완전 임의 배치하였다. FW구에서는 2주째 초기체중에서 26.5%의 체중 손실이 있었으며, LO구와 ST구에서는 3주째 각각 17.3과 14.2%의 체중 손실이 있었다(P<0.05). 환우구의 시험계들은 환우가 종료되고 산란 말기 사료를 급여한 1주 후에 체중이 회복되기 시작하여, 7주째는 처리구간에 환우 전 체중으로 회복되었다. 심장 무게 비율은 CO, FW, LO 및 ST구에서 각각 0.47, 0.43, 0.46 그리고 0.46%로 나타났으며, 간 무게 비율은 각각 2.56, 1.30, 1.47 및 1.52%로 비환우 대조구에 비해 환우 처리구에서 무게가 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난포수란관 무게 비율은 3.95, 1.17, 1.54 및 1.67%로 간과 유사한 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). LO구와 ST구는 환우기간 중에 사료 섭취량이 감소하였으며, 5주째 이후부터는 사료 섭취량이 대조구와 유사하게 증가하였다. 산란율은 1주령에 환우 처리구에서 감소하였으며, FW구에서는 2주째, LO구에서는 3주째, ST구에서는 4주째에 산란이 정지되었다. 산란 회복 기간을 보면 FW구는 4주째, LO구와 ST구는 5주째 산란이 재개되었으며, FW구는 6주째에 50.6%로 산란율이 50% 정도가 회복되었고, LO구와 ST구는 8주째에 각각 66.1과 71.6%로 산란율이 50%가 넘게 회복되었다. 난중은 약 67.5 g 정도로 모든 처리구에서 유사하게 나타났다. 난각 두께는 CO, FW, LO 및 ST구에서 각각 0.41, 0.47, 0.46, 0.46 ㎜로 환우 처리구에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 난각 강도는 FW구와 LO구는 각각 3.83과 3.81 ㎏/㎠로 CO구에 비해 높게 나타났으나, CO구와 ST구는 각각 3.54와 3.78 ㎏/㎠로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 호우유니트는 4처리구에서 각각 75.6, 81.1, 80.6 및 79.9로 환우 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 따라서 사료의 에너지와 단백질 함량을 낮추어 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 최소화하여 환우를 유도할 수 있다고 사료된다. This work was carried out to investigate the effect of the induced molting with low-protein and energy diet on the postmolt performance of layers. Eighty White Leghorn layers (61-old-wk) with over 80% egg production were used for 12 weeks in this work. Treatments were non-molt control (CO), fasting treatment for 10 days (FW), molt treatment with low-protein and low-energy molting diet for 3 weeks (LO), and molt treatment with standard molting diet for 3 weeks (ST) as 4 treatments (2 replications/treatment and 10 birds/replication). Body weight (BW) loss was 26.5% of initial BW at 2 week in FW treatment, and was 17.3% and 14.2% in both LO and ST treatments (P<0.05). Layers in molting treatments were fed with commercial layer diet after completion of molting since BW of layers was recovered for 7 weeks. Heart weight ratio was shown as 0.47, 0.43, 0.46 and 0.46% at CO, FW, LO and ST treatments, respectively, and liver weight ration of body weight was shown as 2.56, 1.30, 1.47 and 1.52%, respectively. Thus, those of molting treatments decreased compared to non-molt control (P<0.05). Oviduct weight ratio were shown as 3.95, 1.17, 1.54 and 1.67%, respectively, and similar with the results of liver (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased at LO and ST treatments during molting period and increased from the 5th week compared to control. Egg production decreased at 1 week in molt treatment and stopped at 2 week in FW, 3 week in LO, and 4 week in ST treatments. The birds started to lay egg at 4 week in FW and at 5 week in LO and ST treatments. Egg production was recovered until 50% at 6 week in FW and was recovered as 66.1 and 71.6% at 8 week in LO and ST treatment, respectively. Egg weights were similar among all treatments. Eggshell thicknesses were 0.41, 0.47, 0.46 and 0.46 mm at CO, FW, LO and ST treatment, respectively, but the higher in molt treatments than control (P<0.05). Eggshell breaking strength was 3.83 and 3.81 ㎏/㎠ in FW and LO treatment, respectively, and high compared to control. However, eggshell breaking strengths were 3.54 and 3.78 ㎏/㎠ and were not statistically different. Haugh units were 75.6, 81.1, 80.6 and 79.9 in 4 treatments and high in molt treatment. Finally, dietary low-protein and low-energy may induce molt as few effect on performance of layers.

토종닭과 실용계에서 TYR 및 MC1R 유전자의 변이 분석

허강녕,추효준,서보영,박미나,정기철,황보종,김학규,홍의철,서옥석,강보석,Heo, Kang-Nyeong,Choo, Hyo-Jun,Seo, Bo-Young,Park, Mi-Na,Jung, Kie-Chul,Hwang, Bo-Jong,Kim, Hak-Kyu,Hong, Eui-Chul,Seo, Ok-Suk,Kang, Bo-Seok 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2011 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.38 No.3

The commercial Korean native chickens (WR_CC) was developed by crossing a few native chicken breeds in Korea. In order to investigate the breed identification markers, SNPs from TYR gene and MC1R gene, which are associated with skin and feather colors respectively, were initially identified. In case of 3 identified SNPs in the TYR gene, yellow shank color was identified in Loss, Harvard, AA, RIR and CC, which have the fixed SNPs in most of the animals. On the other hand, SNP variations were observed in KNC_RB, C_B, WR_CC and HH_CC, which have the black, yellow and mixed color with black and yellow shank colors. Also, the investigation of 3 SNPs in the MC1R gene indicated that there were associations between shank and feather colors in RIR, SF, KNC_B, C_B and RIR. However, these results are not consistent among breeds. These SNP type inconsistencies within breeds suggested that the selection was performed based on the phenotypes, which is not include the genotype information. Thus, selection based on genetic information is required in the future.

대전광역시 양축농가의 축분뇨 관리 실태 및 VOCs 농도 조사

이봉덕,이수기,오홍록,허정민,정기철,김성복,Lee, Bong-Duk,Lee, Soo-Kee,Oh, Hong-Rok,Heo, Jung-Min,Jung, Kie-Chul,Kim, Sung-Bok 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.32 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the style of livestock house, concentration of malodorous substances of livestock feces and livestock houses in Daejeon area. Among the livestock houses investigated, as most of cow pens(94.5%) have sawdust or chaff on the bottom, there was no leakage of feces out of pen. Most pig pens adopted slury style, but some of them currently use buffering material on the bottom. It is thought that there will be no possible contamination leakage. When it comes to hen house, all the broiler house use litters on the bottom and all the layer house use scrapper. It is also thought that there will be no possible contamination leakage. 3 out of 12 deer pens used buffering material on the bottom, 10 places were maintained in a traditional method, and 7 places left possibility of contamination leakage considering whether the roof was installed or not. The contents of ammonia, amine and volatile fatty acid in fresh feces were lower compared to rotten feces, but the concentration of sulfur-containing matter - hydrogen sulfide, methylmercapthan and ethylmercapthan were higher compared to rotten feces. In the case of malodorous ingredient in livestock houses, only small amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were detected in pig pen and hen house, and other ingredients were not detectable. And those who are engaged in animal husbandry reacted negatively to the use of feed additives for decreasing malodor. In conclusion, it is not worrisome that contamination can be leaked out of animal raising facilities. But if we take into consideration that the point of investigation time is wintry season, there should be more considerate attitude. And feed additives for decreasing malodor need establishing criteria in the manufacturing process.

산란계의 분뇨 배설량 및 이화학적 성상

황보종,홍의철,나승환,유동조,김학규,박미나,정기철,추효준,박희두,서옥석,HwangBo, Jong,Hong, Eui-Chul,Na, Seung-Hwan,Yu, Dong-Jo,Kim, Hak-Kyu,Park, Mi-Na,Jung, Kie-Chul,Choo, Hyo-Jun,Park, Hee-Du,Seo, Ok-Suk 한국가금학회 2009 한국가금학회지 Vol.36 No.4

This work was conducted to investigate the manure excreta and chemical compositions of layers. Two hundred 1-d-old ISA Brown layers were used in this work, and ten of 200 layers were selected for measurement of manure excreta with feeding phase. Means of the manure excreta per bird, the moisture content of poultry, and the dried manure were $124.7\;{\pm}\;27.5\;g$/bird/day, $76.9\;{\pm}\;1.9%$, and $29.1\;{\pm}\;3.9\;g$/bird/day, respectively. N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ of manure (55 weeks) were $1.39\;{\pm}\;0.139$, $0.62\;{\pm}\;0.11$ and $0.68\;{\pm}\;0.09%$, respectively. pH, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, and suspended solids (SS) were $8.19\;{\pm}\;0.71$, $50,266\;{\pm}\;621\;mg/L$, $62,832\;{\pm}\;803\;mg/L$, and $121,725\;{\pm}\;16,165\;mg/L$, respectively. Heavy metal contents in the manure were $0.003\;{\pm}\;0.0013\;ppm$ for Hg and $0.008\;{\pm}\;0.0012\;ppm$ for Pb, the latter of which was highly low compared with the standard (150 ppm), but no Cd was detected. The results of this work show the average excretion amounts and chemical compositions of layer's manure, which is used as an organic fertilizer.

옥수수 DDGS의 색상과 Phytase의 첨가가 육계 회장 아미노산 소화율에 미치는 영향

황보종(Jong Hwangbo),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong),박희두(Hee-Du Park),나승환(Seung-Hwan Na),김학규(Hak-Kyu Kim),유동조(Dong-Jo Yu),박미나(Mi-Na Park),정기철(Kie-Chul Jung),추효준(Hyo-Jun Choo) 韓國家禽學會 2010 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 옥수수 DDGS의 색상과 phytase 첨가가 회장 아미노산 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 공시 재료는 세 가지 색상의 DDGS(DDGS1, DDGS2, DDGS3)를 이용하였으며, 시험계는 유사한 체중의 5주령 Ross종 (Ross 308) 육계 수컷 108수(평균 체중 1.8±0.2 ㎏)를 공시하였다. 시험 설계는 세 가지 색상의 DDGS와 phytase 첨가 3처리구(0, 500, 1,000 FTU/㎏)의 3×3 복합 요인으로 총 9처리구, 처리당 12수씩 완전 임의 배치하여 7일 동안 소화 시험을 실시하였다. DDGS의 색상은 각각 DDGS1이 L<SUP>*</SUP>=55.2, a<SUP>*</SUP>=8.8, b<SUP>*</SUP>=41.3, DDGS2가 L<SUP>*</SUP>=39.8, a<SUP>*</SUP>=7.5, b<SUP>*</SUP>=27.1, DDGS3이 L<SUP>*</SUP>=28.3, a<SUP>*</SUP>=6.1, b<SUP>*</SUP>=15.4로 나타났다. DDGS의 색상에 따른 아미노산 소화율은 어두운 색이 밝은 색보다 모든 아미노산의 소화율이 낮게 나타났다. DDGS의 처리구에 phytase를 첨가하여 급여시에 소화율이 증가하는 경향이었다. 필수 아미노산의 평균 소화율은 모든 처리구에서 각각 77.7, 80.0, 81.5, 76.0, 78.4, 80.1, 67.6, 69.6 및 71.0% 이었으며, 비필수 아미노산의 평균 소화율은 각각 73.6, 75.8, 77.3, 73.1, 75.3, 76.8, 67.4, 69.4 및 70.7% 이었다. 이번 실험의 결과에서, DDGS 색상이 어두울수록 그리고 phytase 수준이 낮을수록 아미노산 이용률이 낮게 나타났다. This work was carried out to investigate the effects of CDDGS (com distillers dried grains with solubles) colors and phytase levels on the amino acid digestibility of broilers for 7 days. One hundred eight Ross broilers were used in 9 treatment groups with a 3 × 3 factorial design as three colors of DDGSs (DDGS1, DDGS2, and DDGS3) in combination with phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/㎏). The L<SUP>*</SUP> values of DDGS1, DDGS2, and DDGS3 were 55.2, 39.8, and 28.3; the a<SUP>*</SUP> values, 8.8, 7.5, and 6.1; and the b<SUP>*</SUP> values, 41.3, 27.1, and 15.4, respectively. The ileal digestibility of amino acids was decreased as DDGS color was dark, and increased as additive phytase level was increased in the diet. Average digestibilities of essential amino acids were 67.6~80.0%, and those of nonessential amino acids 67.4~77.3. Amino acid digestibility was low in the dark DDGS with no phytase in the diet.

옥수수 DDGS의 색상과 Phytase의 첨가가 육계 회장 아미노산 소화율에 미치는 영향

황보종,홍의철,박희두,나승환,김학규,유동조,박미나,정기철,추효준,HwangBo, Jong,Hong, Eui-Chul,Park, Hee-Du,Na, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Hak-Kyu,Yu, Dong-Jo,Park, Mi-Na,Jung, Kie-Chul,Choo, Hyo-Jun 한국가금학회 2009 한국가금학회지 Vol.36 No.4

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of CDDGS (corn distillers dried grains with solubles) colors and phytase levels on the amino acid digestibility of broilers for 7 days. One hundred eight Ross broilers were used in 9 treatment groups with a $3\;{\times}\;3$ factorial design as three colors of DDGSs (DDGS1, DDGS2, and DDGS3) in combination with phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/kg). The $L^*$ values of DDGS1, DDGS2, and DDGS3 were 55.2, 39.8, and 28.3; the $a^*$ values, 8.8, 7.5, and 6.1; and the $b^*$ values, 41.3, 27.1, and 15.4, respectively. The ileal digestibility of amino acids was decreased as DDGS color was dark, and increased as additive phytase level was increased in the diet. Average digestibilities of essential amino acids were 67.6~80.0%, and those of nonessential amino acids 67.4~77.3. Amino acid digestibility was low in the dark DDGS with no phytase in the diet.