고대 지중해 세계 저승 관념의 등장과 변천

정기문(鄭技紋) 한국역사연구회 2021 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.121

Since Neanderthal buried their ancestors, Human Beings made and developed the concept of the other world. According to the concept of after life of Neanderthal, the dead lived continually in the tomb after the same mode of this world. About 3000 B.C. Mesopotamians made the concept of the other world. According to the epic of Gilgamesh the dead didn’t live in his tomb but went to the place where only the dead lived. The other world was a vague and dark place. It is Zoroastrianism that made the differentiation of the other world for the first time. According to the doctrine of Zoroastrianism man should be judged about his doings of this world. If he lived bad life he should go to the hell. Plato developed similar thought. He thought the dead be responsible for his doing in this world, and the worst be sentenced to go to the hell. But at these stage the differentiation of the other world was not complete. Zoroastrianism taught the hell was a temporary purification place. It is Judaism that made the differentiation of the other world complete. About second century B.C. Judaism developed the concept of eternal hell and thought all bad men should go to the hell. The early Christianity made the concept of hell popularized.

지역의 장기균형과 최적발전경로: 이론적 함의

정기문,이종민,박일수 한국산업경제학회 2007 산업경제연구 Vol.20 No.6

지역간 경제력격차의 양극화 문제가 사회적 이슈로 대두된 시대적 상황을 배경으로, 본 논문은 리카도 모형의 변형을 동태적으로 변환시켜 한 지역경제의 균형상태를 결정하는 요인을 식별하고 나아가 지역경제의 발전경로 및 균형상태의 안정성 문제를 분석한다. 간단한 이론적 모형을 통하여 두 지역간 노동부존(초기조건)이 다르면 시작의 작은 차이가 시간에 따라 완전히 다른 균형상태를 나타낼 수 있음을 보인다. 또 경제의 동학체계의 부호에 따라 동태적 장기균형경로가 S자형과 나선형 두 가지 패턴을 가질 수 있음도 보인다. 이외에도 한 지역의 여러 발전 경로 중 총소득을 극대화하는 최적의 발전경로를 도출하고 그것에 대한 정책적 함축성도 논의한다. 기존의 많은 지역연구가 계량모형에 의한 실증연구인데 반해 이 연구는 이론연구라는 점에서 차별성을 가지며 향후 지역연구 방법의 다양성을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 지역정책의 성격도 보다 엄밀한 이론적 관점에서 재조명함으로써 보다 풍성한 논의를 제공하는데 일조할 것으로 기대한다. The question of whether regional discrepancies widen or fall over time, and the main reasons for such a possible divergence or convergence are recently under a heated controversy in Korea. Since, by the time-frame of human history, the current disparities between rich and poor regions are recent, it is important to understand how they may change over time. As regional discrepancies are often considered socially undesirable, the issue is particularly critical from the policy standpoint. With this phases of the times, we investigate the problem of the long-run equilibrium of a region in this paper. Firstly, we screen, through case studies, the determinants of a regional long-run equilibrium. We use the dynamic model of a variant of the Ricardian model in international trade to derive the regional development path, and to check the stability of the long-run outcome. More importantly, we derive the optimal takeoff path, along which a region moves from the state of pre-industrialization to the high level stationary state. The implications of government policy in industrialization are then discussed.

과제지향적 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능과 운동형상학에 미치는 영향

정기문,국은주,김종만 한국신경재활학회 2012 한국신경근육재활학회지 Vol.2 No.1

기독교는 언제 유대교로부터 분리되었는가?

정기문 ( Gi Moon Jung ) 역사교육학회 2012 역사교육논집 Vol.48 No.-

According to the traditional and common explanation Christianity was founded by Jesus. When he was born, proclaimed the Gospel and resurrected, a new era of world began. The old religion, Judaism lost its value. The new religion, Christianity appeared as a new hope of Human Being. But most of scholars with critical mind do not agree to this explanation. According to the arguments of these scholars, although Jesus tried to reform Judaism giving new perspective to the matter of Law and temple, he didn`t break down the boundaries of Judaism. This paper examined the development of early Christianity to find the birth moment of Christianity as an independent religion. Accepting the critical study of modern scholars I did not view the life of Jesus as birth moment of Christianity. But we cannot deny that the life of Jesus made the great energy to create a movement which was to develop into Christianity. He attacked the established power and the institution of temple and sacrifice. And he proposed the movement for the kingdom of God to prepare the impending eschatology. There would be no discrimination among the people of Israel in the kingdom of God. In this point we can say that Jesus carried out a revolutionary reform. But He didn`t imagine to abolish the Judaism. He thought that he perfected the Judaism. The Apostolic Council of Jerusalem decided to permit Gentiles not to observe the Law. It is impossible for Jews to approve the believers who didn`t observe the Law. There were no Jewish sect who argued the necessity to abolish the Law. In this point the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem was a revolutionary event. Nevertheless we cannot say that the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem established Christianity as an independent religion. Because the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem did not abolish the discrimination against Gentiles. After the Apostolic Council of Jerusalem Jews and Gentiles could not share the meal. Paul, the Apostle of Gentiles had the conviction to abolish the discrimi -nation against Gentiles. But the Jerusalem Church did not want to abolish the discrimination against Gentiles. When the conflict between Paul and the Jerusalem Church took place, Peter and the believers of Antioch Church took parts with the Jerusalem Church. Therefore Paul left the Antioch Church to proclaim the Gospels independently. He succeeded to found churches who followed only the teachings of Paul. These churches abolished completely the Laws and the discrimination against Gentiles. In this point we can say that the churches of Paul established Christianity as an independent religion.

사도행전의 저술 연대에 대한 고찰

정기문 동국역사문화연구소 2016 동국사학 Vol.60 No.-

사도행전의 저술 시기에 대해서는 크게 세 가지 의견이 있다. 60년대 설, 90년대 설, 2세기 중반 설이 그것이다. 60년대 설은 전통 교회와 소수의 학자들이 지지하는 설이고, 90년대 설은 현대 신학 연구를 주도하고 있는 다수 학자들의 의견이다. 2세기 중후반 설은 일찍이 튀빙엔 학파의 창시자인 바우어가 제시하였고, 당시로서는 큰 반향을 일으켰지만 현재 지지자는 드물다. 이 논문은 사도행전의 저술 시기를 암시해주는 세 가지 사항을 중심으로 사도행전의 저술 시기를 고찰해보았다.

위작 예술품은 해로운가?

정기문 한국문화경제학회 2015 문화경제연구 Vol.18 No.3

일반적으로 예술가들이나 법률가들은 예술품의 위작품 제작에 관해 부정적인 태도를 취하고 있다. 도덕적으로 옳지 못한 행위라는 말이다. 그러나 경제학적인 관점에서는 반드시 그런 견해가 설득력이 있는지 의문의 여지가 많다. 물론 원작 예술품에 대한 복사 또는 위작 제조 행위가 전혀 경제적인 문제가 없다는 말은 아니다. 이 논문의 목적은 원작 예술품의 복사본 또는 위작품 제작이 사회적으로 반드시 해로운 것만은 아니라는 것을 보이고자 하는 것이다.

Water-Energy-Food Nexus 기술이란?

정기문,강두선,Jeong, Gi-Mun,Wicaksono, Albert,Gang, Du-Seon 한국수자원학회 2015 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.48 No.4

수리가 가능한 시스템에 대한 k<SUB>0</SUB>-재생교체보증이 종료된 이후의 최적의 교체정책

정기문(Ki Mun Jung) 한국데이터정보과학회 2018 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

본 논문에서는 Jung (2018)이 제안한 유한 재생보증정책인 k0-재생교체보증 (k0-renewing replacement warranty)이 종료된 이후의 사용자 측면에서 교체모형 (replacement model)을 제안하고, 제안된 교체모형 하에서 최적의 교체주기 (optimal replacement period)를 결정하고자 한다. K0-재생교체보증 하에서는 보증기간 동안 시스템에 발생되는 k0번까지의 고장에 대해서 각각 새로운 시스템으로 교체를 해 줄 뿐만 아니라 보증기간도 다시 시작된다. 이러한 k0-재생교체보증 하에서의 교체모형에 대하여 사용자 측면에서의 총기대비용 (expected total cost), 시스템의 기대순환길이 (expected cycle length) 그리고 단위시간당 기대비용 (expected cost rate per unit time)을 유도하고자 한다. 이때 최적화의 기준으로는 단위시간당 기대비용을 사용하고자 한다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 제안된 교체모형과 최적의 교체주기를 수치적 예를 활용하여 설명하였다. Jung (2018) suggest the k0-renewing replacement warranty (k0-RRW) of a repairable system. This paper proposes the replacement model following the expiration of k0-renewing replacement warranty and then the optimal replacement period is determined from the user’s point of view. Under k0-RRW, the failure of the system up to k0 times is replaced by a new system by the manufacturer and the warranty period will be renewed again. We derive the expressions for the expected cycle length, the expected total cost and the expected cost rate per unit time for our model. As the criteria to determine the optimality of the replacement policy, we consider the expected cost rate per unit time from the user’s perspective. Finally, the numerical examples are presented for illustrative purpose.

마리아 막달레나 복음서와 남녀평등의 문제

정기문 ( Gi Moon Jung ) 한국서양사연구회(구 서울대학교 서양사연구회) 2018 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.58

The Mary Magdalene Gospel is the only Gospel in the name of the woman. This Gospel, which has never been mentioned in ancient literature, became known to the world at the end of the nineteenth century. Later, two more manuscripts of this Gospel were found, which means that this Gospel was a popular document in ancient times. However, this Gospel has not received much attention since it had been published. The main reason why this Gospel does not receive much attention is that male-centered thinking is still leading theology. Researches identifying the activities of Jesus and his disciples were actively conducted in terms of gender equality. However, studies of feminism still seem to be regarded as their own ‘cry’ at this moment in the 21st century. In this regard, the discovery of the Mary Magdalene Gospel can be an important opportunity to take a step forward in the study of feminism. Since the Gospel of Mary presented Mary Magdalene as the successor of Jesus. This paper figures out that the Mary Magdalene Gospel was finally edited in the middle of the second century but contains many transmissions of the first century, and attempts to identify the reality of the confrontation between Mary and the male disciples in the Gospel of Mary Magdalene. As a result, two conclusions were obtained. First, the Gospel of Mary Magdalene suggests that Mary Magdalene be the best disciple and the successor of Jesus. There has been no evidence in the Orthodox Church records supporting this fact. The Gospel of Mary Magdalene is understood as evidence that Mary Magdalene worked as the best leader of Christianity after Jesus ascended to heaven. Second, the confrontation between Mary Magdalene and the male disciples in the Gospel of Mary Magdalene symbolizes the confrontation between the Gnosticism and the Orthodox Church in the second centuries. Because it is hard to say that the Orthodox Church implemented the policy of lowering and suppressing women until the extinction of the church of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. After 70 A.D., the Orthodox Church carried out a policy of suppressing women, and it seems that some of the believers who had opposed that policy accepted Gnostic theology. They fought against the Orthodox Church by setting Mary Magdalene as their spokesman, and wrote the Gospel of Mary Magdalene for that struggle. (Kunsan National University / gmjung@kunsan.ac.kr)

연장된 이단계 보증모형에 대한 비용 분석

정기문(Ki Mun Jung) 한국자료분석학회 2021 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.23 No.6

Jung, Park, Park(2015)은 수리가 가능한 시스템(repairable system)에 대하여 이단계 보증(two-phase warranty)을 고려하였는데, 이는 교체보증(replacement warranty)과 최소수리보증(minimal repair warranty)으로 구성되는 일반적인 형태의 기본보증(original warranty) 모형이다. 즉, 시스템에 주어진 이단계 보증 하에서는 보증기간이 두 구간으로 구분되는데, 보증기간의 첫 번째 구간에서는 재생교체보증이 주어지고, 두 번째 구간에서는 최소수리보증이 주어진다. 한편, 최근에는 기본보증이 종료된 이후에 주어지는 연장된 보증(extended warranty)에 대하여 사용자와 생산자의 관심이 커지고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본 논문에서는 이단계 보증 하에서의 네 종류의 연장된 보증모형을 고려하였다. 수리가 가능한 시스템에 대하여 주어지는 연장된 이단계 보증(extended two-phase warranty) 하에서 보증기간 동안에 발생되는 생산자 측면의 총기대보증비용(expected total warranty cost)을 유도하였다. 그리고 시스템의 수명분포(life distribution), 기본보증, 연장된 보증, 교체비용 (replacement cost), 최소수리비용(minimal repair cost)이 주어져 있을 때 총기대보증비용을 구하고 이를 비교하였다. Jung, Park, Park(2015) consider the two-phase warranty for a repairable system. The two-stage warranty is a general type of original warranty model consisting of a replacement warranty and a minimal repair warranty. That is, under the two-phase warranty, the warranty period is divided into two intervals, one of which is for renewing replacement warranty, and the other is for minimal repair warranty. And, an extended warranty is becoming increasingly popular to the manufacturer and user. In this respect, we consider the four types of extended warranty models under the two-phase warranty. We derive the expressions for the expected total warranty cost from the manufacturer’s point of view during the warranty period for the extended two-phase warranty models. Given the system s life distribution, basic warranty, extended warranty, replacement cost, and minimal repair cost, the expected total warranty cost was determined and compared.