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중소기업의 관계형 대출 연구 : 미국 SSBF를 중심으로
정균승 한국산업경제학회 2010 산업경제연구 Vol.23 No.4
본 연구는 미국 중기청과 연방준비제도 이사회의 2003년 SSBF 설문조사를 토대로 중소기업 관계형 대출을 분석하였다. 특히 최근 글로벌 금융위기로 금융기관의 보수적 대출 관행과 정보의 비대칭하에서 자금수급상 어려움을 겪고 있는 우리나라 중소기업 금융발전을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 분석결과에 따르면 관계형성기간을 의미하는 관계형 금융은 대출금리 및 가산 금리의 인하를 유도하여 정보축적에 의한 이익 공유가 현실적으로 발생하고 있다. 반면에 은행의 집중도는 대출 금리의 증가현상을 유발하고 있어 최근 은행의 대형화 및 글로벌화 전략이 중소기업 자금조달비용의 증가를 초래하고 있음을 발견했다. 한편 국내에서는 관계형 금융의 주요 공급기관들이 외환위기 당시부터 상당수 퇴출되었고 금융당국의 글로벌화 및 대형화 전략에 따라 관계형 금융은 더욱 위축되었다. 따라서 관계형 금융이 정보의 비대칭에 의해 시장실패의 가능성이 큰 중소기업 영역에서 자금조달비용의 인하에 효과적인 대안이기 때문에 금융위기로 인한 내수경기 침체와 중소기업의 내부적 유동성경색현상을 극복하기 위해서 관계형 금융에 의한 새로운 대출시스템을 정립해야 한다. This paper investigates the relationship banking for SMEs by utilizing 2003 SSBF(Survey of Small Busienss Finances) data released by the Board of Governors and SBA including SME (fewer than 200 employees) information on owner characteristics, financial services, income and balance sheets. Current economic stagnation resulted from the low domestic demand and struggling business investment makes SMEs difficult to get external lending from financial intermediaries in Korea. The contribution of this paper is to suggest the vision of SME financing to foster unknown small businesses to world best SMEs in future by elucidating strong points of relationship lending comparing to that of arm's length banking. According to the results of regressions, relationship explained by the length of relationship between bank and firm, lowers interest rate and spread which implies the benefit of information accumulation in the course of relationship banking. On the other hand, the level of banking market consolidation, general trend of banking industry increases the cost of loan in the end. During 1997 of Asian currency crisis, Korean government restructured mainly relationship banking intermediaries such as regional banks, credit institutions, mutual savings banks, and merchant banking corporations. This decision may result in ex-ante adverse selection and ex-post morale hazard in SME financing where asymmetric information prevails. Because relationship lending plays a pivotal role in SME financing which is generally regarded as market failure, I should establish new lending system founded on the relationship banking in order to mitigate liquidity crunch for SMEs.
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西海岸 時代와 全北地域 經濟의 發展方向에 關한 硏究 : With Special Emphasis on Fostering Small and Medium Enterprises
鄭秀鎭,鄭均勝,鄭甲源 圓光大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.1
This study aims at providing effective policy measures for activating Chunbuk province economy, which has relatively lagged behind other regions in the nation, focusing on the fostering of small and medium enterprises in the region. More precisely, this sutdy emphasizes the need and importance of local smaller firms, examines the present situations and problems of those enterprises, and proposes practical measures for vitalizing the economy of Chunbuk area. In this regard, this study refers to sundry records on regional developement and local enterprises and investigates the actual condions of smaller firms in the region. In other to analyze managers' consciousness and business condions, this study also makes a servey of interview test on small and medium enterprises, which employ less than 300 persons. As the result, this study proposes following alternatives in other to vitalize Chunbuk province economy. Firstly, industrial struture should be changed from right industries to manufacturing ones that can produce higher value-added products. Secondly, Chunbuk province should invite industries which have greater industrial linkage effects. Considering the regional charactetistics of this province, it is urgely needed to invite processing-and assembly-industries, which habe higher value-added and greater industrial linkage effects. Thirdly, the central government should strengthen its supporting policies. To put it concretely, it is desirable for the govenment to magnify its supporting programs mainly related to both taxes and monetary systems and provide positive and systematic supporting plans on exporting activities by local enterprises. Finally, local business firms should try to diversify their operations. To make this sense, sustainning information and technologies from the government and authorities concerned must be consistently provided. Especilly considering the general economic conditions of the district, Chunbuk province should attract agricultural and marine products processing plants in the region. Mean while, it is needed to develop industries related to tourism for the purpose of inducing foreign tourists and extend airport and harbor facilities, preparing for full-scale trade with mainland china. With this regard, managers from small and medium enterprises should respond to the rapidly changing international business circumstances by resolutely improving their industrial structure and introducing rational management methods.
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