스포츠심리학 : 관찰훈련 제공이 학습자의 탐색능력 발달에 미치는 영향

정구인(KooInJung) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.3

It is not easy for the learners to obtain the helpful information about the task. If we can find some specific information and inquire the methods to deal with the cues, we are able to offer a lot of information to them now under a training program. Therefore, we need to offer such information directly and definitely to distinguish the differences of task, so that the learners can correct the errors. The purpose of this study is the understanding of the differences of the effects on the improvement of the learners’ observational training, which comes from the observational training. The subjects were the 80 college male students who took the gymnasium classes for 12 weeks.The two types of contents of the class are the ‘neck spring’ (NS) and the ‘head spring’ (HS). The pretest is done after administering the same contents for the purpose of both understanding conception and detecting errors in the contents analysis.Thus, after subject’s observational training, t-test was utilized to determine the differences of the learner’s detecting ability. The rates of detecting errors of the experimental group is outstandingly higher than those of the control group on both classes: NS and HS. After the experimental group was trained for the conceptional understanding of the study subject, pretest and posttest were given to both groups. The results of this study indicate that the observation training had highly positive impact on the development of the learner’s detecting ability.

중등 체육교사의 정서적 소진과 냉소주의: 교사 효능감과 완벽주의 성향의 매개 및 중재효과

정구인(KooInJung),박중길(JungGilPark) 한국체육학회 2011 한국체육학회지 Vol.50 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 중고등학교 체육교사들의 정서적 소진과 냉소주의에 영향을 미치는 교사 효능감과 다차원적 완벽주의 성향의 매개 및 중재효과를 검증하는 것이다. 576명의 남녀 체육교사(남자=472명, 여자=104명)가 교사 효능감, 다차원적 완벽주의, 그리고 직무 탈진을 측정하는 검사지에 응답하였다. 일련의 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 교사 효능감 수준은 자기 지향적, 사회적으로 부과된, 그리고 타인 지향적 완벽주의 성향을 통해서 뿐만 아니라 직접적으로 체육교사들의 정서적 소진과 냉소주의에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 체육교사들의 직무 탈진에 대한 교사 효능감과 완벽주의 성향의 상호작용 효과를 검증한 결과, 교사 효능감 수준과 자기 지향적 완벽주의 성향이 모두 낮은 체육교사들이 냉소주의 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과는 체육교사의 직무 탈진에 영향을 미치는 교사 효능감과 완벽주의 성향의 교육적 시사점에 대하여 논의되었다. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of teacher efficacy and multidimensional perfectionism to teachers’ emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in secondary school physical education. 576 teachers (472 males, 104 females) completed measures of teacher efficacy, multidimensional perfectionism, and occupational burnout. The main analysis of the data were conducted by means of a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses as well as moderated regression. Direct teacher efficacy influence as well as perfectionism mediated influence were observed as illustrated by a direct negative influence of teacher efficacy on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, mediated by the self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism. Especially, the self-oriented perfectionism also moderated the influence of teacher efficacy on depersonalization. Results lend support to the multidimensional perfectionism perspective in school context by showing differential burnout influences of perfectionism and the perfectionism influences to be mediators between teacher efficacy influence and physical educators’ burnout.

인문 · 사회과학편 : 성별과 대상별 기계체조 선수들의 정신력 특성

정구인(KooInJUNG) 한국체육학회 1993 한국체육학회지 Vol.32 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental tougness of gymnasts and to suggest ways of performance enhancement using Loehr’s AET(Athletic Excellent Training) program. Subjects were ninety-eight male(middle school:21, high school:36, college:41) and eighty-two deviations, two-way ANOVAs were employed to analyze the data.The major findings of this study were as follows;Arousal control, Attention control were significant between high school and college gymnasts.High school gymnasts showed lower score than that of college gymnasts(P<.05). Imagery score of middle school group was significantly lower than that of college gymnasts(P<.05), Attitude control showed significantly different among groups and post hoc results indicate that the score of Attitude control middle school group was lower than that of high school and college gymnasts groups(P<.05).In general Self-confidence, Arousal control, Attention control level, which are important factors of gymnastics, were lower then the norm of AET.Since Imagery, Motivation level, Positive energy, Attitude control level of middle school groups were very low, we’ve got to have a reguler mental tougness training program systematicaly to improve female middle school gymnasts performance.

스포츠심리학 : 단계별 관찰기술 훈련이 학습자의 시각적 탐색능력 향상에 미치는 영향

정구인(KooInJung) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.4

The purpose of this research is to find out the differences of the effect of the training for learner's observational skills by motion phases on the enhancement of learner's visual search strategy. The samples were the 89 college male students(the control group: 54/ the experimental group: 35) who took the gymnasium class for 12 weeks.The task was the ‘Forward handspring’ of the floor exercise and the pre-examination was done after offering the same content for the purpose of both error detect of the given task and learner's cognitive understanding in the task analysis. After training to enhance learner's cognitive understanding to the task of the critical cues related to the effective performance, which were found out through the process of the task analysis of the experimental group, the post-test, as the pre-test, were administered to both groups.After detect training, t-test was utilized to compare the differences of learner's observational skills detect ability. As a result, the experimental group is outstandingly higher than the control group in the detect error rating. Consequently, the result of this research indicated that the training for developing learner's observational skills had highly positive effect on the development of the learners' search ability.

체육 학습동기화 전략 질문지의 구인 동등성과 잠재평균 차이

정구인(KooInJung),박중길(JungGilPark) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 체육 학습동기화 전략의 개념적 구조를 탐색하기 위해 박중길과 이경환(2012)이 중학교 체육수업상황으로 번안하여 사용한 Pintrich와 DeGroot(1990)의 학습동기화 전략 질문지(MSLQ)의 구인 동일성과 잠재평균 차이를 비교하는 것이다. 851명의 남녀 중ㆍ고등학생이 설문에 참여하였으며, 자료는 기술통계, 탐색적 요인분석, 내적일관성 분석, 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 다집단 분석을 통해 분석되었다. 확인적 요인분석의 결과 5요인(동기적 신념=자기 효능감, 내적 가치, 평가불안; 자기조절전략=인지전략 사용, 자기조절) 23문항으로 구성된 체육 학습동기전략의 개념적 구조가 확증되었고, 검사-재검사를 통한 시간적 안정성도 매우 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 성별과 학년급간 잠재평균분석의 결과 모든 요인에서 남학생이 여학생보다 높고, 고등학생이 중학생보다 자기 효능감 수준이 더 높았다. 본 결과는 체육 상황으로 차용된 학습동기화 질문지가 남녀 중ㆍ고등학생들의 학습전략을 평가하는데 공통적으로 사용될 수 있는 측정도구임을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate cross-validity of the constructs of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) modified into physical education context and its relations with behavioral regulations in order to explore conceptual structures of students' motivated strategies for learning in secondary school physical education classes. 851 secondary students participated in the study. For data, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, multiple-group analysis were conducted. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the conceptual structures of motivated strategies for learning in physical education, which consist of 23items with five sub-factors(motivational beliefs=self-efficacy, intrinsic value, evaluation anxiety; self-regulation strategies=use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation), were confirmed. Its temporal stability through test-retest was examined. The results of latent mean analysis cross gender and grade indicated that in all factors boys were higher than girls and high school students were higher in self-efficacy than middle school students. Especially, motivational beliefs were significant predictors of students' behavioral regulation in physical education classes.

청소년 학생선수를 위한 운동 탈진 질문지(ABQ)의 요인 동일성과 잠재평균 검증

박중길(JungGilPark),정구인(KooInJung) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 청소년 운동선수를 위해 운동 탈진 질문지(ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001)의 요인 동일성을 검증하고 집단 간 잠재평균 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상은 체육중ㆍ고등학교 운동선수 607명(남자=389명, 여자=218명)이었다. 자료는 기술통계, 확인적 요인분석 및 다집단 분석을 통해 처리되었다. 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 3요인 13문항으로 구성된 측정모형이 자료에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다(X^2=443.79, df=62, Q=7.15, TLI=.906, CFI=.930, RMSEA=.076). 다집단 분석의 결과 측정모형은 운동선수들의 성별, 학년, 운동경력 및 스포츠 유형 간 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 잠재평균분석의 결과 정서적/신체적 소진과 성취감 저하와 평가절하 수준은 운동선수의 성별과 스포츠 유형 간 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 고등학교 선수가 중학생 선수들보다 더 높은 정서적/신체적 소진과 성취감 저하와 평가절하 수준을 보였다. 또한 4년 이상 오랫동안 운동에 참여한 선수들이 더 높은 정서적/신체적 소진과 평가절하 수준을 보였다. 본 결과는 한국판 운동 탈진 질문지가 체육중ㆍ고등학교 남녀 학생선수들의 탈진을 측정하는데 적합한 도구임을 시사하며, 심리측정학적 문제와 후속 연구방향과 관련하여 논의되었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factorial invariance and its latent means of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire(ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001) for the use of adolescent student-athletes. Participants were 607 physical education middle and high school athletes(389 males, 218 females). For data descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and multigroup analysis were conducted. Results of confirmatory factor analyses showed that three-factor model with 13 items was the most adequate fit for the data(X^2=443.79, df=62, Q=7.15, TLI=.906, CFI=.930, RMSEA=.076). Results of multigroup analyses indicated that the three-factor measurement models were invariant across gender, grade, athletic career, and sport types samples. Results of latent mean analyses indicated that the levels of emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and devaluation were no differences across gender and sport type samples, but high school athletes showed a higher mean than middle school athletes on the emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and devaluation scores. Also, athletes participating in sports more than 4 years showed a higher mean on the emotional/physical exhaustion and devaluation scores. Findings suggest that the Athletic Burnout Questionnaire is a valid and reliable inventory for measuring the physical education middle and high school athletes. The results were discussed with its psychometric issues and future directions.

무용수행시 정서표현의 억제 및 활성화 요인 탐색

정승혜(SeungHyeJung),정구인(KooInJung) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 무용수행시 정서표현에 영향을 미치는 심리적 요인으로 억제 및 활성화 요인을 개념화하고 구조를 분석함으로써 정서표현력을 높이기 위한 무용수행의 동기적, 환경적 측면에 정보를 제공하는 데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 문헌연구와 개방형 설문조사, 전문가 회의를 실시하여 요인을 추출하고 범주화 하였다. 추출된 요인에 대한 평균과 표준편차, 신뢰도를 산출하고 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 요인을 축소화시키고 개념화 하였다. 그리고 탐색적 요인분석 결과를 토대로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 추출된 요인을 구조화시키고 한 개의 개념을 목표로 구조의 적합성을 검증하였다. 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 무용수행시 정서표현의 억제요인으로 추출된 23종의 심리요인은 5개 요인으로 구조화되었으며, 최종적으로 교육환경, 남의시선, 소통부족, 기술성, 신체상태 등의 심리요인으로 명명하였다. 둘째, 무용수행시 정서표현의 활성화요인으로 추출된 19종의 심리요인은 4개의 요인으로 구조화되었으며, 최종적으로 몰입과 재미, 정서조절과 이해, 수행분위기, 칭찬과 유능감 등의 심리요인으로 명명하였다. The purpose of this study is to extract the inhibiting and activating psycholoigical factors of emotional expression of a dance performance; conceptualize them; and analyze their structure. This is to provide information on the motivational and environment aspects of dance performances, ultimately to maximize dance student´s and professional dancers’ emotional expressiveness. Literature review, open-ended surveys, and expert meetings were employed to extract and categorize the factors. Surveys were conducted on the extracted factors to produce an average, standard deviation, and confidence interval for each factor, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to reduce the number of and conceptualize the factors. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to structuralize the extracted factors, and suitability of the structure was verified to clarify the concept of inhibiting and stimulating psychological factors during dance performance. The following conclusion was made as a result of analysis. First, the inhibiting factors of emotional expression during dance performances were structuralize as five factors and 23 kinds of psychological factors. The finally extracted inhibiting factors include educational environment, being watched by others, lack of communication, technical element, and physical condition. Second, the activating factors of emotional expression during dance performances were structuralize as four factors and 19 kinds of psychological factors. The finally extracted activating factors include immersion and fun, emotional control and understanding, performance mood, and encouragement and sense of competence.

e-Sports 게임 수행 능력에 따른 뇌파 변화 비교

오현숙(HyunSookOh),김상규(SangGyuKim),김기현(GyHyunKim),정구인(KooInJung) 한국체육학회 2008 한국체육학회지 Vol.47 No.5

본 연구는 초등학생 40명을 e-Sports 숙련집단과 초보집단으로 나누어 e-Sports 활동 시의 두뇌기능 상태를 뇌파를 통해 살펴보고자 하였다. 뇌파 측정은 게임 전, 구축 시, 공격 시, 게임 후 총 4차에 걸쳐 각 3분씩 측정하였으며 측정부위는 10/20 국제 전극배치법에 따라 Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, O1, O2 위치에 부착하였다. 측정 된 뇌파는 주파수 필터링과 ICA(독립성분분석)에 의해 잡파가 제거되었고 주파수별 상대파워 스펙트럼을 구하였다. 집단 간 두뇌 부위와 게임 단계에 따른 상대파워 스펙트럼의 차이를 비교하기 위하여 반복측정 이원분산분석을 실시하였고, 분석 결과 알파파는 게임 전보다 게임 시에 유의하게 줄어들었으며 주요 출현부위는 후두엽이었다. 숙련집단은 초보집단보다 게임 후에 알파파 출현이 유의하게 높았다. 베타파는 주로 F3와 T3 부위에서 출현하였으며 게임 전보다 게임 시에 유의하게 높아져 e-Sports 활동 시의 주요 뇌파는 베타파임을 보여주었다. 특히 초보집단은 게임 후의 안정 시에까지 베타파의 활성이 유의하게 높았다. The purpose of this study was to examine changes of the brain functions through electroencephalogram (EEG), while the subjects were engaged in 'e-Sports' activity. The experts group (n=22) and the novices group (n=18) who are fifth, sixth grade elementary school students, were selected. EEG was measured before 'e-Sports' activity, during 'e-Sports' activity, after 'e-Sports' activity and eight EEG electrode parts included Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, O1, O2. Independent Component analysis (ICA) was carried out for the recorded EEG data, and then calculated of theta, alpha, beta relative power spectrum. The EEG data measured and analyzed was implemented the repeated measure two-way ANOVA. ; as a result of alpha relative power analysis, the experts group and the novices group all showed significant lower value during 'e-Sports' activity than before 'e-Sports' activity and after 'e-Sports' activity. also, alpha wave mostly appeared at the occipital lobe. as a result of beta relative power analysis, the experts group showed a significant difference between before and after 'e-Sports' activity and during 'e-Sports' activity. The novices group showed significant difference between before 'e-Sports' activity and after 'e-Sports' activity as well as between before and after 'e-Sports' activity and during 'e-Sports' activity.