하수처리수 관개후 벼재배 시험구에서 지표미생물 거동 분석

정광욱 ( Jeong Gwang Ug ),윤춘경 ( Yun Chun Gyeong ),전지홍 ( Jeon Ji Hong ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ) 한국하천호수학회 2004 생태와 환경 Vol.37 No.1

A study was performed to examine the effects of UV-disinfected reclaimed water on microorganism concentration during rece culture. Four treatments were used and each one was triplicated to evaluate the changes of microorganism concentrations; stream water irrigation (STR), biofilter effluent irrigation (BE), UV-disinfected water irrigation with dose of 6㎽·s ㎝_(-2)(UV-6), and UV-disinfected water irrigation with dose of 16㎽·s ㎝_(-2)(UV-16). The indicator microorganisms of interest were total coliform(TC),fecal coliform(FC), and E. coli. The biofilter effluent from 16-unit apartment sewage treatment plant was used as reclaimed water and flow-through type UV-disinfection system was used. Concentrations of indicator microorganisms in the treatment plots ranged from 10²to 10^(5)MPN/100mL during 24 hours after irrigation in May and June, where initial irrigation water for transplanting preparation was biofilter-effluent without UV-disinfection. It implies that initial irrigation using only non-disinfected reclaimed water for puddling in paddy field can be health-concerned because of more chance of farmer`s physical contact with elevated concentration of microorganisms. The concentrations of microorganisms varied widely with rainfall, and treatments using UV-disinfected water irrigation showed significantly lower concentrations than others and their levels were within the range of paddy rice field with normal surface water irrigation. The mean concentrations of STR and BE during growing season were in the range of 4×10³MPN/100mL for TC, and 2×10³MPN/100mL for FC and E. Coli. while mean concentrations of UV-6 and UV-16 were less than 1×10³MPN/100mL for all the indicator microorganisms. Overall, UV-disinfection was thought to be feasible and practical alternative for agricultural reuse of secondary level effluent in Korea.

농업적 용수재이용 수질기준을 고려한 적정 하수재처리에 관한 연구

윤춘경 ( Yun Chun Gyeong ),정광욱 ( Jeong Gwang Ug ),전지홍 ( Jeon Ji Hong ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3

Water quality of effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was reviewed to examine the feasibility of agricultural reuse using USEPA and WHO guidelines. It might meet the guidelines for BOD and SS, however, the most critical microbiological concentration was too high and further treatment is required. The pilot study of three treatments were performed to reduce microbiological concentrations. The UV irradiation was proved to be very effective in disinfection of secondary lever effluent, and about 30mW?s/cm² of dose was suggested to meet the even most stringent USEPA guidelines. Slow sand filter demonstrated effective removal of bacteria, and effluent concentration of total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli. dropped from about 10,000/100mL to 300, 200, and 150 MPN/100mL, respectively, showing over 95% removal. Thses level of bacterial concentration sufficiently meet the WHO guidelines (10³~106(5) FC/100mL), and could meet the more stringent USEPA guidelines (200FC/100mL) if properly applied. Slow sand filter also provided about 50% removal of SS, turbidity, and BOD in addition to bacterial removal. The removal efficiency of pond system was relatively poor, but still showed over 85% removal and effluent concentration of TC, FC, and E. coli was all below 1,000/100mL. The pond system alone could meet the WHO guidelines, but hardly meet the USEPA guidelines and further treatment might be necessary. Overall, three methods evaluated in the study treat the effluent to meet the WHO microbiological guidelines for agricultural reuse. The UV disinfection and slow sand filter might also could the USEPA guidelines, while the pond system can hardly meet the USEPA guidelines if applied alone. The WHO and USEPA guidelines were made based on data from upland field agricultural system and may not be directly applicable to the paddy field agricultural system. Therefore, national standards for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water should be made considering domestic agricultural systems as well as international guidelines. Also, further investigation is recommended to develop optimum and feasible treatment measures for agricultural reuse of effluent from WWTPs.

대전광역시와 전라남도의 양봉실태와 양봉가의 의식 조사

정년기(Nyun Ki Chung),황인수(In Su Hwang),박상국(Sang Guk Park),정광욱(Gwang Ug Jeong) 한국양봉학회 2011 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

A questionary survey was made to evaluate the management of honeybee-keeping and the consciousness on the motivation and the satisfaction of beekeepers in Daejeon and Jeollanamdo. Of 231 survey respondents between February and May 2010, 91.3% was ‘male’, 8.7% was ‘female’, 39.4% was level of ‘high school’, 94.4% was ‘married’, 48.1% was ‘full-time’ service, 48.1% was ‘shifting’ apiary, 26.0% was ‘16∼20 years’ tenure, 34.6% was ‘farmer’ to previous job, 44.2% was ‘50 and less’ hives, 68.0% was ‘open yard’, 16.0% was ‘3 times’ shifting, 37.7% was ‘50% and over’ production cost, 57.6% was ‘1st super’ hives, 87.0% was ‘direct sale’, 40.3% was sell ‘propolis extract’, 22.9% fed ‘sugar syrup’, 89.2% was ‘white sugar’, 86.6% fed ‘substitutive pollen’, 45.5% was ‘3~4 times’ honey harvesting, 30.3% was ‘10kg and less’ output, 77.9% was ‘ripeness’ honey, 62.3% produced ‘propolis’, 43.7% was ‘un-sufficient honey plant’, 40.2% was ‘distrust’ of customers, 75.8% was distributed ‘fake honey’ 41.1% was ‘conscience of prod ucer’ for creditibility improvement, 54.0% was ‘bad condition’, 73.2% was participate ‘Korean beekeeping association’, 35.5% was motivate ‘hobby’, 45.5% was ‘satisfaction’, 53.7% was not recommend ‘to offspring’. The difference between urban (Daejeon) and rural (Jeollanamdo) areas was age, career mode, types of apiary and sale of propolis extract.

꿀벌 질병 진단과 치료에 대한 양봉가의 의식

정년기 ( Nyun Ki Chung ),황인수 ( In Su Hwang ),박상국 ( Sang Guk Park ),정광욱 ( Gwang Ug Jeong ) 한국동물위생학회 2011 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.34 No.1

This study was designed to evaluate the beekeeper`s consciousness for diagnosis and treatment on a disease of honey-bee in Daejeon and Jeollanamdo in Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions. Of 231 randomly selected respondents between February and May 2010, 47.6% was consult a ``club (colleague)``, 89.2% treated a ``doctoring oneself``, 84.4% was recognize a bee as ``domestic animal``, 77.5% was not recognize a veterinarian as field of treatment, 38.5% was acquire know-how by a beekeeper. Therefore these results suggest that the beekeepers are relying a lot on individuals experience for the diagnosis and treatment on the disease of honey-bee, the apiculture techniques was gained much by oneself. Korean beekeeping association was played a role as well, but related-university, agriculture research & extension services and veterinary service laboratory was not played a role in the country.

2차처리수의 농업용수로 재이용을 위한 UV 처리 후 지표미생물의 회복 조사

윤춘경 ( Yun Chun Gyeong ),황하선 ( Hwang Ha Seon ),정광욱 ( Jeong Gwang Ug ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ) 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.5

A pilot study was performed to examine the repair of indicator microorganisms after UV irradiation for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. The effluent of biofilter for 16-unit apartment was used as input to the UV disinfection system, and average SS and BOD concentration were 3.4 and 5.9 mg/L, respectively. and the mean level of total coliform was in the range of 1.0×10₄MPN/100mL. Two UV doses of 6 and 16 mW·s/㎠ were applied and microorganism repair was monitored under the dark, photoreactivating light, and sun light. Microorganism repair was observed in the UV dose of 6 mW·s/㎠ , and numbers increased up to 5% at the photoreactivating light and 1 % at the dark. However, microorganisms were inactivated rather than reactivated at the sun light and numbers decreased to non-detectible level in 4 hours. In the case of 16 mW·s/㎠ , microorganism repair was not observed indicating that UV dose might affect the repair process. Therefore, concerns associated with microorganism repair could be controlled by sufficient UV dose application. Agricultural reuse of reclaimed water might be even less concerned due to exposure to the sun light which could further inactivate microorganisms. The pilot study result is encouraging, however, sanitary concern in water reuse is so critical that more comprehensive investigation is recommended.