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양친성 그래프트 공중합체의 탄소나노튜브 분산제로의 이용
김종학(Jong Hak Kim),전하림(Ha Rim Jeon),안성훈(Sung Hoon Ahn),지원석(Won Seok Chi) 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.6
탄소나노튜브(CNT)는 뛰어난 전기적, 물리적인 특성으로 인해 차 세대 소재로서 관심을 끌어 왔다. 그러나 탄소나노튜브들 사이에는 본질 적으로 강한 소수성 상호작용이 내재하여 불규칙한 결합체를 생성하기 때 문에 다양한 분야로의 응용이 어려웠다. 본 연구에서는 양친성 가지형 공 중합체, poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate), PVC-g-POEM를 합성하였고 극성 용매에서 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 분 산시킬 수 있는 용이한 방법을 제시하였다. PVC-g-POEM는 원자전달 라디칼중합(ATRP)으로 중합되었고 gel permeation chromatography (GPC)와 1H NMR spectroscopy를 통해 성공적인 합성되었음을 확인하 였다. 단일벽 탄소나노튜브는 분산제인 PVC-g-POEM와의 친화력으로 인해 극성 용매 dimethylsiloxane(DMSO)에서 균일하게 분산되었으며 transmission electron microscopy(TEM) 분석으로 단일벽 탄소나노튜 브와 PVC-g-POEM의 상호작용으로 생성된 나노복합체의 분산 형태를 관찰하였다. 또한 용매증발 과정을 거쳐 우수한 균질성을 보이는 freestanding 나노복합체 막을 제조하였다. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) draw attention as promising materials due to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, the intrinsic strong interaction between CNTs presents a challenge to their use in various applications. Here, we present a facile method to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a polar solution using a graft copolymer, poly(vinyl chloride)- graft-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate), PVC-g-POEM. The graft copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The SWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in a polar solvent such as dimethylsiloxane (DMSO) using PVC-g-POEM as a dispersant, due to interaction between CNT and the graft copolymer, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Upon removal of the solvent, free standing nanocomposite films with good homogeneity were obtained.
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의약품 급여기준 외 사용에 대한 본인부담 경감방안 도입 타당성에 대한 전문가 의견 조사 결과
김동숙 ( Kim Dong Sook ),전하림 ( Jeon Ha Rim ),김병수 ( Kim Seong-ok ),김성옥 한국보건경제정책학회 2017 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.23 No.2
Background and Objective: The selective benefit, introduced in June 2013, is a new copayment system to cover 50~80% of expenditures of pharmaceuticals which are not essential but with social demand. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of introducing a selective benefit by conducting an expert opinion survey. Method: Expert opinion surveys were conducted from May 4, 2015 to May 17, 2015. We distributed questionnaire to members of the Health and Medical Technology Evaluation Society, members of the Health, Social and Pharmacy Management Association, citizen group and member of patient group. As a result, 30 responded(response rate 23.1%). The questionnaire was based on the assumption that the four types of severe disease drug selective benefit introduction, and the opinions on the measures to reduce the burden on the user based on the criteria, application method. Results: Of the 30 respondents, 56.7% of the total respondents represented neutral opinion on introduction of drug selective benefits, 30% agreed with the introduction of selective benefits, and 13.3% disagreed. The evaluation items should be related to clinical utility, cost of medication, social needs. As for alternative plan to reduce patients` financial burden, 38.9% of respondents answered it is needed to strengthen upper limit for copayment, another 38.9% of respondents answered it is needed patient-based special fund, and 19.4% of respondents answered it is not necessary to introduce another support. Conclusion: To increase the coverage rate of the health insurance, it is more adequate to expand financial support on the basis of patients` level rather than introducing drug selective benefit scheme.
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의약품 처방·조제지원서비스(Drug Utilization Review)사업이 병용금기 처방률에 미치는 영향
김동숙 ( Dong Sook Kim ),박주희 ( Ju Hee Park ),전하림 ( Ha Rim Jeon ),박찬미 ( Chan Mi Park ),강현아 ( Hyeun Ah Kang ) 한국보건행정학회 2014 보건행정학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Background: Since December 2010, online computerized prospective drug utilization review (pDUR) has been implemented in Korea. pDUR involves the review of each prescription before the medication is dispensed to the individual patient. The pDUR is performed electronically by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), which is a Korean governmental agency, and then HIRA provides medical institutions and pharmacies with information that can be helpful to them in preventing potential drug problems such as drug/drug interactions or ingredient duplication. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Korean pDUR implementation on the proportion of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) using claims data from HIRA. Methods: A before-after comparison of the prevalence of DDIs between prescription was conducted, using HIRA administrative claims data of medical institution from January 2010 to December 2011. The analysis unit was the prescription issued and pairs before and after. The main outcome measures were the proportion of DDIs within- (control group) or between- physician encounters. To examine the difference, a paired t-test was applied. Results: We found that DDIs proportion between prescription decreased significantly (t=3.04, p=0.0026) after the implementation of pDUR, whereas there is no significant reduction within prescription (t=1.15, p=0.2518). With respect to the prevalence of DDIs between drug groups, the most dramatic reduction was occurred between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and anti-fungal agents. Conclusion: It seems effective that giving a direct feedback to prescribers by a prospective DUR. Further research is needed to assess the impact of DUR to final outcomes such as hospitalization.
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