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용존유기탄소의 δ<sup>13</sup>C : 분석시 고형화 전처리 방법 비교 알칼린 과황산칼륨산화 탄산침전과 동결건조
전병준,박현진,최우정,박용세,이상모,윤광식,Jeon, Byeong-Jun,Park, Hyun-Jin,Choi, Woo-Jung,Park, Yong-Se,Lee, Sang-Mo,Yoon, Kwang-Sik 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.2
DOC의 ${\delta}^{13}C$은 수질 오염원 규명에 활용할 수 있는 매우 유용한 지표이다. 본 연구에서는 안정성동위원소비 질량분석기(EA-SIRMS)를 이용하여 DOC의 ${\delta}^{13}C$을 분석할 때 사용하는 두 가지 전처리방법 (과황산칼륨산화-$SrCO_3$침전법과 동결건조법)의 정확도를 비교 평가하였다. 표준물질로는 글루코스(${\delta}^{13}C$; $-12.0{\pm}0.02$‰)와 돈분퇴비 침출액 건조분말(${\delta}^{13}C$; $-23.3{\pm}0.04$‰)을 사용하였다. 과황산칼륨산화-$SrCO_3$ 침전법에서는 용액의 알칼리성에 의해 DIC 제거가 어렵고 공기 중 $CO_2$의 영향에 의해 시료가 오염되어 분석결과의 정확도가 매우 낮았다. 반면, 동결건조법은 산 첨가에 의해 제거가 가능하였고, 측정값과 이론값의 상관관계가 매우 높아 실험조건별로 표준물질을 이용하여 측정값을 이론값에 근접하게 보정할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, EA-SIRMS를 이용하여 DOC의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 분석시 동결건조법으로 시료를 전처리하면 분석결과의 정확도를 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND: The carbon (C) isotope ratio (${\delta}^{13}C$) of dissolved organic C (DOC) is an indicator of water pollution source. In this study, the potential use of two pre-treatments for the ${\delta}^{13}C$ analysis, alkaline persulfate oxidation coupled with carbonate precipitation (precipitation) and freeze drying (drying), were compared to suggest a more feasible pre-treatment method. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two reference materials with different ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were used for the experiments; chemical grade glucose ($-12.0{\pm}0.02$‰) and pig manure compost extract ($-23.3{\pm}0.04$‰). In the precipitation method, the measured ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were consistently lower than the theoretically calculated values as dissolved $CO_2$ could not be removed due to the alkaline property of the reagents and the dissolution of air $CO_2$ into the alkaline solution. The drying method also resulted in more negative ${\delta}^{13}C$ than the calculated ${\delta}^{13}C$; however, the difference was systematic ($3.9{\pm}0.3$‰) and there was a strong correlation (${\delta}^{13}C_{calculated}=0.87{\times}{\delta}^{13}C_{measured}-0.624$, $r^2=0.98$) between the calculated and measured ${\delta}^{13}C$. Calibration of ${\delta}^{13}C$ using the relationship between the calculated and the measured ${\delta}^{13}C$ values produced reliable and accurate ${\delta}^{13}C$ values. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the drying method is more accurate pre-treatment method to minimize the influence of air $CO_2$ compared to the precipitation method for the determination of ${\delta}^{13}C$ of DOC.
비점원 오염 물질의 동위원소 및 원소함량의 특성을 이용한 오염원 구명 가능성 평가
전병준 ( Byeong-jun Jeon ),이세인 ( Se-in Lee ),이광승 ( Kwang-seung Lee ),임상선 ( Sang-sun Lim ),박현진 ( Hyun-jin Park ),함종현 ( Jong-hyun Ham ),윤광식 ( Kwang-sik Yoon ),최우정 ( Woo-jung Choi ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-
복합토지이용 유역은 농경지, 축산, 산림, 생활계 등 다양한 비점오염원이 산재해 있어 하천에 유입되는 비점오염물질의 배출 경로를 파악하기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 영농ㆍ축산ㆍ주거가 복합적으로 구성된 전라남도 장성군 소재의 풍영정천 유역에서 강우시 하천 유입이 가능한 오염 원인 물질인 경작지 토양(논, 밭, 과수원), 사료(임신우사료, 우사료, 계사료), 볏짚, 낙엽, 가축분(우분, 계분), 퇴비 시료를 채취하여 동위원소 및 원소함량을 분석하고 오염 지표로서의 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 토양의 경우 밭(탄소 : -25.4±0.3‰, 질소 : 9.6±0.5‰)과 과수원(탄소 : -24.2±0.8‰, 질소: 10.6±0.4‰)의 탄소, 질소동위원소비 모두 논(탄소 : -29.6±0.2‰, 질소 : 4.9±0.2‰)보다 높았는데, 이는 밭과 과수원에 탄소동위원소비가 높은 퇴비(탄소 : -24.2±1.4‰, 질소 : 16.3±0.3‰) 시용량이 많기 때문으로 판단된다. 또한, 논토양의 질소동위원소비가 낮은 이유는 혐기적 조건으로 질산화속도가 느리게 진행되어 질산염 용탈이나 탈질에 의한 질소손실이 낮고, 반면에 미생물에 의한 부동화와 재무기화가 순환적으로 일어나기 때문으로 판단된다. 토양의 총탄소, 총질소, 무기태 질소, 총인, 수용성인, 기타 금속 함량은 논, 밭, 과수원 토양에서 유의미한 차이가 없었고, 토양의 Al농도가 타 오염원보다 높았다. 농업/축산 자재 및 농림축 부산물의 탄소동위원소비 중 사료의 탄소동위원소비(-19.7±0.8‰)가 볏짚(-28.2±0.1‰)과 낙엽(-28.3±0.3‰)보다 높았는데, 이는 배합사료의 주원료가 C4 식물인 옥수수이기 때문이며, 이는 가축분뇨의 탄소동위원소비(-23.1±1.8‰)와도 상응한다. 질소동위원소비의 경우 퇴비(16.3±0.3‰)가 화학비료(-1.5±0.5‰)보다 매우 높았고, 산림 부산물인 낙엽(-0.7±0.3‰)이 농림축 부산물인 볏짚(8.1±0.9‰)과 가축분뇨(10.2±3.5‰)보다 낮았다. 그리고 농업/축산 자재 및 농림축 부산물의 원소함량 중 분뇨의 탄질비(20.3±2.8)가 퇴비(14.6±1.9)보다 높았는데, 이는 퇴비화 과정 중에서 CO<sub>2</sub> 손실에 의해 퇴비의 탄질비가 낮아졌기 때문으로 판단된다. 또한, 퇴비, 볏짚, 낙엽의 Al/(Ca+K+Mg+Na)는 각각 0.027, 0.031, 0.939로 토양(논 5.8, 밭 5.8, 과수원 6.4)보다 낮았고, (Cu+Zn)/Al는 퇴비(0.6)가 볏짚(0.09), 낙엽(0.14) 및 토양(논 0.002, 밭 0.002, 과수원 0.001)보다 상대적으로 높았다. 이와 같은 경작지 유형별 토양, 농업/축산 자재 및 농림축 부산물의 탄소, 질소동위원소비와 금속함량 차이를 이용하여 수질 비점오염의 원인과 경로를 파악할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
용존유기탄소의 δ<sup>13</sup>C 분석시 고형화 전처리 방법 비교: 알칼린 과황산칼륨산화-탄산침전과 동결건조
전병준 ( Byeong-jun Jeon ),박현진 ( Hyun-jin Park ),최우정 ( Woo-jung Choi ),박용세 ( Yong-se Park ),이상모 ( Sang-mo Lee ),윤광식 ( Kwang-sik Yoon ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.2
BACKGROUND: The carbon (C) isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of dissolved organic C (DOC) is an indicator of water pollution source. In this study, the potential use of two pre-treatments for the δ<sup>13</sup>C analysis, alkaline persulfate oxidation coupledwith carbonate precipitation (precipitation) and freeze drying (drying), were compared to suggest a more feasible pre-treatment method. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two reference materials with different δ<sup>13</sup>C values were used for the experiments; chemical grade glucose (-12.0±0.02‰) and pig manure compost extract (-23.3±0.04‰). In the precipitation method, themeasured δ<sup>13</sup>C values were consistently lower than the theoretically calculated values as dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> could not be removed due to the alkaline property of the reagents and the dissolution of air CO<sub>2</sub> into the alkaline solution. The dryingmethod also resulted inmore negative δ<sup>13</sup>C than the calculated δ<sup>13</sup>C; however, the difference was systematic (3.9±0.3‰) and therewas a strong correlation (δ <sup>13</sup>C<sub>calculated</sub>=0.87×δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>measured</sub>-0.624, r<sup>2</sup>=0.98) between the calculated andmeasured δ<sup>13</sup>C. Calibration of δ<sup>13</sup>C usingthe relationship between the calculated and themeasured δ<sup>13</sup>C values produced reliable and accurate δ<sup>13</sup>C values. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the dryingmethod is more accurate pre-treatment method to minimize the influence of air CO<sub>2</sub> compared to the precipitationmethod for the determination of δ<sup>13</sup>C of DOC.
토양환경 분야PS-05 : 수질 시료 용존유기탄소의 탄소동위원소비 분석 방법: 알칼린 과황산 산화법과 동결건조 연소법 비교
전병준 ( Byeong Jun Jeon ),함종현 ( Jong Hyun Ham ),임상선 ( Sang Sun Lim ),이광승 ( Kwang Seung Lee ),이세인 ( Se In Lee ),박현진 ( Hyun Jin Park ),유서진 ( Seo Jin Yu ),이상모 ( Sang Mo Lee ),박용세 ( Yong Se Park ),윤광식 ( Kwa 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a key parameter of water quality assessment as DOC is directly associated with biological oxygen demand (BOD). Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of DOC can be used as an indicator of the DOC sources since organic materials have distinguished δ13C values affected by their source; for example C3 vs. C4. In this study, we compared two methods (alkaline persulfate oxidation and freeze drying-combustion). For the alkaline persulfate oxidation method, glucose (-12.0‰) was used as a standard material. Glucose solution (10 mg L-1) was oxidized with alkaline persulfate (10 mL) in the presence of SrCl2 (for precipitation of CO2) under a variety experimental conditions, and then the precipitates (SrCO3) were analyzed for δ13C. The measured δ13C were -25∼-17‰ and thus the precision and reproducibility were not satisfied. For the freeze drying-combustion method, five reference materials (-23.3∼-12.0‰) were prepared by mixing glucose (-12.0‰) and compost extracts (-23.3‰). The solutions (150 mL) containing the reference materials were freeze-dried after addition of 700 mg of K2SO4 (for increasing quantity) and then the powder was analyzed for δ13C. There was a linear relationship (y=1.1328x + 6.7348, r2=0.98, P<0.001) between the calculated values (y) and measured values (x). Therefore, our study suggests that freeze drying-combustion can produce more reliable δ13C measurement compared to the conventional alkaline persulfate oxidation method.
전남 지역 농업분야 양분 지표를 이용한 수질 공간 변이 해석
전병준 ( Byeong Jun Jeon ),임상선 ( Sang Sun Lim ),이광승 ( Kwang Seung Lee ),이세인 ( Se In Lee ),함종현 ( Jong Hyun Ham ),류순호 ( Sun Ho Yoo ),윤광식 ( Kwang Sik Yoon ),최우정 ( Woo Jung Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.1
BACKGROUND: Water quality of rural areas are susceptible to agricultural nutrient input and supply such as chemical fertilizer and livestock manure. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of nutrient (N and P) indices in understanding spatial variations of water quality across Chonnam province which is a typical agricultural region in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nutrient indices including chemical fertilizer supply, livestock manure production, and nutrient balance were correlated with water quality data (T-N, T-P, BOD, and COD) for the twenty-two districts of the province. Concentration of T-N were positively correlated with chemical fertilizer supply, livestock manure N production, and nutrient balance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile, T-P concentration was not correlated with these nutrient indices; however, there was a tendency that T-P concentration increases with livestock manure P production (P=0.06) and with nutrient balance (P=0.09). These results suggest that T-N concentration is susceptible 44 to both chemical fertilizer and livestock manure; whereas T-P is likely to be affected by livestock manure rather than chemical fertilizer. The concentrations of BOD and COD were also positively (P<0.05 or P<0.01) correlated with livestock manure production. CONCLUSION: This study shows the usefulness of nutrient indices in understanding spatial variations of water quality and suggests that livestock manure rather than chemical fertilizer can be a more critical water pollution source and thus highlights the need for more attention to livestock manure treatments for rural water quality management.
전병준 ( Byeong Jun Jeon ) 국제비교한국학회 2013 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.21 No.3
This thesis tried to clarify the meaning of God in poems of In-whan Park and Su-young Kim which is thoght to be the key concept to understand their poetic core under the 1950`s. The process of God into the poems of Park is wholly related to Korean War. Although he despaired about the human as well as the divine, he managed to endure taking hope. The role of God in Kim`s poems is that it functioned as the other which made him to come to recognize himself. It made him the dialectics of the finite and the infinite, and finally helped the realizational thought.