DMZ 일원 개발사업 환경영향평가 방안 : 경기권 DMZ 및 접경지역을 중심으로

전동준,소민섭,김남형 한국환경연구원 2021 사업보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research □ The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental status and development plan of the DMZ and border areas in Gyeonggi-do. The development plan was analyzed in terms of sustainability, and the purpose is to present an environmental impact assessment of the development project planned in the Gyeonggi-do DMZ and border areas. □ Main research content ○ Collect environmental survey data on the research target area, and collect information on the general environment, natural environment, and development plan in the Gyeonggi-do DMZ and border areas. ○ Analyzes the status of development projects in the target area based on the established plan, and examines the trend in development projects in border areas between Incheon Metropolitan City and Gyeonggi-do. ○ Analyzes various environmental data, including land cover maps provided by the Environmental Information Space Service, as well as the status of the DMZ and border areas in Gyeonggi-do. Information on the development plan is collected from the Ministry of Public Administration and Security and the corresponding basic local governments in the border area between Incheon Metropolitan City and Gyeonggi-do. ○ Analyzes the environmental impact assessment, habitat quality assessment, and carbon storage for the development projects planned in the Gyeonggi-do DMZ and border areas. The evaluation criteria for each major item of the environmental impact assessment for development projects are presented. ○ To prepare for the introduction of climate impact assessment, ba database was built and the current status was analyzed. Analysis of land cover change, habitat quality assessment, and carbon storage change in the Gyeonggi-do DMZ and border areas was conducted. Future land cover changes and changes in carbon stocks were estimated, presenting a tool for policy decision-making to respond to climate change. Ⅱ. Status of Gyeonggi DMZ Border Area 1. General status of the border area □ The border area is a city or county connected to the DMZ, which is established pursuant to the Korean Armistice Agreement, passed on July 27, 1953. ○ The cities (si) or counties (gun) within the border area of Gyeonggi-do connected to the DMZ which was established pursuant to the Korean Armistice Agreement or the Northern Limit Line on the sea are Ongjin-gun, Ganghwa-gun, Gimpo-si, Paju-si, and Yeoncheon-gun. 2. Status of land use □ The border area in Gyeonggi-do comprises five sis (city)/ guns (counties) with a total area of 2,210.47㎢, consisting of 64 eups, myeons, and dongs and 1,321 tongs and ris. □ Land use status survey by each si (city)/ gun (counties) in the border area of Gyeonggi-do indicated that the urban areas account for 4.23∼36.85% of the total area, and non-urban areas account for 63.15∼95.77%. 3. Households and resident population □ According to a survey of the population status of each cities or counties within the border area of Gyeonggi-do, the number of households were 11,689~191,668 with 20,791~465,612 residents, the population per household being 1.78~2.50 and the population density being 66.0~1,654 person/㎢. 4. General environmental status □ Baekdu-daegan protected area and major ridges: None □ Status of designated parks: 339 parks □ Status of designated natural parks: One geopark □ Status of wetland protected area and Ramsar wetlands: 17 wetlands including three wetland protected areas □ Water resource protection areas: 2 □ Waterfront area: None □ Wildlife protection area: 7 □ Areas for observing ecosystem changes 8 designated areas □ Water pollution management areas: Gimpo-si, Paju-si □ Special water preservation area: None □ Air environment regulation area and air control zone: Ganghwa-gun, Paju-si □ Area Requiring Special Countermeasures for Preventing Air Pollution: None □ Areas where the installation of environment-polluting facilities is restricted: Yeoncheon-gun □ Area Requiring Countermeasures for Soil Conservation: None □ Sea conservation and special management area: Ongjin-gun, Gimpo-si □ Odor management area: None □ Mines: 108 locations □ Management area for naturally occurring asbestos: None 5. Natural environment □ Degree of eco-naturality: Second-grade areas of eco-naturality are widely distributed compared to other cities and counties. □ National environmental zoning: Most areas were evaluated as maintaining first or second-grade eco-naturality 6. Status of facilities that cause damage to the environment □ Environmental pollutant-emitting facilities: A total of 11,183 facilities including 3,262 facilities that cause air pollution (gas, dust, soot/smoke, and odor), 2,059 facilities that cause water pollution facilities (wastewater), and 5,862 facilities that generate noise and vibration □ Roads: The total length 1,671,246 m (average pavement rate 77.0%), consisting of 14,050 m of highway, 202,240 m of national road, 465,207m of local road, and 930,839 m of provincial road □ Industrial and agro-industrial complexes: 42 industrial complexes 7. Status of major protected facilities □ Cultural heritage sites: A total of 235 cultural heritage sites are distributed in the region and they include 69 state-designated cultural heritage sites, 121 local designated cultural properties, 27 cultural heritage resources, and 18 dregistered cultural heritage sites □ Water intake facilities: 19 facilities □ Water purification facilities: 21 facilities 8. Status of basic environmental facilities □ Sewage treatment plants: 17 plants □ Landfill facilities for waste: 9 facilities □ Waste incineration facilities: 8 facilities □ Public sewage treatment facilities: 24 public sewage treatment facilities with a treatment capacity of 500㎥/day or above 9. Status of socio-economic environment □ Industries: 16,676 mining and manufacturing businesses Ⅲ. Status of Development Plan and Project for Gyeonggi DMZ Border Area 1. Development plans according to entities □ Ministry of the Interior and Safety ○ The comprehensive development plan is established by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety in consideration of the Comprehensive National Land Plan, Regional Development Plan, Basic Plan for Management of Protection Zones, Seoul Metropolitan Area Readjustment Plan in accordance with the Special Act on Support for Border Area. □ Incheon-si Gyeonggi-do ○ 34 development projects are planned in the DMZ border area in Gyeonggi region. In accordance with Article 13 of the Framework Act on the National Land, Gyeonggi-do development strategies have been established ffor the growth and promotion of border and hub areas in Gyeonggi-do. 2. Development plans according to development project types □ Development plans according to project types in the DMZ border area of Gyeonggi-do include 26 road and railroad projects, six tourism complex projects, 13 industrial and logistics complexes, and 58 other projects (urban development, cableway development and power generation complex). Ⅳ. Current Status of Land Cover, Habitat Quality, and Carbon Stocks in the DMZ and Border Area in Gyeonggi Region 1. Current status of land cover and prediction of future changes □ In Ongjin-gun, an island region, the overall land cover status does not show significant changes. It is thought to be due to the geographical and topographical characteristics of Ongjin-gun, which consists of many islan areas. □ Ganghwa-gun, which is connected to the inland by a bridge, has recently been under increasing pressure for development. Since 2010, Ganghwa-gun has been connected with Gimpo-si, and the expansion of urban areas has been clearly visible in recent years. □ Yeoncheon-gun has regional characteristics as a border area, and there was little change in land cover until 2008. □ Gimpo-si and Paju-si are clearly showing the expansion of urban areas and bare land. As large-scale development projects have been carried out since 2010, the decrease in agricultural areas and the expansion of urban areas are clearly visible. 2. Habitat quality assessment □ Analysis was conducted using the InVEST model to evaluate the habitats of five cities and counties bordering Gyeonggi Province. Among the five cities and counties, it was analyzed that Yeoncheon-gun and Ongjin-gun have relatively high quality of habitats. □ Ganghwa-gun was seen to have good habitat quality, mainly in the military protected area and forest area. Although the coastal lowlands and agricultural and forest areas are widely distributed, it is estimated that there is no significant impact on the connectivity between habitats because the development pressure is not high. □ Gimpo-si and Paju-si, which are metropolitan areas, are gradually transforming agricultural areas into urban areas due to high development pressure. For this reason, the habitats for diverse species are steadily declining. 3. carbon storage status and simulation □ In this study, to propose the introduction of climate impact assessment tools, the carbon stocks of land were evaluated and the changes in carbon stocks according to land use changes were analyzed. □ The InVEST Carbon model can calculate the amount of carbon stored in the target area by using the land cover map. It is also possible to estimate changes in carbon stocks by predicting changes in land cover. □ In both Gimpo-si and Paju-si, if the urban area increases by 15% compared to the present situation, it is predicted that the carbon storage amount will decrease by about 38%. Ⅴ. Review of Environmental Impact Assessment of Development Plans by Type in the DMZ and Border Area 1. Selection of key items for assessment □ Review points of development projects (common) according to major factors. ○ Important considerations that can be applied to the environmental impact assessment of development projects planned in the Gyeonggi-do DMZ were determined In consideration of the characteristics of the development project, the key evaluation items and review items for the environmental impact assessment for each type of project are presented. Ⅵ. Conclusion and Policy Suggestions □ Incheon-si and Gyeonggi DMZ and its border areas include forested areas and protected areas, such as wildlife protected areas, sea conservation areas, geo parks, and wetland protected areas. The project plan proposed may need to be changed or canceled in the environmental assessment in case damage on the environment is expected. □ In areas with high development pressure, including Gimpo-si and Paju-si, agricultural areas are gradually transformed into urban areas, and the quality of habitats is steadily declining. When development projects increase, agricultural or forest areas are reduced and urban areas are expanded. It is predicted that the amount of carbon stock on land will decrease significantly. □ The negative impact of development on the environment should be minimized through the selection of proper sites and ensuring appropriateness of the plan for the project, as well as developing various eco-friendly designs and construction methods, and establishing land use plans that can harmonize with the surrounding natural environment. □ The key and major review points should be considered during the initiation of a development plan, and should be actively reflected during the implementation of the plan for sustainable development.

한반도 통합철도 네트워크 구축 환경영향평가 방안

전동준,이영준,은정,나희승 한국환경연구원 2014 수시연구보고서 Vol.2014 No.-

Present conditions of the existing railway networks in North and South Korea and future railway plans were ascertained to develop a plan for carrying out an environmental impact assessment of the integrated railway network project in the Korean peninsula. Future railway strategies of China and Russia, and rail tracks conditions in the border areas of North Korea, China and Russia were also identified. Once the modernization project of the North Korean railway commences in anticipation of unification, it would be necessary to identify protection areas and distribution of protected species, predict environmental impacts of future railway projects, and develop mitigation measures. This study examined present conditions of the railway networks and future railway plans of North Korea, South Korea, China and Russia, and investigated the current relations between the countries and their future plans. In addition, the study has identified problems and border area situations for future railway connection projects. In terms of North Korea, information and data available is limited, so literature and materials obtained so far have been exploited to sort its natural environment into protection areas and protected species. Natural environment in North Korea is broadly divided and managed by natural monuments (animals and plants), beauty spots and conservation areas. The study has identified 106 areas of conservation and 25 areas of outstanding beauty, and 203 kinds of plant species and 46 kinds of animal species were found to be evenly distributed among the regions. North and South Korea border area consists of the ceasefire line and the demilitarized zone which have a high value of conservation in terms of environment and ecology. Border areas of North Korea and China, and North Korea and Russia also exhibit important characteristics of ecological habitats. The study has examined the border areas of North Korea by dividing them into six main zones. Environmental and ecological priority check lists were examined for the following six zones: Munsan-Kaesong, Cheorwon-Pyonggang and Goseong-Kumgangsan rail links which are in North and South Korea border area; Sinuiju-Dandong and Namyang-Domoon international rail links between North Korea and China; and Rason-Khasan international rail link between North Korea and Russia. Moreover, the environmental impact assessment systems in South Korea, North Korea, China and Russia were reviewed. These countries are expected to cooperate when carrying out environmental impact assessments for the railway connection projects given the different standards of each country’s system. It would be desirable to carry out projects in border areas such as these through transboundary environmental impact assessments. Munsan-Kaesong, Cheorwon-Pyonggang and Goseong-Kumgangsan areas which are potential sites within the North and South Korea border area for railway connections of Trans-Korean Railways were chosen to figuratively suggest a priority check list for each route. In addition, if the railway connection projects with China and Russia are to proceed, two recommendations are proposed: setting up an organization for the international railway cooperation as mentioned above, and establishing an independent body to carry out transboundary environmental impact assessments. Finally, there is a need to develop and pursue short, medium and long term strategies for cooperation arrangement.

북한 개발사업 환경영향평가를 위한 생태환경 정보 구축 및 변화 분석 II

전동준,박민규,정충길 한국환경연구원 2023 사업보고서 Vol.2023 No.0

대하천 수질 모니터링을 위한 Remote Sensing 기법 적용 방안

전동준,은정 한국환경연구원 2017 환경포럼 Vol.214 No.-

위성영상을 활용한 원격탐사기법으로 광범위한 수환경을 모니터링할 경우, 수체 이상 현상 발견 시 현장 확인을 통해 문제 원인과 피해 범위 등을 신속하고 효율적으로 파악·대응할 수 있다. 해외에서는 호소나 하천에 대한 수질 관리에 활용하고 있으며, 국내에서도 일부 연구자들이 수환경 모니터링에 대한 활용 가능성을 모색하고 있다. 근적외선 영상에서 추출한 정보를 통해 플랑크톤의 농도 추정이 가능하며 이를 이용하여 수체의 녹조현황을 파악할 수 있다고 가정, 본 연구에서는 인공위성 자료의 근적외선 영상을 통한 수질 모니터링 적용 가능성 연구를 수행하였다. 4대강살리기사업 이후 광범위한 녹조발생이 사회적 이슈로 떠오른 낙동강 지역을 중심으로, 원격탐사기법을 이용하여 수질 측정자료와 영상정보의 비교를 통해 수체 이상현상을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 원격탐사기법을 활용한 수질 모니터링의 가능성을 발견하였으며, 원격탐사기법의 한계도 확인하여 제시하였다.

환경평가 지원을 위한 지역 환경현황 분석 시스템 구축 및 운영 개발사업에 따른 생물 서식지의 질적 변화 II

전동준 한국환경연구원 2020 사업보고서 Vol.2020 No.-

Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research ❏ Before the 1980s, agricultural areas were widely distributed in the lower part and estuary areas of the Han River. The lower part of the Han River and its estuary are an intermediate stopover site for migratory birds and is one of important bird sanctuaries in Korea. ❏ The lower part and estuary areas of the Han River have been designated and managed as legally protected areas such as cultural heritage protection areas and wetland protection areas. It is also a space that requires continuous protection and preservation. ❏ In this study, land use changes in the lower part and estuary areas of the Han River since the 1980s were analyzed. In addition, qualitative changes in wildlife habitats resulting from the development activities were analyzed by period. ❏ Through the analysis of land use change simulation, future land use in the lower part of the Han River and its estuary was predicted. The qualitative changes in wildlife habitats were also simulated. Ⅱ. Migratory Bird Census Results in the Lower Part of the Han River and Its Estuary ❏ The number of bird species identified in the migratory bird census in the lower part of the Han River and its estuary was confirmed to be about70 species. About 50 species appear in the lower area of the Han River and more than 60 species appear in the estuary of the Han River. Ⅲ. Land Use Changes in the Lower Part of the Han River and Its Estuary 1. Land use change simulation through scenario analysis ❏ Table 1 shows all nine scenarios applied to the InVEST Scenario Generator analysis to predict future changes in land cover for the lower part of the Han River and its estuary. ❏ Urban or built-up areas are predicted to occupy the largest area in the lower part of the Han River and its estuary, according to the InVEST Scenario Generator. ❏ Since the late 1980s, urban or built-up areas have increased by 30% every 10 years compared to the total area. This is a significant reduction of the agricultural area, which is a habitat for wildlife. The quality of wildlife habitats is deteriorating and measures are required to address this problem. Ⅳ. Wildlife Habitat Quality Assessment in the Lower Part of the Han River and Its Estuary 1. Evaluation of wildlife habitat quality using the InVEST ❏ According to the wildlife habitat quality assessment, Groups 1, 2, and 3 did not significantly change. However, it was confirmed that Groups 4 and 5 experienced great changes. This result is believed to be due to the conversion of agricultural areas into urban or built-up areas. ❏ Forest areas and water bodies, Groups 1 and 2, are considered to maintain a certain area due to the limiting factors of great influence in terms of natural topography and administration. 2. Simulation of wildlife habitat changes through scenario analysis ❏ The study sites were analyzed based on the settings of 10%, 20%, and 30% expansion of urban and built-up areas which were determined according to the extent of development. In the case of Group 5, it is expected to expand by at least 39.0% and at most 46.1% of the total area. However, in the case of Group 4, it was predicted to remain at around 16.5% or decrease to 9.3%. ❏ These results indicate that the conversion of agricultural areas represented by Group 4 into urban or built-up areas represented by Group 5 is inevitable. Ⅴ. Conclusion and Suggestions ❏ The lower part and estuary areas of the Han River are a place where development projects and environmental conservation collide. It is also a place where the opposition between policies on development and environmental preservation exists. The simulation result of future changes in land use and wildlife habitats derived in this study is expected to be useful in the harmonious implementation of development actions and environmental conservation. ❏ According to the result of scenario analysis, the remaining agricultural land will be severely fragmented. Also, migratory birds coming to farmland will be very negatively affected by development projects. Therefore, it is necessary to study the activity zone of birds outside the regulated areas and more active environmental preservation policies are needed. Policy establishment is required to maintain and preserve the health of biodiversity. ❏ Recently, discussions on the use of the Han River estuary have been actively conducted by both the central and local governments. The efforts are being made to promote sustainable development and peaceful use between the two Koreas in the lower part of the Han River and its estuary. Incheon Metropolitan City and Gyeonggi Province are actively advocating and promoting the establishment of a management system in which various stakeholders participate. ❏ There is a need for a sustainable development strategy for the lower part of the Han River and its estuary that can promote coexistence with nature and guarantee rational human activities.

DMZ 일원 개발사업 환경영향평가 방안 강원권 DMZ 및 접경지역을 중심으로

전동준,소민섭,김남형 한국환경연구원 2020 사업보고서 Vol.2020 No.-

하천정비사업의 수질 및 수생태계 분야 사후모니터링 방안에 관한 연구: 4대강살리기사업을 중심으로

전동준 한국환경연구원 2011 기본연구보고서 Vol.2011 No.-

The aim of the river improvement project is to effectively preserve and manage the rivers, and the post-construction management is more important than the construction periodo itself in terms of grasping the present situations of water environments before the start of the construction. Inhabited ecology are different according to the forms and characteristics of rivers, and ecosystems are formed to fit each river`s peculiarity. However, domestic river improvement projects are currently implemented without considering the water quality of rivers, status of water ecosystems, and characteristics of rivers. Such river improvement projects could negatively influence ecosystems, and they can deteriorate river organisms by disturbing the river`s continuity. In order to engage in post-construction management upon effective completion of river improvement projects, establishment of monitoring methods are required to consider via river segments the status of water environments and project`s contents. Therefore, this study has selected the large scale restoration projects of 4 major rivers as the basis of this research. The 4 major restoration projects are presently being implemented at large portions of Han River, Nakdong River, and Yeongsan River to secure waters supplies and control potential floods in response to the global climate changes. The 4 Major Rivers Project is the largest project in Korean history, and because the project has received much national interests and public concern, long-term management methods are required to revive the water`s ecosystem functions (which were deteriorated by constructions) and minimize the project`s impact to the environment. In this research, the study extracted present problems by analyzing the results from the post-environmental impact investigation and environmental impact assessment which objected to the restoration projects at the 4 major rivers. Upon analyzing the results of 2010 post-environmental impact investigations concerning the restoration projects at the 4 major rivers: project goals have to be induced through improvements within the system of current post-environmental impact assessment to properly achieve its business goals; more accurate monitoring must be induced by liking and integrating current post-environmental impact assessments; and institution of monitoring systems on long-term water environments through formation of an integrated water-controlling organization is necessary. To this end, the study suggested improving methods on standardization, improvements in analyzing methods, and enhancements in evaluations and preparations. Also, this study presented checklists (plans) which the drafters of reports could verify and supplement in terms of content upon formulating consistent patterns in post-environmental impact assessment reports. Finally, this study proposed the establishment of monitoring methods with regards to the long-term monitoring system, and the operation of post-monitoring is absolutely necessary for the successful appearance of 4 major river restoration projects. Operations have to be made within the improving scopes of current post-environmental impact assessments or integrated managements with implementation of existing long-term monitoring researches, and further long-term monitoring programs must be managed through separate administration bodies or departments. This study expects its suggestions, such as improving the methods of post-environmental impact investigations and establishing methods of long-term monitoring system on water environments, could be utilized as basic data when setting up post-monitoring plans with operational managements in river restoration projects.

사업보고서 2013-05-04 : 4대강살리기사업 사후환경영향조사 분석,평가 및 개선방안 연구

전동준,김지영,김태형,은정 한국환경연구원 2013 사업보고서 Vol.2013 No.-

This study aims to analyze post-environmental effects evaluation conducted during the construction and changes and performance of water environment in accordance with the projects of the 4 major rivers project. It also aims to establish monitoring method for water quality and water ecological system and to construct DB and GIS for effective and comprehensive management of water environment for the future. In addition, it attempts to improve the effectiveness of post-environmental effects evaluation currently researched and analyzed and contribute to establish and operate long-term monitoring system required to manage water environment in major rivers in Korea. This study targeted each area of the restoration projects of 4 major rivers and analyzed water quality and water ecological system of the evaluation reports until 2012. It also apprehended current status of the project by analyzing and organizing information and data of pertinent water environment research projects. In addition, it has suggested continual water environment monitoring (draft) after the completion of the project. After conducting analysis on the reports of the project, it has been suggested that the reports were not properly managed since there have repeatedly been errors every year. It has been confirmed that urgent establishment of improvement measure and in-depth post-environmental effects evaluation by experts are needed. In 2012 when most of the process of revitalizing Han River has completed, BOD value has been increased compared to before the project. Deterioration in water quality has also been observed in water ecological health evaluation project. Close monitoring is required whether to determine that deterioration in water quality is temporary due to a large-scale improvement project or derived from structural problem caused by changes in environment. It has been confirmed that the number of migratory birds has sharply been reduced compare to before the project. In 2012 when most of the process of revitalizing Han River has completed, wetland area in the region was found to be reduced about 29.5%. It can be inferred that the significant reduction in wetland area and habitat and activities of migratory birds are highly related. It has been found that wetland in river basin has weakened in its role after the project since most of the legally protected birds inhabit in wetland has no longer been detected at monitoring. As restoration project of Nakdong River has simultaneously been conducted throughout the whole areas of the mainstream, water quality of the mainstream of Nakdong River has been deteriorated. While water quality at upper region has been reduced to class II in terms of BOD, there has not been noticeable change in middle and lower stream. In 2011 when intensive dredging process was conducted, most of the regions except upper region of Nakdong River were rapidly deteriorated to class III. It suggests that continual disturbance has been occurred for the whole year. After restoration project of Nakdong River, 44.8% of wetland has been reduced. While the number of clams in winter in Haepyung, Gumi; Hwawon, Daegu and Geumho region, which are closely related regions with Nakdong River project, has been decreased, it has been increased in lower region of Nakdong river after the project. Looking at the results found in post-environmental effects evaluation of Geungang River project, water quality in 2010 and 2011, when intensive project were conducted, has been increased in terms of BOD. As the number of migratory birds in 2009 to 2012, which was the period of the project, reported to be reduced, close evaluation is required to determine the relationship between rapid decrease and the project. It has been confirmed that 33.4% of wetland in 1-10 area has been reduced due to the project. In the case of Youngsan River project, water quality has been deteriorated in general based on BOD. It suggests that there were no improvement effect on water quality in the mainstream of Youngsan River, rather it is deteriorating. It has been observed that 52.6% of wetland in 1-8 area has been decreased due to the project. While it is hard to find out the relationship between decreased migratory birds and the project at this point, it is needed to find out the reason by closely monitoring the birds. In order to determine the effect of 4 major rivers project on water environment, changes in water environment after the project has been compared to before. However, looking at the long-term perspective, current post-environmental effects evaluation should be reviewed. For national projects such as 4 major rivers project, post-environmental effects evaluation system should be modified so that it could confirm the long term effect and outcomes of the project. There should not be a problem if positive effects after the project were to be confirmed, or else, new restoration plan has to be established. It is possible to conduct post-environmental effects evaluation within the project, it is more desirable to form a separate organization to monitor and evaluate outcome given the importance of the project. It could be operated to the extent of improving existing evaluation or combining existing long-term monitoring research project. It is advisable to run long-term monitoring program for water environment through separate organization or dedicated department.

환경평가 지원을 위한 지역 환경현황 분석 시스템 구축 및 운영 : 개발사업에 따른 생물 서식지의 질적 변화 Ⅲ

전동준 한국환경연구원 2021 사업보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research □ In the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River, agricultural areas are widely distributed inland and tidal flats are well developed along the coast. The middle and lower reaches of the Geum and Yeongsan Rivers and the surrounding areas are well-developed wetlands such as tidal flats, paddy fields, lakes, and rivers. The habitats of various animals and plants, including those living in wetlands, are distributed. □ Various development projects such as industrial complexes and urban development, as well as reclamation projects, have been carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum and Yeongsan Rivers. □ This study aims to investigate changes in land cover in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River since the 1980s, analyze the changes in habitats by period, and seek a biodiversity conservation strategy for harmonization with the living habitats when establishing a development plan. □ In addition, by predicting future land cover in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River through scenario analysis of land use changes, and predicting changes in habitat quality and carbon storage, we intend to provide policy support data for the establishment of sustainable management policies. Ⅱ. Migratory Birds Census Results in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River 1. Migratory bird census results in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River □ According to the results of the census of migratory birds in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River since 2010, it was confirmed that between 20,000 and 90,000 individuals arrive each year in the Geum River Estuary, Mangyeong River, and Dongjin River. In the case of the Geum River Estuary, Mangyeong River, and Dongjin River, 20 to 60 bird species were found to visit these areas every year. □ Since 2010, it has been confirmed that from 50,000 at least to close to 500,000 individuals arrive at Yeongam, Geumho, Yeongsan, and Gocheonam lakes every year. It was found that between 30 and 70 bird species visit the Yeongsan River Estuary, Yeongam lake, and Geumho lake every year. Ⅲ. Land Use Changes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River 1. Land use change in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River □ There is no significant change in land cover in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River. However, the area of agricultural land is increasing in proportion to the decrease in the area of water bodies. It is believed that new agricultural land was created through reclamation projects. □ In the middle and lower reaches of the Yeongsan River, the area of wetlands is significantly decreasing. This change in land cover reflects the increase in agricultural land area and the continuous increase in urban areas in the late 1990s. Wetlands in the downstream and estuary areas were developed as farmland or development land. 2. Land use change simulation according to scenario analysis □ The InVEST Scenario Generator was used to predict land cover changes in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River, and a total of six scenarios were analyzed. Ⅳ. Analysis and Prediction of Ecosystem Services in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Geum and Yeongsan Rivers 1. Assessment of habitat quality and carbon storage using InVEST □ Habitat quality evaluation is analyzed according to the suitability of each type of land cover as a habitat and the sensitivity and accessibility to respond to risk factors that threaten each habitat. □ The InVEST Carbon model is a model that estimates the amount of carbon storage based on land cover and carbon coefficients for each land use. 2. Assessment of habitat quality in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum and Yeongsan Rivers □ In 2019, grade 5 regions, where the quality of biological habitats in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River is relatively excellent, took up 11.1% of the total area of the study area. The next grade 4 areas accounted for 44.5%, and most of them were waters containing both oceans and rivers. □ In 2019, the quality of habitats in the middle and lower reaches of the Yeongsan River did not change significantly by grade compared to the past. It is characterized by a slight increase in the 1st grade area. The grade 5 area with a relatively high quality of biological habitat occupies 29.8% of the total area of the study area. It is analyzed that there is little change in area compared to the past. 3. Scenario analysis of habitat changes in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River □ It was predicted that the coastal area among the 5th grade areas with the best biological habitat quality would be changed to the 1st grade zone with the worst biological habitat quality. 4. carbon storage in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum and Yeongsan Rivers □ Assuming that the urbanized land in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River study site increases by 10% and 20%, respectively, the carbon storage according to the land cover change was analyzed as 7,184,175.00Mg of C and 7,090,108.70Mg of C, respectively. □ Assuming that the urbanized land in the middle and lower reaches of the Yeongsan River increases by 10% and 20%, respectively, the carbon storage amount was analyzed as 12,423,217.65Mg of C and 12,354,422.01Mg of C, respectively. Ⅴ. Conclusion and Suggestions □ Qualitative changes in biological habitats were analyzed along with changes in land cover in the area. Changes in the bird community, habitat quality, and carbon storage in the study site were confirmed. In addition, land use changes were predicted in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum and Yeongsan Rivers through land cover scenario analysis, and changes in habitat quality and carbon storage were analyzed. □ According to the analysis of the future changes in land cover using the InVEST Scenario Generator, urbanization areas will gradually increase according to future development in the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River and Yeongsan River. This means the reduction of living habitats, especially the areas of tidal flats, lakes and river wetlands, and agricultural areas, which are the feeding areas of birds. □ In the future, as the quality of the habitats of various living creatures including birds is expected to decrease in this area, a conservation policy is required. In addition, since a decrease in carbon storage is expected due to changes in land cover, more active conservation measures are required to achieve 2050 carbon neutrality.

훈독가정교회 정착이 곧 가정당의 정착이다

전동준 세계기독교통일신령협회 2003 統一世界 Vol.- No.10

지난날 교회나 승공연합, 국민연합 활동 그리고 참가정 운동을 통해 통일교회는 교육을 많이 하는 단체인 것을 사람들이 잘 알고 있기 때문에, 그 교육의 연장선상에서 정치권과 일반 국민들에게 의식의 변화를 주어 살기 좋은 나라를 만들려는데 목적을 둔 정당으로서 이미지를 확산시켜 나간다면 교육정당이란 말을 큰 오해 없이 알릴 수 있을 것이다.