Influence of Lead on Repetitive Behavior and Dopamine Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Iron Overload

장주애,권조진,김종한 한국독성학회 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.4

Exposures to lead (Pb) are associated with neurological problems includingpsychiatric disorders and impaired learning and memory. Pb can be absorbed by iron transporters, which are up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis, an ironoverload disorder in which increased iron deposition in various parenchymal organs promote metal-induced oxidative damage. While dysfunction in HFE (High Fe) gene is the major cause of hemochromatosis, the transport and toxicity of Pb in Hfe-relatedhemochromatosis are largely unknown. To elucidate the relationship between HFEgene dysfunction and Pb absorption, H67D knock-in Hfe-mutant and wild-type micewere given drinking water containing Pb 1.6 mg/ml ad libitum for 6 weeks andexamined for behavioral phenotypes using the nestlet-shredding and marble-buryingtests. Latency to nestlet-shredding in Pb-treated wild-type mice was prolongedcompared with non-exposed wild-types (p < 0.001), whereas Pb exposure did notalter shredding latency in Hfe-mutant mice. In the marble-burying test, Hfe-mutantmice showed an increased number of marbles buried compared with wild-type mice(p = 0.002), indicating more repetitive behavior upon Hfe mutation. Importantly, Pb-exposed wild-type mice buried more marbles than non-exposed wild-types, whereas the number of marbles buried by Hfe-mutant mice did not change whether or notexposed to Pb. These results suggest that Hfe mutation could normalize Pb-induced behavioral alteration. To explore the mechanism of repetitive behavior caused by Pb, western blot analysis was conducted for proteins involved in brain dopaminemetabolism. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter increasedupon Pb exposure in both genotypes, whereas Hfe-mutant mice displayed down-regulation of the dopamine transporter and dopamine D1 receptor with D2 receptor elevated. Taken together, our data support the idea that both Pb exposure and Hfemutation increase repetitive behavior in mice and further suggest that thesebehavioral changes could be associated with altered dopaminergicneurotransmission, providing a therapeutic basis for psychiatric disorders caused by Pb toxicity.

A pursuit of Staphylococcus aureus continues: a role of persister cells

장주애,Rho-Eun Lee,이원식 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.6

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causescritical diseases, such as pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia,upon gaining access to the bloodstream of the host. Because host innate immunity alone cannot fi ght against thisrapidly expanding pathogen, the use of antibiotic agents isnecessary to clear out S. aureus . However, sub-populationsof S. aureus fail to respond to the antibiotics resulting inineff ective clearance of the bacteria. One mechanism bywhich S. aureus does not respond to the antibiotics is bydeveloping resistance through alterations in its geneticmakeup, and genetic studies have revealed a major portionof mechanisms that are responsible for the rise of theseantibiotic-resistant strains. Another sub-population thatfails to respond to the antibiotics is called persister cells. There is a mounting clinical evidence that these persistercells signifi cantly contribute to the antibiotic failure andpersistent infection, but a clear mechanistic picture of theformation of the S. aureus persister cells is unavailable. Thisreview focuses on drawing out a mechanistic map of factorsthat contribute to the formation of S. aureus persister cells. Understanding the mechanism will provide future directionfor the development of novel antibiotic strategies to moreeffi ciently tackle infections caused by S. aureus .

후두 우상암에서 후두 부분적출술 및 가성대 전진피판에 의한 성대 재건술 전후의 음성변화 : 2례

정성민,장주애,김윤정 대한후두음성언어의학회 1998 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Verrucous carcinoma is a variant of highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and has a predilection for the oral cavity and larynx. It is known to be of good prognosis due to its low regional and distant metastatic potential. Peak incidence is at ages 40-69 while predominantly occuring in males and its association with tobacco smoking has been implicated. The verrucous carcinoma have accordingly been treated by radiotherapy or surgical procedures but there has been considerable controversy regarding the effect of radiotherapy due to the possibility of anaplastic transformation Laser surgery and partial resection are among the commonly used surgical procedures but laser surgery has not yet shown results in improving phonetic abilities. Authors experienced two cases of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx treated by partial laryngectomy and false vocal cord advancement flap who showed no recurrence of disease under stroboscopic examination after two year follow up and when compared to preoperative aerodynamic studies, the expiratory air pressure was decreased and mean air flow rate increased which improved glottal efficiency markedly.

Long Term Results after CO2 Laser Turbinate Surgery for Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

김종남,장주애,김지윤,신혜정,박수경 대한비과학회 2001 Journal of rhinology Vol.8 No.1

Background and Objectives:Although CO2 laser turbinate surgery is known to be an effective method in reducing thenasal symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, the long term effects have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of thisstudy was to assess the subjective and objective long term results of CO2 laser surgery. Materials and Methods:The chartsand questionnaires of 49 patients who received laser surgery at our department from January 1994 to December 1999 werereviewed. Preoperative and postoperative nasal volume of 20 randomly selected patients were measured by acousticrhinometry. Nasal mucosa of 10 patients before and after laser surgery yearly for 6 years were examined under light andelectron microscopy. Results:Watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and sneezing had improved significantly after lasersurgery. Postoperative nasal volumes also increased significantly. Histological findings 6 years after laser surgery revealedfocal squamous epithelium and regenerating ciliated columnar epithelium. Decreased goblet cells, fibrous proliferation andscarce vessels and glands were also observed. Conclusions:CO2 laser surgery proves to be an effective method in reducingthe symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis for short and long periods.

기관내 삽관에 의한 전신 마취 후 발생된 성대 마비

정성민,이재연,장주애,구태완 대한후두음성언어의학회 1999 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold paralysis is an unusual complication following endotracheal intubation. We experienced five cases and analyzed their causes and preventions. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 5 cases of vocal fold paralysis following general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation at Ewha Womans University Hospital from September 1997 to May 1999 retrospectively. Results : Four cases were unilateral vocal fold paralysis(3 cases were left side, 1 case was right side) and a case was bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Conclusion : Vocal fold paralysis following endotracheal intubation is the result of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. This damage can occur as the result of compressing the anterior branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve between an inflated endotracheal tube cuff and thyroid cartilage. Prevention of this complication lies in eliminating the use of endotracheal tubes with cuff inflated unevenly, desisting from the practice of deliberately placing the cuff within the larynx, and filling the cuff with a sample of the inspired mixture of gases.

갑상선 결절에서 세침흡인검사와 동결조직검사의 의의

김춘동,박상일,정성민,홍순관,변성완,장주애,김지연 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7