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국제교류협력 확대를 위한 지방정부의 효율적인 해외사무소 운영방안에 관한 연구 -중국 사무소 사례를 중심으로-
장정재 ( Jung Jae Jang ) 국제지역학회 2016 국제지역연구 Vol.20 No.2
한국 지방정부들은 일찍부터 중국, 미국, 일본을 중심으로 하는 시장성이 크거나 잠재력이 높은 지역에 대하여 경쟁적으로 해외사무소를 설치하였다. 이것은 교류협력을 보다 적극적이고 선제적인 대응전략을 수립 하고자는 목적에서 시작되었다. 그러나 해외사무소가 본래 취지와는 다르게 예산투입 대비 만족스런 성과가 나오지 않는 것이 문제점이며 최근에 들어서는 운영 자체에 대한 비판의 목소리도 커지고 있다. 우리나라 지방정부별 중국사무소의 운영 현황에 대한 심층 분석과 교류협력 확대방안 모색을 위해 직접 10개의 지방자치단체를 방문하여 담당자 인터뷰를 하였다. 분석결과 지방정부들은 민간과 협력 네트워크 구성, 해외사무소의 전문성 강화, 투자유치를 위한 역할 증대, 해외사무소 개설시 메가시티 선호, 해외사무소의 운영비 절감을 중점적으로 추진하고 있다. The local governments have utilized overseas offices of businesses within their jurisdiction as a forward operating base to discover and expand the overseas market. In addition, overseas offices of businesses are expected to play a big role in economic, cultural, and personal exchange, and collection of information regarding overseas market trends. Recently, inviting foreign capital, promoting cities, and attracting foreign tourists are being done through them. Since foreign capital invitation has an effect on creating jobs, the population influx, increasing local government revenues, there is a high degree of competition for it among local governments. Also, while local governments have set out to actively attract foreign tourists through city promotion marketing and developing products in connection with their region, overseas offices of businesses are playing a major role in doing the job. However, due to low performance satisfaction against the budget invested, there have been criticisms that they need to improve efficiency. As a result, each local government is faced with a task to seek efficient operational plans since overseas offices of businesses in each local government are expected to play a bigger role in trade support and international exchanges.
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중국 상하이자유무역시범구 운영 현황 분석 -금융영역을 중심으로-
장정재 ( Jung Jae Jang ),신금미 ( Keum Mi Sin ) 국제지역학회 2015 국제지역연구 Vol.19 No.1
2013년 9월 29일 정식 출범한 <중국(상하이)자유무역시범구>는 중국의 제2 개혁개방의 실험무대로서 2~3년의 실험기간 중에 ‘정부기능의 신속한 변화’, ‘투자영역의 개방 확대’, ‘무역발전방식의 변화 추진’, ‘금융영역의 개방’, ‘법률과 제도의 완비’ 등을 목표로 하고 있다. 반대로 지금까지의 진척 상황을 통해 문제점도 제기되고 있는데, ‘여전히 높은 시장진입 장벽’, ‘높은 임대료’, ‘우대정책 기대에 대한 불충족’, ‘금융 방면에서의 개혁이 여전히 미흡’, ‘실무 전개상의 근거가 되는 구체적·세부적 실시방안 부존재’ 등이 외국 기업에 있어서 상하이 FTZ 진출을 주저하게 만들고 있다. 상하이 FTZ 는 과감한 규제개혁과 개방으로 외자유치에 속도를 내고 있으나 한국은 미흡한 제도적 지원과 과도한 규제로 경쟁력을 잃고 있다. 그럼에도 한국은 스스로의 강점을 이용하여 상하이 FTZ에 대한 전략적 대응과 기회로 활용하는 지혜가 필요하다. Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) which officially opened on September 29, 2013 is considered as a test ground for China’s next wave of reform and openness policy. During this trial period of 2 to 3 years, China aims to fundamentally change government functions, open up more sectors to foreign investments, change trade development methods, open up more financial sectors, and completely establish laws and systems. While all of the proposed reforms are admirable, the ability to implement them remains in question. A number of issues have been brought up; still high barriers of entry into the market, high rents, lack of expected benefits for foreign countries, unsatisfactory financial reforms, and unclear laws and their inconsistent application remain key challenges. Companies with less sanguine about future economic opportunities in China, business challenges become more apparent. China is introducing more competition to attract foreign investments through bold reforms in regulations and opening up in Shanghai FTZ. Korea, on the other hand, is losing competitiveness due to insufficient institutional support and excessive regulations on businesses. Korea with its own strengths can take advantage of this critical situation as an opportunity to implement necessary strategies against Shanghai FTZ.
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부산의 대중국 투자 및 무역 구조 분석을 통한 수출확대 방안
장정재 ( Jang,Jung-jae ) 한중사회과학학회 2016 한중사회과학연구 Vol.14 No.2
Plans to be taken in response to the current context that Busan companies confront are suggested on a basis of an analysis of the current status of exportation to China. The first plan is to enhance exportation through The Korean Wave based marketing strategies. Items based on the wave should be diversified and tailored to attract different importers. Analysis has shown that the main exports are household appliances, convenience food, plastic items, clothing, and other goods. The second plan is to expand Chinese domestic markets centered on key consumption areas. As importation structure in China is shifting from processing trade to domestic trade, it is crucial to raise the competitiveness of manufactured goods to target the Chinese domestic markets. The third plan is to let SMEs take advantage of the leading position of major companies so that they can promote their sales. The fourth plan is actively use the development strategies of the Chinese Government. Because the intensive industry promotion policy and the details for actualization depend on the Chinese Government`s main policy directions, effective counterplans for inroads into China should be set up according to the changes to the detailed policies of the central government and local governments. The fifth plan is to explore other importers other than main importers such as China, the U.S., and Japan. The sixth is to make the most of online distribution networks to enter the Chinese domestic markets. As its online distribution markets have steadily been expanding, entry into online distribution networks in China is inevitable. Lastly, a differentiated strategy specific to exports is necessary. Demands for steel, automobiles and related parts, aircraft parts, shipping, and such are on the rise. Therefore, it is essential not only to utilize support projects such as publicity and exchanges designed to secure the Chinese domestic markets but to make positive efforts to bolster our technical power.
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