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가축분의 사료화를 위한 연구 6 . 가축분의 영양성분 조사
장윤환,강태홍,한인규 ( Yun H . Chang,Tae H . Kang,In . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The waste of laying hen, Korean native cow, dairy cow, and swine were collected at the Livestock Experiment Station, dried at 60℃ in drying oven, and analyzed for investigating their nutrient composition. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The crude protein contents in layers waste were 21 to 33% of air dry matter, which were 38 to 94% higher than those in rations the layers consumed. However, the levels in feces of Korean native cow, dairy cow and swine were similar to the value it their concentrate rations. 2. The nitrogen-free extract contents in poultry or animal waste were considerably low. The values in layers corresponded to 40% of those in their rations. The relative value of waste to concentrate ration for other animals were 65%. 3. The poultry or animal waste contained much amount of non-protein nitrogenous compound corresponding to about 40% of total crude protein. 4. The crude ash contents in layers manure were 16 to 30% of air dry matter and those in feces of Korean nabs a cow, dairy cow and/or swine were 10 to 19%. 5. Both poultry and animal waste were characterized to contain high levels of potassium and iron. 6. Viewing the amino acid contents in poultry or animal waste it was shown that they contained high levels of methionine, lysine, aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid. glycinc and leucine. 7. The amino acids contents in waste of layers, Korean native cow and dairy cow were similar to or lower than those in wheat bran. However, those in swine manure were similar to or higher than those in wheat bran.
장윤환,강태홍,이규호,이인덕 ( Y . H . Chiang,T . H . Kang,K . H . Lee,I . D . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Distillers sweet potato and naked barley were studied for analyzing the chemical nutrients and measuring the metabolizable energy using chicks. Test materials were obtained 1) by sieve or filter press (7, 100 or 250 mesh) from distillers waste solution, and 2) by ground surface where the distillers waste solution were damped and part of liquid portion was leached down. The test materials were used in chemical analysis and metabolic energy test after dried in a draft oven at 60-70℃. Approximate analysis were conducted by the A.O.A.C. method. The cations were determined by the atomic absorption method and phosphorus was measured by colorimetry. Metabolizable energy content was observed by indicator method using the commercia diet which was replaced by the distillers sweet potato (40%). The crude protein contents of distillers sweet potato were 12.23% at air dry basis and those were increased as the finer sieves were used. No big differences were noticed on the contents of ether extract and ash. However, nitrogen-free extract increased and crude fiber decreased as the mesh of sieve or filter press increased. The changing trend of proximate analysis in distillers naked barley was similar to that in distillers sweet potato. However, the contents of crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract in distillers naked barley were higher and those of crude fiber and ash were lower than in distillers sweet potato. The high content of iron in distillers solids were noticed especially. It was thought that the reason might be drived from many steel facilities in distillers factory. The metabolizable energy content in distillers sweet potato from 100 mesh sieve was 2,250 ㎉/g and it was higher than those in some brans and similar to those in some seed meals.
한국산 Zeolite 의 염기치환용량이 Broiler 의 증체 , 사료효율 및 영양소 이용율에 미치는 영향
장윤환,이상진,이규호,강태홍 ( Y . H . Chiang,S . C . Lee,K . H . Lee,T . H . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Feeding and metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of canon exchange capacity of zeolite added in broiler`s diet on growth and nutrient utilization. The 234 chicks were randomly allocated to triplicate 6 treatments. Metabolism study was carried out by 30 chicks (5 chicks each treatment). The control diet contained no zeolite, but experimental one contained 3% zeolite or grit. The tested zeolite possessed 40, 60, 80 or 100 me/100g canon exchange capacity. The whole rations were adjusted to have iso-calorie and -protein. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average weight gain of broilers showed no significant difference among treatments for 8 weeks. However, somewhat higher gain in zeolite or grit block was noticed compared to that in control. 2. Feed consumption represented no significant difference among treatments. 3. Feed required for Kg body weight gain in zeolite or grit group was slightly less than that in control, however, the difference was not significant. 4. Feed cost for body weight gain in zeolite or grit treatment was lower than that in control. 5. Utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus appeared to have similar values among treatments. However, carbohydrate utilization was improved by zeolite or grit supplementation. 6. Moisture contents in excreta from zeolite-fed chicks were less than that from control chicks, bur no significant difference was recognized. Those from grit-fed brids were more than that of control. 7. Ash contents in diets including zeolite or grit were very high (8-9%).
유추에 의한 사료의 대사에너지 측정방법에 관한 연구 1 . 반정제사료 이용법과 관용사료 이용법의 비교
장윤환,박용윤,강태홍,지설하,이영상 ( Y . H . Chiang,Y . Y . Park,T . H . Kang,S . H . Chee,Y . S . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5
Two procedures using semi-purified diet (SPD) and practical diet (PD) were compared to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) in feedstuffs by growing chicks. The reference diet of each procedure was formulated into two categories; one for starch feeds and the other(low protein) for protein feeds. The triplicate ten male chicks of White Leghorn were plotted for each treatment. The chicks two weeks old were fed experimental diets for another two weeks, of which the last three days were allotted for sampling their excreta. The feces were dried and analyzed for calorie, nitrogen, and chromium oxide. The excreted energy and nitrogen were calculated from the ratio of chromium oxide contents in feed and excreta. The ME. value was computed by the proportional method. 1. The ME. of glucose were 3,273 and 2,580 ㎉/㎏ dry matter (DM) when chicks were fed appropriate and low level of protein, respectively. The reason for less ME. values than 3,640 published by foreign researchers might be the impurity of glucose tested. However, the farmer result showed more close to the foreigners than the laters. It was considered that the suitable amount of protein in chick ration should be provided for determining the glucose ME. 2. The ME content in rations of treatments were 2,700∼3,200 ㎉/㎏ DM. The standard deviations from average ME values of SPD were less than those of PD. Therefore, it was believed that the experimental accuracy of PD method might be higher than that of SPD one. 3. The ME for yellow corn were measured as 1994 and 3,027㎉/㎏ air dry matter(ADM) when SPD and PD were employed, respectively. The later result was more similar to the others data than the formers. 4. The ME of wheat from PD procedure brought higher value than that from SPO one, and more similar to the others result. 5. The fish meal showed 2,630 and 2,752 ㎉/㎏ ADM from SPD and PD, respectively. The slightly higher value from the later was more similar to the other values, too. 6. The values from soybean meal represented a reverse trend compared to those from three kinds of feedstuffs above described. Viewing from the accuracy of measurement, similarity of the result to the others, and the expense for the ration formulation, it was believed that the PD method might be recommended for determining the ME content of feedstuffs in condition of Korea.
유추에 의한 대사에너지 측정방법에 관한 연구 2 . 유추와 산란계의 비교
장윤환,정인걸,박용윤,강태홍,이영상 ( Y . H . Chisng,I . K . Chung,Y . Y . Park,T . H . Kang,Y . S . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.4
This study was carried out to compare the procedures employing chicks or laying hens and the methods providing them practical or semi-purified diet for measuring the metabolizable energy in poultry feedstuffs. The 210 male chicks and 56 laying hens of White Leghorn were utilized and the metabolizable energy in white corn and wheat were determined by two lends of birds. It was shown that practical or semi-purified digit did not derive significant difference between growth rate of chicks, egg production of layers and their feed efficiency according to the 14 day s experiment. The metabolizable energy contents in white corn and wheat were 3,085 and 2,792㎉/㎏. No significant difference between metabolizable energy contents measured by chicks and layers both in yellow corn and wheat was found. However, it was considered that employing chicks would be desirable in respect of economics and feeding practice. Between the metabolizable energy contents determined by providing the practical and semi-purified diets no significant difference was discovered, too. It was thought that providing the practical ration would be hopeful for the measurement of metabolizable energy regarding purchase, processing, and price of ingredient feeds.
상이 (相異) 한 선량의 자외선을 조사한 브로일러 병아리에 있어서 간장 비타민 D 농도의 경시적 변화
장윤환(Y . H . Chiang),강훈석(H . S . Kang),여영수(Y . S . Yeoh),김강수(K . S . Kim),조인호(I . H . Cho),배은경(E . K . Bae) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5
This study was carried out to elucidate the time course variation of liver vitamin D(VD) concentration of broiler Hubbard chicks fed VD-deficient diet for 31 days in a subdued light room and exposed to UVB light(maximum intensity at 297 nm) with dose of 0.204 or 0.408 mJ/㎠. The lipid in liver was extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) and VD fraction was separated by Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The VD contents were analyzed by normal phase HPLC. The control birds received no UVB irradiation showed the liver VD level of 5 ng/g. When 0.204 mJ/㎠ was treated to whole body of chicks, the liver VD level tended to increase until 90 hrs after irradiation, where the maximum value of 11 ng/g appeared. A decreased level of ng/g was present at 138 hrs after exposure. The peak value (16 ng/g) was shown also at 90 hrs after UVB treatment when 0.408 mJ/㎠ was applied. A low level of 5 ng/g was present at 138 hrs after irradiation. Consequently it was verified that 0.408 mJ/㎠ of UVB treatment produced more VD in liver of broiler chicks than the 0.204 mJ/㎠ did, and the highest level of liver VD appeared at 90 hrs after exposure.
브로일러 병아리의 등 피부에 312 mm 자외선 조사시 상이한 선량이 혈장내 비타민 D3 함량에 미치는 영향
장윤환(Y . H . Chiang),원지웅(J . W . Won),강훈석(H . S . Kang),김강수(K . S . Kim),여영수(Y . S . Yeoh) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.3
This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different dose of 312 nm UV light on plasma vitamin D₃(D₃) content of 3 week old broiler chicks. The 0.32, 0.65 or 0.98 J/㎠ of dose was applied on dosal skin of birds and blood samples were collected day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after UV exposure. The plasma was isolated and D₃ concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. When dorsal skin was exposed to 0.32 J/㎠ of UV dose, the mean plasma D₃ content was 24 ng/㎖ immediately after irradiation and 46 ng/㎖ (peak) at day one after exposure. The D₃ level tended to decrease until day 5 (10 ng/㎖). As 0.65 J/㎠ of UV dose was treated, the D₃ concentrations were 20, 22, 37, 14, 29 and 10 ng/㎖ at day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after irradiation, respectively. When 0.98 J/㎠ dose was applied, the plasma D₃ levels were 25, 25 and 34 ng/㎖ at day 0, 1 and 2, respectively and decreased thereafter. Consequently it was shown that the treatment of 0.32 J/㎠ produced more D₃ in chick plasma than 0.65 or 0.98 J/㎠ did (P$lt;.05).