인지액의 현실화 및 증액 방안에 대한 고찰

장완규(JANG, Wan-Kyu) 인하대학교 법학연구소 2014 法學硏究 Vol.17 No.4

인지액은 소송절차나 비송사건절차에서 소장이나 신청서 등에 붙여야 하는 인지의 액수를 말하며, 소송비용 중 ‘재판비용’의 하나로서 사법수수료의 성질을 갖는 것을 말하는데, 현행 우리나라의 인지액 체계는 역진적 슬라이드 방식을 취하고 있다. 이 역진제 슬라이드 방식이란 소송목적의 값에 연동하여 소송목적의 값이 커짐에 따라 인지액이 늘어나지만, 소송목적의 값 대비 인지액의 비율은 낮아지는 방식을 말한다. 그런데 소송의 당사자 중 하나인 원고가 부담하는 인지액이 그 제도적 취지나 해외입법례에 비춰 볼 때, 과연 적절한가에 대한 심도있는 고찰이 필요한 시점이다. 왜냐하면 인지는 남소방지의 기능을 하는 장점이 있는 반면에, 인지액이 고액인 경우에는 국민의 재판청구권을 침해할 수 있는 단점이 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인지액과 관련된 법령을 통해 그 체계를 살펴보고, 미국, 독일, 일본의 제소수수료의 수준을 조사한 후 우리나라와 비교한다. 또한 현행 우리 인지액 산정방식을 보면 소송목적의 값과 연동시키고 있는데, 연동시키는 것이 정당성을 가지려면 소송목적의 값과 재판기간, 사건해결에 필요한 법관 및 법원사무관 등의 업무의 강도가 비례관계에 있어야 하는 바, 소송목적의 값과 사건의 난이도가 반드시 비례하는 것은 아니라는 지적을 할 수 있다. 결국 소송비용의 적정한 수준과 산정기준의 명확화 등에 관하여 치밀한 분석과 평가를 할 필요가 있다. 결론에서 인지액을 현실화하는 방안으로 ⅰ) 소송목적의 값 2천만원 이하의 사건(소액사건 포함)에 대하여 인지액을 정액화하는 방안, ⅱ) 소송목적의 값 2천만원 초과의 사건에 대하여 현행대로 소송목적의 값에 따른 슬라이드 방식을 기본으로 하되, 그 값에 일정 배율을 곱하는 방식으로 인지액을 인상하는 방안, ⅲ) 소송목적의 값 상한제의 채택, ⅳ) 각종 신청서 인지액의 현실화의 4가지 방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 현액 인지액의 적절성에 대하여 분석?평가하고 개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. Litigation Expenses(Lawsuit Costs) are the amount of paying for the proceedings, including the civil procedures, administrative procedures, non-litigation cases and etc. The expenses of litigation is increased according to the price and value of the objective, but the ratio of the expense per value is decreased as the price of the objective goes up in our judiciary system. If the litigation expense is too high and burdensome, it might violate the public procedural rights to access the court. This paper shows the level of the litigation expenses of the United States, Germany and Japan to compare them with that of the Republic of Korea. In conclusion in this paper, it analyses and evaluates the adequacy of the current litigation expense to purpose its betterment.

인공지능(AI) 기반 온라인 분쟁해결(ODR) 제도의 성공적 안착을 위한 제언

장완규(Wan-Kyu Jang) 한국집합건물법학회 2024 집합건물법학 Vol.49 No.-

소송물 개념의 가변성에 대한 비판적 고찰

장완규 ( Jang Wan Kyu ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2023 一鑑法學 Vol.- No.56

A matter of a lawsuit refers to the ‘claim in litigation’ submitted to the court by the plaintiff, that is, the object of the lawsuit (=object of the court’s judgment). Once decided, the litigation matter includes the merging of claims, modification of claims, prohibition of duplicate lawsuits, and the objective scope of res judicata. Litigation theory is undoubtedly a very important issue and difficult problem in modern civil litigation jurisprudence in that it serves as a standard and forms the framework of litigation. Many discussions regarding the litigation matter have been taking place for a long time in Germany, Japan, and Korea, and have led to debates over the litigation matter, and it is impossible to find scholars anywhere who completely agree on the litigation matter. Among the various theories related to litigation disputes, ⅰ) the old substantive law doctrine is ‘claim of rights under substantive law’, and among the litigation legal doctrines, ⅱ) the dual theory (二肢說) is ‘application (subject of claim) and facts (cause of claim)’ On the other hand, ⅲ) Ilji theory (一肢說) is understood only as an ‘application’ and as a litigation matter. Recently, iv) new substantive law theory has been advocated, which revises the concept of traditional civil law claims and understands ‘claims of claims under substantive law in a modified sense’ as litigation matters. The arguments of each of the above theories are, in principle, based on the unity of litigation theory and are currently the majority opinion. However, in recent years, along with doubts about the dogma of uniformity of litigation theory, rapid changes in the times surrounding litigation, and the litigation itself changing from the filing of a lawsuit to its completion, the principle that the standards at the time of commencement of litigation must be adhered to until the end is not systematic. It is a past theory that should be emphasized, and it is problematic to regard it as valid to date. In other words, there are attempts to give up the unified and absolute structure of litigation theory and to construct various concepts of litigation objects individually by dividing cases. For example, with regard to the issue of the litigation process, the litigation matter is viewed broadly and all facts suitable to justify the plaintiff’s application belong to the litigation matter (based on the log theory), but the scope of res judicata is narrowly viewed to protect the losing party. For this purpose, the facts, together with the application, are said to be components of the lawsuit (based on this theory). This is a discussion on “relative litigation theory,” which is one of the themes of the litigation dispute, and emphasizes the need for an individual and relative concept of the litigation object according to i) the type of lawsuit, ii) the governing principle of the litigation procedure, and iii) the function of the litigation object. This is also the opinion of German and Japanese scholars. In other words, it refers to the issue of whether to construct the concept of litigation matter in a unified manner or to construct it individually by considering each of the above elements. In the following, we examine cases where the concept of litigation matter is treated differently by specifically distinguishing the three elements above.

싱가포르조정협약에 따른 조정상 합의와 민사집행법상의 집행력

장완규(Jang, Wan-Kyu) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2024 법학연구 Vol.75 No.-

The Singapore Mediation Convention was enacted to ensure the enforcement of mediation agreements reached between parties in international commercial disputes. The Convention stipulates that mediation agreements must be in writing and that the mediator must be a neutral third party. If the requirements of the Convention are met, the mediation agreement is legally binding and provides that the courts of each country can recognize the enforceability of the mediation agreement. This paper examines only the issue of granting enforcement power to agreements reached through mediation under the agreement, and it should be noted in advance that the scope of the examination is not expanded to include agreements reached through mediation procedures that are generally utilized. Finally, I have examined in detail the method of introducing legal provisions that I am thinking of in relation to granting enforcement power (execution power). This is a plan to add a new item 6 to Article 56 of the Civil Execution Act to add ‘execution power recognized by treaty’ as a type of enforcement power. At this time, in order to clarify the eligibility of the enforcement power, a provision is newly established in the proviso clause with the content “only in cases where the court permits it through an enforcement decision upon the application of the parties.” In addition, with regard to the opinion that the introduction of a unified mediation procedure law is urgent, first of all, when considering that mediation is a dispute resolution method that replaces litigation, that is, an autonomous dispute resolution based on the free will of the parties, attempting to regulate too many contents with the mediation procedure law is putting the cart before the horse and is not in line with the essence of mediation as an autonomous dispute resolution, and it is unreasonable as it brings an extra-legal mediation procedure into the framework of the bill. In conclusion, if the agreement on mediation according to the agreement is stipulated as a type of enforcement authority under the Civil Execution Act, the problem of granting enforcement power will be resolved simply and clearly.

전자소송법의 제정내용과 시사점 -「민사소송 등에서의 전자문서 이용 등에 관한 법률」의 시행에 즈음하여-

장완규 ( Wan Kyu Jang ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2010 법학논총 Vol.34 No.1

The development of IT technology in modern society we live in have brought many changes to the environment. Korea IT powerhouse with the world`s leading information society is a known fact that. In addition, the global e-government of implementing the wave motion with the information rather than paper documents to facilitate the use of electronic documents to a law was enacted. This is a new paradigm shift in the law brought in the first half. In recent years, the people`s right to realize 「Civil Procedure on Using electronic documents(「민사소송 등에서의 전자문서 이용 등에 관한 법률」)」 was enacted and performed. This law throughout the civil proceedings is to use electronic documents. Enforcement of this Act in the current civil proceedings are expected to bring big changes. Thus, the new changes to the legal system should correctly understand. And in order to adapt to changes throughout this paper is to introduce general information on e-Filing.

개정 ｢채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률｣안에 대한 고찰

장완규(Wan-Kyu Jang) 한국민사소송법학회 2013 민사소송 Vol.17 No.1

This paper is about legal issues of and improvement of the adoption of ‘Automatic Stay’ in recently revised ｢DEBTOR REHABILITATION AND BANKRUPTCY ACT(‘채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률’)｣. ｢DEBTOR REHABILITATION AND BANKRUPTCY ACT｣ was enacted in 2005 modeling the federal bankruptcy laws of the United States, while the pros and cons on whether the adoption of Automatic Stay system on the United States Federal bankruptcy laws was vigorously discussed in Korea. Recently, One of the major amendments to ｢DEBTOR REHABILITATION AND BANKRUPTCY ACT｣ was the adoption of Automatic Stay system. So, this paper reviewed ｢DEBTOR REHABILITATION AND BANKRUPTCY ACT｣ in connection with the adoption of the Automatic Stay system, and proposed ways for improving in response to several questions raised by people. First of all, this paper discussed the structure and the status of the current bankruptcy system in connection with the amendments. Then this paper pointed out the problem with General Order Given to Prohibit Compulsory Execution(‘포괄적 금지명령’) and discussed the feasibility of the adoption of the Automatic Stay system.

초연결사회의 도래와 빅데이터 -법제도적 개선방안을 중심으로-

장완규 ( Jang Wan-kyu ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2018 과학기술법연구 Vol.24 No.2

빅데이터 산업은 미래의 국가경쟁력을 좌지우지할 중요한 산업분야로서 제4차 산업혁명의 핵심분야다. 특히 IT기술의 발달과 함께 인터넷의 빠른 보급으로 인하여 스마트폰, 태블릿 컴퓨터, 웨어러블 기기 등의 모바일기기를 비롯하여 사물인터넷 및 각종 센서 등을 통한 네트워크 접속이 빈번하게 이루어짐으로써 현재 우리는 초연결사회를 살아가고 있다. 초연결사회와 빅데이터 환경은 과거에 비해 데이터의 양이 폭증했다는 점과 함께 데이터의 종류도 다양해져 사람들의 행동은 물론 위치정보와 SNS를 통해 사람들의 생각과 의견까지 분석하고 예측할 수 있게 되었다. 즉 디지털 경제의 확산으로 우리 주변에는 규모를 가늠할 수 없을 정도로 많은 정보와 데이터가 생산되는 '빅데이터(Big Data)' 환경이 도래하고 있다. 제4차 산업혁명의 시대와 함께 빅데이터는 21세기의 원유라 비유될 정도로 모든 산업의 근간이자 소스(IoT, Cloud Computing, 인공지능, 무인자율주행차 등)가 되고 있다. 초연결사회를 살아가는 현 시점에서 우리에게 개인정보의 이용 및 활용에 대한 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 즉 너무 경직된 개인정보 보호의 체계에서 벗어나 좀 더 유연한 자세를 가지고 개인정보나 데이터를 바로 보아야 할 때라고 생각한다. 더불어 우리가 법제도적으로 검토해 보아야 할 문제점들도 여기저기 발생하고 있다. 다양한 경로를 통하여 수집, 저장, 가공된 데이터로 인하여 개인정보가 침해되는 일이 발생하는 경우, 빅데이터 분석기법에 활용된 알고리즘의 오류 또는 편향성으로 인하여 전혀 다른 왜곡된 결과가 도출됨으로써 이로 피해를 입는 경우, 그리고 빅데이터 분석을 통해 얻은 결과물에 대한 영업비밀로서의 가치 또는 저작권으로서의 보호 가능성 등 지적재산권의 보호 및 침해 등의 다양한 문제점들이 발생한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ‘빅데이터’란 무엇인지, 그리고 지금 현재 어떻게 활용되고 있으며, 구체적으로 어떠한 문제점들이 있는지 하나하나 짚어보고 이를 개선하기 위한 방안으로 개인정보보호의 관점, 알고리즘 규제 관점, 그리고 지적재산권적 관점에서 빅데이터를 살펴보고자 한다. 더불어 제4차 산업혁명을 다루는 기술 분야에 대한 입법은 경직된 법체계보다는 자율규제 또는 자기통제의 방식으로 추진해 나가는 방식이 타당하다고 생각한다. 현행법으로는 급속도로 발전하는 기술의 속도를 따라잡을 수 없으며 그 법은 기술의 혁신을 가로막는 규제로 남게 될것이기 때문이다. 일단 자율규제의 방식에 따라 운용해 나가면서 법의 미비나 강력한 규제가 필요한 부분에 대해서는 사후적으로 입법을 하는 방식으로 규율해 나가는 것이 현명하다. 필자가 제시하는 입법방식으로는 네거티브 규제나 규제 샌드박스의 형태가 유용하다는 점을 밝혀둔다. The Big Data Industry is an important industrial field that will control the future national competitiveness and is the core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Especially, with the development of IT technology and rapid diffusion of the Internet, network connection is frequently made through mobile devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, wearable devices, object internet, and various sensors. As a result, we are now living in a super-connected society. The Advent of Hyper-Connected Society and big data environments have seen a surge in data volume compared to the past. And the kinds of data have been diversified so that people's behaviors as well as location information and SNS can analyze and predict people's thoughts and opinions. In other words, the 'Big Data' environment is in the process of producing large amounts of information and data that can not be measured due to the spread of the digital economy. With the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Big Data has become the basis of all industries and sources(IoT, Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Self-driving Car, etc.). At this point, we need to change our perception of the use and use of personal information. In other words, I think it is time to look at personal information and data with a more flexible attitude away from the rigid system of personal information protection. In addition, there are many problems that we have to examine legally. Specifically, big data and privacy, big data and algorithm bias, big data and intellectual property rights. Therefore, in this paper, I examine what Big Data is and how it is currently being used and what are the specific problems. In order to improve this, I want to examine big data in terms of privacy protection viewpoint, algorithm regulation viewpoint, and intellectual property point of view. In addition, I think that the legislation on the technology field dealing with the Fourth Industrial Revolution is appropriate in the way of self-regulation or self-control rather than rigid legal system. Current law can not catch up with the pace of rapidly evolving technology, and it will remain a barrier to technological innovation. It is prudent to rule in the way of legislation after the fact that it operates once according to the method of self-regulation and the part where the law is weak or strong regulation is necessary. It should be noted that the form of the negative regulation or regulatory sandbox is useful for the legislation that I present.

지정토론문 (인공지능 시대를 맞이하는 특허법상 도전과 혁신)

장완규(Jang, Wan-Kyu) 한국법학원 2021 저스티스 Vol.- No.182-2

통일한국을 대비한 민사절차법의 정비방안

장완규 ( Jang Wan-kyu ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2018 국제법무 Vol.10 No.1

After the Korean War, South Korea and North Korea have been suffering from conflicting and conflicting divisions in a relationship that has been disconnected for over half a century. The mood of reconciliation and peace that has come at the end of the recent confrontation between South Korea and North Korea is being created. This is important in that it took a step forward as a first step toward careful reunification. I think it is very meaningful to draw a picture of unified Korea that may be in the atmosphere of this thaw. However, it is clear that if we do not recognize the different legal system differences between the two Koreas, it will be a big obstacle to future unification of the two Koreas. To prepare for the upcoming reunification, it is necessary to have a clear and objective understanding of the laws that form the basis of the social system. Therefore, it is very clear that a clear understanding of the legal system of North Korea should be preceded and this will enable the integration of the legal system after the reunification. In particular, the Civil Procedure Act constitutes an important axis of the study of the Unification Law in that it is used as the sole means of solving legal disputes between the two Koreas living in different legal systems. It is very difficult to predict how the two Koreas will unify under the unified law system in the future. As in Germany, unification can be achieved through absorption unification. However, since it is possible to achieve unification of the unity of the federal character, it is necessary to distinguish the different ways of unification and to carry out research in order to examine the improvement plan of the civil procedure law system.

미국의 사법접근성 보장제도

장완규(Jang Wan Kyu) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2020 법학연구 Vol.31 No.1

According to a report published by the Korea Labor Institute, the income gap between low-income and high-income families was reported to have widened to the highest level in 2018. In order to meet the demands of judicial needs of the economically difficult people or marginalized groups, access to legal structures and judicial justice should be made easier. In the end, it is not an exaggeration to say that the difference between the rich and the poor is a difference in the accessibility of judicial means. Access to justice is ultimately essential for a better human life. Access to justice primarily means access to lawyers and courts and the right to judicial access means the right to equally participate in the institutions in which legal issues are discussed and found, and decisions are made. The right to judicial access means the right to equally participate in the institutions in which legal matters are discussed and found, and decisions are made. In order to strengthen the right of judicial access, it is necessary to establish an integrated platform for judicial assistance for the socially disadvantaged. Each court in the country does not need to support pro bono activities in different content and in different forms, but needs systematic and organized support for pro bono activities. To this end, it is necessary for all members of society to recognize the problems of the judicial gap, and efforts to resolve them are urgently needed.