대한민국 경제의 지속가능성장을 위한 통합리스크관리의 역할

장동한(Dong Han Chang),Dennis S. Cervantes 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2012 商經硏究 Vol.37 No.1

위험 요소를 구체적으로 파악하고 손실 발생 가능성과 예상손실을 면밀히 분석하여 그 상황에 최적인 사전 예방 및 사후 관리 수단을 모색하여 실행하고 점검하고 개선하는 일련의 의사결정 과정을 리스크관리라 한다. 우리 사회 성장에 불가피하게 수반되는 여러 리스크들을 사전 사후에 체계적으로 관리하고 발생 손실을 최소화함으로써 안정 속의 성장을 도모하는 시스템이다. 우리는 성장해야 한다. 개인도 가정도 성장해야 하고 우리가 속해 있는 조직도 성장해야 한다. 우리 조국 대한민국도 성장해야 하는데 그것도 지속적으로 성장해야 한다. 경제적 성과를 기반으로 환경도 보전하며 장기적으로 다 같이 잘 먹고 잘 살아야 한다. 이런 지속가능성장이 우리 사회의 비전이라고 할 수 있는데 비전을 구현하기 위해서는 구체적이고 현실적인 전략이 필요하다. 지속성장 비전을 위한 핵심 전략의 하나가 바로 리스크관리인데 안정적인 성장을 위해 서는 필수 전략이다. 급속한 고령화와 노후 불안, 구제역 사태, 환경 파괴와 자연재해, 테러리즘, 글로벌 금융위기, 연평도 사태와 북핵 위협 등 인적 리스크, 재물 리스크, 배상책임 리스크, 재무 리스크, 신용 리스크, 정치적 리스크가 우리 사회가 직면하고 있는 리스크들의 대표적인 유형인데 이들은 또 이래 저래 서로 얽혀 있다. 이런 상황에서 각 리스크를 개별적으로 관리하는 기존의 리스크관리 시스템은 한계가 있을 수밖에없고 효율적이지 못하다. 그래서 오늘날의 리스크관리는 통합적이고도 체계적인 리스크관리가 되어야 마땅한데 우리는 이의 중요성을 잘 이해하여야 하고 리스크관리 인프라 투자에 힘써야 한다. 우선, 적극적인 홍보를 통하여 리스크관리의 중요성에 대한 우리 사회 전반의 인식을 높여야 하겠다. 리스크관리 전문인력 양성을 위한 교육투자에도 비상한 관심을 가져야 할 것이며, 통합 리스크관리 서비스를 제공해 줄 수 있는 관련 비즈니스 발전에도 적극 힘써야 할 것이다. Individuals, businesses, and nations are growing. As our society grows we have more uncertainties as well. Natural and man-made catastrophes, terrorism and war, a widening gap between the haves and have-nots, immoralities and family breakdown, severe competition and unemployment, GMO threats, critically terrible viruses and so on. We are having more and more to worry about as we have more to use and more to eat. Out of many possible reasons, it is mainly due to a lack of risk management infrastructure in our society. It includes shaky systems of social security, financial regulation, crisis management and others. Risk management is the series of decision-making processes of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling activities and resources of an organization to minimize the adverse effects of fortuitous events at a minimum cost to individuals, families, and private or public entities. We have to grow. Individuals, businesses, and organizations we belong to must develop also. Korea is seeking sustainable growth and, beyond economic growth, we have to preserve the environment and grow together in the longer term. In order to achieve sustainable growth, which is the vision of the Korean economy, we need to set up specific and realistic strategies. A core strategy of sustainable growth is risk management and it is a must for growth with stability. An accelerated aging society, potential foot and mouth disease disasters, environmental destruction and natural catastrophes, the global economic crisis, terrorism and the Jasmine Revolution, and the threat of North Korean nuclear arms development, personal and property risks, liability risks, financial risks, credit risks, political risks are major types of risks we are facing today. And they are closely interrelated so that managing these risks individually is not good at all and this is why the current risk management system including insurance is improper and not very efficient. Today’s risk management has to be an integrated one and we need to invest for building up risk management infrastructure in an integrated way. First, reinforcement and cultivation of risk management professionals are absolutely required. Since integrated risk management addresses financial risks and credit risks, besides insurance, securing risk management professionals is definitely important. Also, since constructing an integrated risk management system is absolutely required, we have to promote relevant industries which can provide well-managed risk management services in an integrated way.

산재보험 사업종류의 분리,통합기준에 관한 연구

장동한 ( Dong Han Chang ) 한국보험학회 2010 保險學會誌 Vol.85 No.-

보증옵션(Guarantee Option)의 활용을 통한 변액연금시장의 발전방안

장동한(Dong Han Chang),서유경(Yu Kyoung Seo) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2009 商經硏究 Vol.34 No.1

Korea is facing the serious problem of aging population. Korea’s rapid growth and industrialization increase the need for financial planning and retirement and pension plans have been acknowledged as critical for financial planning. This study analyzes solutions for potential problems of Korean national pension and occupational pension plan. Annuity market is growing rapidly and insurers have developed products that meet retiree’s demands more effectively. One of the most popular products is Variable Annuity(VA), a unit-linked product commonly sold with a guarantee. Out of VA products, a guaranteed minimum death benefit(GMDB) was introduced first. Since the late 1990s, US insurers have enhanced VA products by offering guaranteed living benefit(GLB). Main types of GLB include Guaranteed Minimum Accumulation Benefit(GMAB), Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit(GMIB), Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit(GMWB), and Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefit(GLWB). For Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit(GMWB), specified amount is guaranteed for withdrawals during the contract period as long as both withdrawal amount and the total amount that is withdrawn over the policy period stay within certain limits. VA’s guarantee options, especially GMWB, have proven popular. VAs have been one of the fastest growing retirement products in the US and its sales in Japan have increased dramatically. Similar products are being launched in Korea and GMWB would be good for insurers and retiring insureds. More competitive product development and improvements of market practice are necessary for successful GMWB market in Korea.

의료보험의 출산휴가급여 지원방안에 관한 연구

장동한(Dong Han Chang) 한국사회보장학회 1997 사회보장연구 Vol.13 No.1

Today the maternity protection of female workers is widely recognized as essential for maintaining and sound develpment of our society, not as the special treatment for women. That is, the very beneficiary of the maternity protection is the whole society not to speak of the female workers. This is why all the developed countries around the world fully support various maternety protection programs. On the contrary, Korean businesses are heavily burdened by bearing high maternity protection costs and this is pointed out as the very reason behind the avoidance and/or discrimination against female workers and low economic participation of females in Korea. It is very fortunate recently this issue has been raised and solutions are discussed seriously for sharing the costs of maternity benefits by the parties concerned. The propose of this study is to discuss the justification of the social sharing of the maternity benefits and to analyze alternative ways of social sharing economically with respect to minimization of the social cost. Out of alternative ways, that is, maintenance of the current employer bearance policy, establishment of a special fund or utilization of social insurance schemes, the support by medical insurance is analyzed as the best way to finance the maternity leave benefits. However, considering some realistic problems in utilizing the current medical insurance system right away, gradual involvement of medical insurance is recommended to support the maternity leave program.

논문 : 산재보험 업종분류체계 개선방안에 관한 연구

장동한 ( Dong Han Chang ) 한국보험학회 2006 保險學會誌 Vol.74 No.-

전략물자 수출통제 제도의 리스크 관리를 위한 수출보험 활용방안

장동한(Dong Han Chang),도광호(Kwang Ho Dho),서유경(Yu Kyoung Seo) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2007 商經硏究 Vol.32 No.1

The export control of strategic items(ECSI) is the international export control system for businesses involved in trading items of possible use for military purpose and they are required to abide by its regulation for global peace and security. The significance of ECSI is so great to South Korea who is in special relationship with North Korea, one of the notorious terrorist regimes in the world. The purpose of this study is to review the ECSI with respect to its history, current condition, and its problems and to propose to use export insurance as risk management for ECSI. Problems of current ECSI include limitations in credit survey of foreign importers, extra expenses incurred to domestic business, possibly severe penalty imposed on accused business, delay in claim settlements and so on. These problems and costs can be efficiently managed by export insurance that can provide good information and utilize total risk management for exporters.

중국 청정개발체제(CDM)사업의 리스크관리에 관한 연구

장동한(CHANG Dong Han),양신륭(YANG Xin Long) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2011 商經硏究 Vol.36 No.1

오늘날 지구온난화 문제는 단순한 환경적인 문제를 넘어서 정치경제적인 문제로 대두되었고 대기의 이용에 대한 국가 간 논의와 합리적인 관리의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 교토의정서(2005년2월)는 지구온난화를 막기 위해 ‘공통의 그러나 차별화된’ 책임 및 능력에 기초하여 기후체제를 보호할 것을 천명하였는데 특히 선진국의 선도적 역할을 규정하였다. 청정개발체제(CDM)는 개발도상국이 참여할 수 있는 유일한 교토메커니즘으로 이를 통해 개발도상국은 지속가능한 발전을 추구할 수 있을 것이다. 포스트교토 체제 논의를 위한 코펜하겐 기후변화회의(2009년12월)에서는 향후 선진국은 물론 개발도상국도 어떤 형태로든 온실가스 감축노력에 동참할 것을 요구하였다. 개발도상국으로서의 중국은 CO₂배출량 1위 국가로 CDM 참여에 중요한 정책적 의미를 두게 되었다. 에너지 소비대국이자 세계 1위의 온실가스 배출국인 중국은 2012년 이후 온실가스 감축의무 대상국이 될 가능성이 크다. 본 연구는 CDM사업의 현황과 문제점을 검토하고, 중국을 대상으로 CDM사업의 중요성과 리스크관리 방안에 대하여 구체적인 사례를 가지고 분석하였다. Today the global warming becomes more and more serious issue for all of us. We finally agree that global warming problem can be effectively controlled only through international cooperation. In order to reduce greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted. The Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol is a new theme accompanied by international climate change negotiation process. After Kyoto Protocol came into force, the rapid growth of CDM project activities all over the world has created a good opportunity for developing countries to pursue a sort of win-win development of economy and environment. Although China has contributed much to the development and improvement of CDM activities and GHG emission reduction, there are some obvious problems such as geographically bad distribution of projects, unfair sharing of project information and so on. Meanwhile, as the expiration of the first Kyoto commitment period is coming due, international negotiations on the post 2012 framework are under way which may reform CDMs. As a result, implementing CDM project will encounter higher risks than for conventional projects and may cause difficulties in project developments with high cost. These risks will influence project structure and CER(Certified Emission Reduction) transactions. For CDM project developers, investors and relevant consulting organizations, these risks should be clearly recognized and carefully managed. Measures should be taken to address these risks in order to make wise investment decisions. This study analyzes the CDM project risks of China and recommends available unilateral CDM model which, through division of risks, may save time and reduce post Kyoto risk.

신바젤협약의 경기순응성과 우리나라 예금보험제도의 대응방안

장동한 ( Dong Han Chang ),최필선 ( Pil Sun Choi ) 韓國保險學會 2008 保險學會誌 Vol.80 No.-

지속 가능 성장과 재난 리스크 관리

장동한(Dong Han Chang) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2014 商經硏究 Vol.39 No.2

우리 사회는 계속 성장하고 있다. 그런데 사회가 성장할수록 사회적 불확실성 또한 더욱 많아지고 점점 커진다. 천재지변, 대형 인재, 테러와 전쟁, 양극화 심화, 가정 파괴, 경제난, 먹거리 불안, 신종 바이러스 출현 등. 가진 건 많아지고 먹는 건 풍성해졌는데 사회적 불안은 날로 커지고 있다. 왜일까? 여러 답들이 있겠지만 굳이 정리해서 얘기하자면 우리사회의 리스크 관리 인프라가 절대적으로 부족한 탓이 아닐까 싶다. 안정 속의 성장으로 정의되는 지속 가능 성장이 우리 사회의 발전 비전임을 생각해 볼 때 안정을 향상하기 위한 리스크 관리는 지속 가능 성장을 위한 핵심전략이 된다. 세월호 사고 이후 우리 사회의 안전 경시 풍조에 대한 비판이 거세다. 불안전이나 불안정은 리스크 관리가 부실한 결과이다. 특히 엄청난 인적, 물적, 정신적 피해를 유발하는 재난에 대해서는 고도의 리스크 관리노력이 절실하게 필요하다. 우리 사회는 고속 성장 과정에서 숱하게 많은 재난을 겪어 왔음에도 불구하고 재난 리스크 관리는 여전히 부실하다. 삼풍백화점 붕괴(1995), 대구지하철 화재(2003), 태풍 매미(2003), 태안 기름유출(2007), 세월호 침몰(2014) 등이 대표적인데 천재나 인재로 인한 사회적 손실은 실로 막대하다. 문제는 불가피하게 발생하는 천재보다 비슷한 실수의 반복에 따른 인재가 끊이지 않고 있다는 점이다. 이제 재난 리스크에 대한 사고 예방, 비상사태 발생 시 효과적인 대처, 피해보상을 아우르는 총체적이고도 체계적인 리스크 관리 시스템의 구축이 절실하다. Our society keeps growing. While it shows consistent growth, social uncertainties also have become more frequent and bigger. These social uncertainties may include natural catastrophes, manmade disasters, war and terrorism, family breakdown, economic crisis, food anxiety, and new virus. Our living condition and quality of life have been consistently improved; however, uncertainties seem to grow a lot also. Why? Out of several answers to this question, lack of infrastructure for good risk management may be the main reason behind it. Considering the fact that sustainable growth in a stable environment is a key element of our vision of the future development, we can say that risk management, which contributes to improving stability as well as safety, is a core strategy of sustainable growth. After sinking of the Sewol ferry cruise in 2014 in Korea, there has been heavy criticism on Koreans’ insensitivity to safety. Insecurity and instability are resulting from poor risk management. In order to deal with disasters causing tremendous damage of humans and properties, and psychological damage, high level of efforts have to be put into. Korean society still has poor disaster risk management system despite many disasters during its rapid economic growth. Seongsu Bridge Collapse (1994), Sampoong Department Store Collapse (1995) Daegu Subway Fire (2003), Typhoon Maemi (2003), Taean Oil Spill (2007), and Sinking of Sewol Ferry (2014). Whether it is manmade disaster or a natural catastrophe, social cost out of a disaster are enormous. Natural catastrophes are, in many cases, considered to be unpredictable or inevitable. The biggest problem that we have is that we keep making stupid manmade disasters by repeating similar mistakes over and over. We desperately need to establish integrated and systematic risk management system which covers accident prevention, effective disaster response, and proper compensation for damage out of disaster.

개인구좌제도의 도입을 통한 우리나라 연금시스템의 발전 방안

장동한 ( Dong Han Chang ) 한국금융연구원 2005 금융조사보고서 Vol.2005 No.2