트라이애슬론 스포츠폭력 사건에 투영된 트라이애슬론 선수들의 경험과 인식

김희주 ( Kim Hee-ju ),장덕선 ( Chang Duk-sun ) 한국융합과학회 2022 한국융합과학회지 Vol.11 No.8

연구목적 본 연구는 故 최숙현 선수의 희생이 헛되지 않기를 바라는 마음으로 시작되었다. 연구대상은 2020년 스포츠폭력에 의해 고인이 된 최숙현 선수의 사망사건을 직·간접적으로 경험한 철인3종경기 선수 30명이다. 연구방법 연구방법은 내러티브의 3차원적 공간 중 개인적·사회적 차원과 내적·외적 지향에 중점을 두고, 연구 참여자의 스포츠폭력에 대한 인식과 경험을 개방형 질문으로 조사하였다. 이 후 추가적 심층면담을 실시하였다. 특히 참여자들이 현역선수들이기 때문에 연구참여중단의 가능성과 익명성을 보장하였다. 연구자는 25년간 트라이애슬론 선수로 활동을 하였으며, 직접 피해자이기도 하다. 결과 자료의 귀납적 범주화 결과, 스포츠폭력 사건에 대한 인식에는 기본신념 붕괴, 제도적 문제, 우려, 감정 등이 나타났다. 인지된 내적 변화에는 부정적 영향 없음, 제도적 문제, 간접 트라우마 등이 나타났다. 인지된 외적 변화로는 부정적 영향 없음, 간접 트라우마 등이 나타났다. 지각된 변화로는 변화와 기타로 나타났다. 변화의 시발점은 처벌에 대한 생각, 감정, 제도적 문제 등이 도출 되었으며 변화의 방향성으로는 2차 피해 우려, 확실한 변화 요구, 제도적 해결책 필요 등으로 나타났다. 결론 결과를 토대로 트라이애슬론의 스포츠폭력 사건에 대한 답변을 시간의 흐름 순으로 정리하여 새로운 패러다임 모형을 제시하였다. Purpose This study was started with the hope that the sacrifice of the deceased player, Sook-Hyun Choi, would not be in vain. The subjects of this study were 30 Korean triathletes who directly or indirectly experienced the case of Choi Sook-hyeon, who died of sports violence in 2020. Methods The research method focused on personal and social dimensions and internal and external orientation among the three-dimensional space of the narrative, and conducted an open-ended questionnaire about the research participants' perceptions and experiences of sports violence. After that, additional in-depth interviews were conducted during the analysis process to collect data. In particular, since the participants are active players, the possibility of discontinuation of research participation and anonymity were guaranteed in consideration of ethical issues that may arise from this. In addition, the research was conducted in consideration of the fact that the researcher had been active as a triathlete for 25 years and was also a victim. Result As a result of inductive categorization of the collected data, the perception of sports violence incidents revealed a breakdown of basic beliefs, institutional problems, concerns, and emotions. There were no negative effects on perceived internal changes, institutional problems, and indirect trauma. As for the perceived external changes, there were no negative effects and indirect trauma. Changes and others were perceived as changes. As the starting point of change, thoughts, feelings, and institutional problems about punishment were derived. As for the direction of change, concerns about secondary damage, a clear demand for change, and the need for an institutional solution were shown. Conclusion A new paradigm model was presented by arranging the responses to the three types of sports violence cases in the order of time flow.

Disciplinary Session 11 / Sport Management / Leisure Sport Management and Marketing : 스포츠 직업 가치관의 측정 모델에 대한 연구 : 사회체육학과 학생을 대상으로

장덕선,이인화 ( Duk Sun Chang,In Hwa Lee ) 한국체육학회 1998 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.2

엘리트 여성 은퇴선수의 진로전환을 위한 비대면 CAP+진로집단상담프로그램(CGCP)의 적용 및 효과

안현숙 ( Hyunsook Ahn ),장덕선 ( Duksun Chang ),윤재량 ( Jaeryang Yoon ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2021 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.32 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 30대 엘리트 여성 은퇴선수들이 자신이 추구하고자 하는 가치관을 찾아 미래에 지속할 수 있는 직업을 선택할 수 있도록 도와주는 것이며, 스포츠선수들의 진로전환을 위한 통합적인 진로상담프로그램을 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 연구대상자는 목적적 표집(purposive sampling)에 의한 눈덩이 표집(snowball sampling)방법을 사용하여 총 6명을 선정하였으며, 모두 여성이다. 프로그램은 CAP+프로그램을 기반으로 한 30대 엘리트 여성 은퇴선수들의 진로전환을 위한 진로집단상담프로그램(Career Group Counseling Program: CGCP)을 구성하여 온라인 플랫폼(ZOOM)을 통한 비대면방식으로 진행하였다. 그리고 단일사례연구(Single-case research)로서 질적·양적 방법을 적용한 통합적 연구방법(Mixed research methods)을 적용하였다. 결과: 질적결과는 자기요인과 직업요인의 결과들이 나타났다. 자기요인은 자신과 타인의 인식으로 나타났으며, 양적연구결과의 진로정체감에 영향을 주어 하위요인들이 향상된 것으로 판단되며, 능력과 자신감요인에서 차이를 보였다. 직업요인은 직업정보측면과 직업계획측면으로 나누어 나타났다. 직업에 대한 정보인식과 계획으로 진로준비행동요인은 전체적으로 향상된 변화로 나타났으며, 도구준비행동, 목표달성행동요인에서 차이를 보였다. 진로성숙도는 진로성향성 요인에서만 차이가 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 은퇴예정이거나 은퇴선수들 모두에게 CAP+진로집단상담프로그램이 효과가 있었으며 긍정적인 영향으로 나타났다. 결과에서 나타났듯이 스포츠선수들의 진로정체성과 진로준비행동에 대한 포괄적인 점검이 요구되며 진로준비행동이 향상될 수 있도록 운동뿐만 아니라 폭넓은 직업의 시야 확대와 확대된 관련 분야에 대한 진로준비의 계획이 체계적으로 이루어지도록 은퇴 전 운동과 진로교육병행 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 운동선수환경에 맞는 맞춤형교육으로 다양한 지역과 종목의 선수들이 쉽고 편안한 장소에서 함께할 수 있는 온라인플랫폼의 비대면교육 활성화방안 마련이 요구된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to help elite retired female athletes in their 30s find the values they want to pursue and choose a job that can be sustained in the future, and to present an integrated career counseling program for sports players’ career change. Methods: The study subjects selected a total of six people using the snowball sampling method by purpose sampling, all of whom are women. Based on the CAP+ program, the program organized the Career Group Counseling Program (CCCP) for the career transition of elite retired female athletes in their 30s through the online platform (ZOOM). This study applied the Mixed search methods, which applied qualitative and quantitative methods as single-case research. Results: The results show that Self and occupational factors appeared for career change. Self-factor influenced the sense of career identity of quantitative research results with the perception of oneself and others, and the lower factors were judged to have improved, and showed differences in ability and confidence factors. Occupational factors appeared divided into career information and career planning. The perception of these professions has resulted in an improved change in the factors of career preparation. And Career maturity factors only showed differences in career-oriented factors. Conclusion: The study showed that the CAP+career group counseling program works and has a positive effect on both players who are scheduled to retire or are retired. As shown in the results, a comprehensive inspection of the career identity and career preparation behavior of sports players is required. In order to improve career preparation behavior, I believe that career education measures should be prepared in advance so that not only exercise but also career preparation plans for a wide range of jobs and related fields can be systematically carried out. In addition, customized education tailored to the athletes’ environment will have to come up with measures to promote non-face-to-face education on an online platform where athletes and sports players from various regions can be together in an easy and comfortable place.

스포츠 심리기술훈련이 초등학교 남자배구선수들의 심리기술과 생활기술 향상에 미치는 효과

박혜주 ( Hye Ju Park ),장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ) 한국스포츠과학원 2015 체육과학연구 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect on elementary school students in the exercise start stage by performing a sport psychological skill training to improvement of psychological skill and life skill. Participants were eight elementary school boys volleyball player. The program consisted of psychological skills and life skills in educational counseling model of Visek et al(2009). It was conducted 40-50 minutes a session in total for 22 sessions. Data was collected through a psychological test, worksheet and participant observation, in-depth interviews. The collected data was analyzed to verify difference by paird t-test after pre-middle-post test and to extract meaningful data category. Quantity analysis showed that a result of sport psychological skill test proved a significant difference in willingness to overcome, confidence, concentration, anxiety regulation. Life skill test were no significant differences in all factors. However, the rise of scores was observed on result of the pre-middle paired t-test of life skill during season. Quality analysis showed possibility of goal setting, concentration on the routine, decrease of competitive anxiety, increase of positive thinking, self-understanding and understanding of others, promotion of communication among team members. This sport psychology skill training had a significant effect on the psychological skills of elementary players change. But it seems to be necessary life skills in a more through review of the information.

볼링선수들의 수용전념훈련 과정의 서술적 분석

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ),정영희 ( Young Hee Jung ),정희령 ( Huri Ryeong Jung ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2014 스포츠사이언스 Vol.31 No.2

This study aimed to college bowler, 9 sessions were dedicated to accommodate· Acceptance commitment therapy is cognitive behavioral therapy (cognitive-behavior therapy), the third is the trend of psychological therapeutic techniques· 1 session is the time to introduce the ACT· Composition of the atmosphere of service to the music, aromatherapy and more prepared· 2 sessions required is an open mind! Indian-style name and the theme throughout the interviews had forgotten to wake up in the day-to-day role· 3 sessions, starting with an authentic act of mindfulness through meditation and directives were focused practice· Awareness, self-contained in the directive entered the players`` heart distress, physical sensations, emotions, and will accommodate· 4 sessions of cognitive de-fusion session· Milk and anxiety, or at least not out loud rhythmic ride by utilizing fusion showed an understanding of practice· 5 sessions as a new alternative for the control was willing to experience· Do not think of a pink elephant for example, through the avoidance of how difficult it was irrelevant whether the experience· 6 sessions performed by the reaction of failure and success habits self to understand the conceptualization· Fixed by the fusion of the language patterns of emotional distancing was attempted· Process of selecting a value of seven sessions· Statements of performing his funeral gravestone look at some players want to be remembered as the value of life through technology, and the players were· 8 sessions dedicated to the pursuit of what is valuable and the obstacles and difficulties that confronted the session· Practice eye contact throughout the 30 seconds in a difficult situation very easy or very little disorder experience how easy it is to assess whether they were devoted to interfere· Whether through nine training sessions in the program evaluation of the most memorable and why , for training and the change due to the changed degree of satisfaction, and that was why the technology· ACT by these groups through counseling and training, players will fight in the awareness and acceptance, defusion, target, trying to concentrate, and was found to be applicable·

우수 유도선수의 상담 및 심리훈련의 효과

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2005 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.16 No.4

우수 역도선수들의 집중력 단서와 방해요인 탐색

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ),원신희 ( Sin Hee Won ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2008 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 역도선수들이 평소 연습과 시합상황에서 1) 어디에 집중을 하며, 2) 집중을 하기 위해 어떠한 행동을 하고, 3) 집중력을 방해하는 요인이 무엇이며, 4) 주의산만 후 재집중을 시도했을 때의 성공과 실패사례를 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 대학 및 실업팀 남여 역도선수 총 40명을 대상으로 개방형 질문지를 시행하였다. 선수들은 대표경험을 기준으로 우수와 일반으로 분류하였다. 내용분석은 반복숙독 후 동일한 원자료끼리 묶고 다시 유사한 내용끼리 묶어 범주 및 차원화하였다. 우선 어디에 집중하는가를 분석한 결과 훈련과 시합상황에서 역도선수들은 경기력 수준에 관계없이 집중하기 위해 대부분 외적조절보다 내적조절을 더 많이 하고 있었다. 집중을 유발하기 위한 행동으로 훈련시에는 경기력 수준과 관계없이 내적조절을 더 많이 하고 있으나 시합시는 우수선수들이 내적조절을 하는 반면 일반선수는 외적조절을 더 많이 하고 있었다. 집중방해 요인은 대부분 외적요인에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 산만 시 재집중 방법으로 성공한 사례를 조사한 결과 내적몰입과 신체활성으로 나타났으며, 실패사례는 주의 분산과 불안차원으로 분류되었다. This Exploration is to find out, in practice and real games, that 1) where Weight lifting athletes concentrate on, 2) what they do for concentration, 3) what factors cause failure of concentration, 4) and what determines success or failure when trying to reconcentrate after losing attention. In order to study for these things, we made an open questionnaire to 40 people, male and female weight lifting athletes who are in university team or professional team. The athletes are categorized into the Elite and the Average, based upon their National team experience. We analyzed the materials by classifying similar resources after careful reading and then, matching them into the identical categories. First of all, the result of examining where the athletes pay concentration on is that most athletes focus on mental controlling rather than external controlling to strengthen concentration regardless of the level of the game in both practice and a real match. In order to intensify the concentration, in practice games, both the Elite and the Average athletes do their best on mental controlling not considering about the level of the game. On the other hand, in real games, while the Elite athletes try to focus on mental controlling, the average athletes concentrate on external controlling more than mental controlling. Factors which influence destroying concentration are mostly caused by external things. Through analyzing various cases, we find out that mental concentration and active physical movement can contribute to successful reconcentration after losing attention, but scattered attention and nervous state of mind can cause the failure of reconcentration.

한국 여성체육인 리더양성을 위한 교육 프로그램 탐색

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ) 한국스포츠과학원 2010 체육과학연구 Vol.21 No.2

We invited 72 leaders who as a panel and had them search what is need and contents of leader education for a female to enter the leader class in the sports world. This study is consist of two aspect studies. Delphi Technique, and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). To study the gender difference on panels` reactions, there are two categories, agreement and importance. The agreement on the 11 questions regarding the necessity of training women leaders, there are no gender difference on persuing gender equality, learning each other`s merits, and balanced development of the Korea sports. But, women agreed much more that other man. There is some gender difference in the priority of the necessity of leader education such as necessity of leadership, extension of education opportunity, and no new development & information. There are 13 questions which show the gender difference out of 21 questions regarding the agreement and priority of the educational contents to produce women sports leaders. 12 questions show the gender difference in the importance of the educational content. After listing the priority of the categorized factors, Passion(will), Sociality, and Organization management came in order. Leadership, Openness, Administrative ability and Human nature education are followed. However, through the process of the analytic stratification, the relative priority of the subcomponents regarding the leader producing education for the women are the needs of the times, leader`s professionality, both gender development in order. The relative priority of the educational contents to produce women sports leaders is a human nature education, organization management, administrative ability, openness and passion, and sociality in order.

마음챙김 명상이 양궁선수의 자기관리에 미치는 영향

장덕선 ( Duk-sun Chang ),김진호 ( Jin-ho Kim ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2016 스포츠사이언스 Vol.33 No.2

This study was designed to 11 archery athletes in University, located in Seoul province, self-management comparative analysis after mindfulness meditation. It was performed that vipassana meditation, MBSR(Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction), MAC(Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment) application into 8 section mindfulness meditation program one hour per week. Self-management effects of the mindfulness meditation were analyzed by paired sample t tests after pre-post test. In addition, qualitative-analysis was performed to feedback and consultation of mindfulness meditation. Quantitative analysis First, Performance related factors of mental-management, training-management and body-management showed a significant increase. Second, Self-control related factors of Mental-management, body-management and unique-behavior-management showed a significant increase in post test. And qualitative analysis, players grew up strength of acceptance of the deal of worry and stress. Moreover, it was to find a solution to the other methods. Based on these results, broaden the target range High school, middle school and semi-pro team it is necessary to study the effects of mindfulness meditation. Also it suggests that studies need to be applied in winter training camp period, as well as game season.

스포츠지도자 리더유형이 임파워먼트와 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ),이인화 ( In Wha Lee ),허정훈 ( Jung Hoon Huh ) 한국스포츠심리학회 2011 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 한국 스포츠지도자들의 리더유형이 임파워먼트와 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 총 440명의 남녀 지도자를 대상으로 성별과 경력별에 따른 다변량분석, 상관분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 차이검증 결과 리더유형에서는 차이가 없었으나, 남자지도자가 여자지도자 보다 임파워먼트 중 의미와 유능 요인, 조직몰입 중 지속몰입과 규범몰입에서 더 높은 점수를 보였다. 둘째, 경력별 차이검증 결과 경력이 높은 지도자가 경력이 낮은 지도자 보다 과제와 변혁적리더십이 높았고, 임파워먼트와 조직몰입의 모든 요인에서 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 셋째, 상관분석 결과 리더유형과 임파워먼트, 조직몰입의 모든 요인 간에 정적 상관을 보였고, 단지 지속몰입만 유의한 상관이 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 변혁적 리더십은 임파워먼트 모든 요인과 정서몰입에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 과제리더십은 임파워먼트의 모든 요인과 정서몰입, 규범몰입에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 관계리더십은 임파워먼트의 영향력과 자기결정성, 정서몰입과 규범몰입에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 정서몰입은 영향력과 의미요인이, 지속몰입은 유능요인이, 규범몰입은 의미요인이 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과는 리더유형에 따라 임파워먼트와 조직몰입에 미치는 영향이 각각 다를 수 있고, 임파워먼트는 조직몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this study was to assess how leadership types affected empowerment and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 440 sport leaders in Korea and analyzed with two-way MANOVA, Pearson`s correlation analysis, and stepwise regression. The findings were summarized as follows. First, there were no sex differences by leadership types, but male coaches had higher scores on ``meaning`` and ``competence`` among the sub-factors of empowerment and on continuance commitment and normative commitment compared with female coaches. Second, coaches with high experience had higher scores on task and transformational leadership and on all the sub-factors of empowerment and organizational commitment. Third, all the sub-factors of leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment had positive correlations with one another, but no significant correlation with continuance commitment. Fourth, stepwise regression revealed transformational leadership had a significant influence on all the sub-factors of empowerment and emotional commitment and normative commitment. Relation leadership significantly influenced ``impact,`` ``self-determination`` among the sub-factors of empowerment, affective commitment and normative commitment. Last, affective commitment had a positive influence on ``impact`` and ``meaning`` and ``continuance commitment`` on ``meaning`` and ``normative commitment`` on ``meaning``.