엘리트 운동선수의 성별에 따른 안정시 심전도 특성

임인자,김태호,김찬 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

We have investigated resting 12 lead electrocardiogram of 1181 elite athletes with 173 age and sex matched sedentary controls and splitted according to sex to analyze the influence of gender and exercise. We found that males had a significant lower heart rate(p=0.046), prolonged conduction times(PR and QRS intervals), shortened repolarization times(QT intervals), increased maximal Q and T wave amplitudes, indices of right and left hypertrophy, higher maximal ST segment elevation and more ST segment depression than females(p<0.0001). Males had significant higher frequency in junctional rhythm, sinus bradycardia, first degree AV block, early repolarization and tall T wave(p<0.0001). But sinus rhythm, coronary sinus rhythm, sinus arrythmia were more frequent in females(p<0.0001). The differences in electrocardiogram parameters between males and females were also persisted when the athletes and control groups were investigated separately. We think that the gender is highly important factor for most parameters in the resting EKG, so we need the knowledge of the different upper normal limits of parameters according to gender for differential diagnosis between well trained athlete's heart and organic heart diseases.

이슈 : 탈대학로 현상의 현황과 과제

임인자 한국연극평론가협회 2015 연극평론 Vol.78 No.-

연극인들의 블랙리스트 저항운동과 블랙리스트 이후의 변화 -우리에게 무엇이었고, 무엇으로 남을 것인가?

임인자 한국연극학회 2023 한국연극학 Vol.1 No.85

[드라마투르그 노트] 대한민국 공무원들에게 질문한다! 성과 그 이상 무엇도 아닌 예술은 이제 그만! 예술가들이 직접 쓰는 결과보고서 : 〈지역 문화관광 전문인력 양성 및 관광콘텐츠 개발을 통한 창업지원 사업 『강진만 연극단 구강구산』 결과 보고서: 극단 창업 교육훈련 참여자 입장을 중심으로〉

임인자 공연과이론을위한모임 2019 공연과 이론 Vol.- No.74

Papaverine이 저분극된 토끼 유두근의 수축력과 활동전압에 미치는 영향

임인자,조성일,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.3

In Partially deppolarized, isolated papillary muscle from rabbit heart, the effect of papaverine on contractile force and calcium mediated slow action potential was investigated. Results were as follows; 1. Papaverine induced the negative inotropic effect dose-dependently in the majority of preparations, although some preparations showed the opposite namely positive inotropic response. The significant correlation was found between the degree of depression in tension and increase that of in drug concentration. 2. The contractile force depressed by papaverine was restored by calcium(4 mM). 3. In partially depolarized papillary muscle, papaverine reduced slightly both action potential amplitude and upstroke velocity (dV/dt_max). The duration of action potential (duration of 90% repolarization) was also increased by papaverine in a dose-dependent manner. 4. The resting membrane potential was not altered in low concentrations (10^-7∼5X 10^-6M) of papaverine, however, it was significantly decreased in high concentration (10^-5∼5X 10^-5M) of the drug. The slightly increased overshoot potential was also observed in the above at high concentration range. From these results, it is suggested that in papillary muscle of rabbit heart, inhibitory effect of papaverine on the contractility may be attributable to its antagonistic action on the calcium current rather than its inhibitory effect on the phosphodiesterase activity. The local anesthetic property of the drug may also contribute to the papaverine induced decreases in both contractile force and upstroke velocity. The prolongation of action potential duration brought by papaverine appears to be induced not by increase in calcium currents but by a decrease in K^+ conductance.

토끼의 위 유문동 근세포의 지연성 외향 포타슘 전류

임인자 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.2

To isolate and characterize the delayed rectifier K+ current of the single rabbit gastric antral myocytes, we used the whole cell mode of patch clamp techniques and manipulated the composition of bath and pipette solutions so that the other interfering currents would be minimized. CdCl2(1 mM) in the Ca2+-free Tyrode extracellular solution served to block calcium current and transient outward potassium current and EGTA(10 mM) in the pipette chelated intracellular calcium to inhibit the calcium-dependent activation of Ca2+-activated potassium currents. Test potentials ranged from -30mV to +40 mV were used because the Ca2+-activated potassium current is carried through a voltage-dependent change that can open at high potentials( > 60 mV) even in the absence of intracellular calcium. The Ca2+-activated potassium current is blocked by extracellular TEA in low doses(Beech and Bolton, 1989). So we added the TEA to the bath solution in various concentrations for blocking of Ca2+-activated potassium current. From the current-concentration relationship curve, 2∼ 4 mM TEA to the bath solution was sufficient to block Ca2'-activated potassium current. As we known, the delayed rectifier potassium current is not reduced by TEA of low dose(Beech and Bolton,1989). Thus we used 2∼4 mM TEA to the bath solution in all experiments for isolation of delayed rectifier potassium current only. These isolated currents share many characteristics with delayed rectifier potassium currents of the other tissues. The representative superimposed currents display less fluctation than Ca2+-activated potassium current and voltage-dependent activation in current-voltage curve The predominant charge carrier was the potassium ion because the reverasl potential (-75.1±2.15 mV, n=5) was similar to calculated Ek+(-78 mV). The outward potassium current were not inactivated by long duration pulses(5 sec) and were not changed by calcium addition(4 mM) to the bath solution. Thus these outward potassium currents did not show time-dependent inactivation and calcium-dependent properties. The delayed rectifier potassium current was blocked by low dose 4- AP in many other tissues. And in these experiments the outward potassium currents were reduced by 1 mM 4-AP. The well known specific Ca2+-activated potassium channel blocker, charybdotoxin was examined to block the residual Ca2+-activated potassium current in these outward potassium current. Therefore we concluded that the outward currents recorded from rabbit gastric antral myocytes in these experiments were delayed rectifier K+ currents and they had common characteristics with that of the other tissues. And 2∼4 mM TEA and 1 mM CdCl2 in bath solution and 10 mM EGTA in the pipette is sufficient to isolate the delayed rectifier K+ current with no use of charybdotoxin.

지금, 여기에 무슨 일이 벌어지고 있는가? -질문과 수행으로서의 동시대 연출가들의 새로운 소통 방식

임인자 한국연극평론가협회 2010 연극평론 Vol.59 No.-

토끼의 위 유문동 평활근 포타슘이온통로의 활성조절에 미치는 에스트로젠의 효과

임인자,양수진 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2001 中央醫大誌 Vol.26 No.2

Large conductance Ca^2+-activated K^+(maxi-K) channel was studied using insideout patches of smooth muscle cell from gastric antrum of rabbit. Single smooth muscle cell were obtained through proteolytic enzyme digestion(collagenase)and patch clamp technique was used. The maxi-K channel showed a single channel conductance of about 180 pS in physiological concentration of K^+ on both sides of patch. The channel activity was dependent on intracellular Ca^2+ concentration change. Estrogen increased the channel activity and the effects were voltage-and intracellular calcium-dependent. From these results, it is strongly suggested that maxi-K channels of rabbit gastric antral myocyte were activated by estrogen through membrance-delimited pathway.

백서 척수 후근 신경절에 존재하는 Mechanosensitive Two-pore Domain 포다슘 통로의 전기생리학적 특성

임인자,강경태,방효원 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2001 中央醫大誌 Vol.26 No.2

Mechanosensitive two-pore potassium channel families have been newly identified only within the last few years. They are found in different types of cells and species. Three potassium channels named TRAAK, TREK-1 and TREK-2 are activated by applying negative pressure or unsaturated free fatty acids to the cell membrane. We investigated the exstence and electrophysiological characteristics of mechanosenstive two-pore potassium channels in rat dorsale root ganglion neurones(DRGs). TRAAK,TREK-1 AND TREK-2 mRNA ARE EXPRESSED IN drg neurones DRG neurones as judged by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of TREK-2 mRNA is 30% compare to that of TRAAK and TREK-1. On the electrophysiological recording, however, the most common type of the currets in DRG neurones were activated by membrane stretch. The mechanosensitive pot assium channels of DRG neurones were also activated by arachidonic acid and alkalic pH. These results show that mechanosensitive potassium channels-TRAAK, TREK-1 and TREK-2 are expressed in DRG neurnes and they may exist as more complicated forms than the cloned potassium channels.

인간 정관 평활근의 포타슘 이온통로 활성조절에 미치는 프로제스톤의 효과

임인자,함형석 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2001 中央醫大誌 Vol.26 No.2

Large conductance Ca^2+-activated K^+(maxi-K) channels were studied using inside-out patches of smooth muscle cells from human Vas deferens. Single smooth muscle cells were obtained through preteolytic enzyme digestion and the patch clamp technique was used. The maxi-K channle showed a single channel conductance of about 150 pS in physiological concentration of K^+ on both sides of patch. The channel activity was dependent on intracellular Ca^2+ concentration change. Progesterone hardly affected the channel activity. As the application time incresed the channel activity was small increased a little but the effects were not statistically significant. Macroscopic recording results were almost the same as single channel recording results. From these results, it is suggested that maxi-K channel activities of human Vas deferens cells were independent of progesterone action.