安藤百福의 기업가정신과 日淸食品의 성장전략

임외석(Wae-Seuk LIM) 한국경영사학회 2007 經營史學 Vol.43 No.-

Momofuku Ando is an inventor of Chicken Ramen as instant ramen noodles and a founder of Nissin Foods. This is a paper that analyzed for the characteristics of his entrepreneurship and the growth strategy of Nissin Foods by framework based on former studies. His entrepreneurship includes 10 characteristics such as the indomitable spirit of challenge, the adventurous pioneer spirit, natural talent for invention, management philosophies of no debt, thoroughness for basic principle, activism that take the initiative and set an example, consistent mind for social responsibility, first policy for credit, exhaustive professionalism, and familial status of the employee. His management philosophies and working principles for Nissin Foods confirms to the his entrepreneurship. The growth strategy of Nissin Foods is expressed through the development strategy of new product, the enlargement strategy of market, and the diversification strategy of business. The new product s development strategy was pushed ahead with continuous development of new products(Chicken Ramen, Cup Noodle, etc.) based on Instant Noodle s 5 Principle and Meister System . The market enlargement s strategy has the special feature that expanded to the oversea market from the domestic market with the marketing strategy based on Product Manager System , Brand Manager System , and Brand Fight System . The business diversification strategy has specific characters that diversified to the business of chilled products, snack cakes, and dairy products from the business of instant ramen.

소니 창업자 盛田昭夫의 기업가정신과 글로벌전략

임외석(Wae-Seuk LIM) 한국경영사학회 2007 經營史學 Vol.45 No.-

Akio Morita is a great founder who started Sony Corporation with Masaru Ibuka. This paper analyzed the characteristics of his entrepreneurship, the management philosophies, and the growth strategy of Sony Corporation by using a framework of former studies. His entrepreneurship includes 10 characteristics such as the daring judgment, the indomitable spirit of challenge, the excellent prediction, various and special leaderships, passionate driving force, fearless confidence, quick adaptability for situation, flaming charisma, inveterate persuasion, and exhaustive professionalism. His entrepreneurship became the basis for the management philosophies and business strategies of Sony Corporation, His management philosophies for Sony Corporation are expressed Management Familism and globalization on management. The growth strategy of Sony Corporation is expressed through the product development strategy, the market expansion strategy, and the diversification strategy. The product development strategy was based on differentiation, advancement, application, improvement, and Sony’s brand power for the new technology and product. The market expansion strategy was driven by the input of new products, the globalization of brand image, and the competition in the Japanese market. The diversification strategy has specific characteristics that diversified into the business of computer hardware and software, mobile and communication network, movie and music software, robot, insurance, financial, distribution, from the production of audio and video machinery.

세계 초장수기업들의 장수요인에 대한 사례연구: - 창업천년 일본기업 3사를 중심으로 -

임외석(Wae-seuk LIM) 한국경영사학회 2018 經營史學 Vol.91 No.-

WHO가 2016년 5월 19일에 발표한 ‘세계보건통계2016’에 따르면, 일본이 남녀 평균에서 83.7세로 1위를 차지하였다. 일본은 사람뿐만 아니라 기업분야에서도 세계 최장수국가이다. 창업 100년 이상인 기업이 세계에서 가장 많은 34,394사이며, 이 가운데 창업 1,000년이 지난 초장수기업(超長壽企業)도 20여 개나 존재한다. 이 연구의 주제는 일본기업 중 창업 1,000년이 지난 초장수 기업으로서, 세계에서 창업순 위 1~3위에 해당되는 金剛組(Kongogumi), 池坊華道会(Ikenobo Kadokai), 慶雲館(Keiunkan) 을 대상으로 그들이 지금까지 장수할 수 있었던 요인들을 찾아보는데 있으며, 연구방법론에서는 사례분석을 바탕으로 한 탐색적 접근방법을 채택하였다. 연구주제를 분석하기 위해 먼저 장수기업에 대한 몇몇 선행연구들을 살펴보고, 본 연구에서 사용되는 키워드를 제한적으로 정의한 뒤, 이를 바탕으로 경영철학, 경영전략, 경영성과라는 3 가지 차원으로 구성된 연구 분석틀을 설계하였다. 그 다음은 창업 천년기업 3사의 창업역사와 현황에 대해 간략하게 소개한 뒤, 이어서 사업 운영전략과 사업승계전략의 관점에서 3사의 사례들을 분석하여 다음과 같은 장수요인에 해당 하는 전략적 특성들을 도출하였다. 첫째, 후계자를 선정할 때 자질과 능력을 전제로 하는 사업승계전략을 유지해왔는데, 이는 경쟁력 있는 경영자를 확보하여 경영의 안정화를 유지할 수 있으므로 장수경영을 가능하게 했다. 둘째, 의제혈연까지 수용하면서 혈연승계를 중시한 사업승계전략을 채택하고 있었는데, 이는 가업승계에 대한 책임감과 의무감을 강화시켜 장수경영을 가능하게 했다. 셋째, 장자를 중심으로 서열을 중시한 사업승계전략을 지속해왔는데, 이는 사업승계 시 발생할 수 있는 위계질서의 파괴에 따른 부작용과 손실을 방지하고 원활한 승계를 가능하게 하여 경영의 지속적 안정화를 통한 장수경영으로 이어지게 하였다. 넷째, 창업이후 종신제를 원칙으로 하는 사업승계전략을 지켜왔는데, 이는 단기성과(급성장) 에 대한 집착을 방지하고 장기적 관점에서 안정적 성장과 존속에 집중할 수 있게 하여 장수경영으로 연결시킬 수 있었다. 다섯째, 창업 당시의 업종에 전념하는 집중화 및 전문화 전략을 추구하는 사업운영전략을 고집해옴으로써 특화된 노하우를 축적하고 경쟁우위를 확보하여 장수경영을 가능하게 했다. 이러한 장수요인 분석을 통해서 알 수 있었던 시사점은 우리나라 기업과 같이 생물학적 혈연중심으로 사업승계가 이루어지면, 능력부재의 후계자에게 승계가 이루어져 장기적 성장은 물론 존속까지 위협을 받을 것이라는 점이다. 이상과 같은 연구결과는, 국내외 기업 및 단체의 경영자들이 장수경영을 위해 경영전략을 수립할 때 유익한 자료가 될 것이며, 기업 또는 각종 조직의 장수경영과 관련된 연구를 수행하거나 관심을 가진 연구자들에게 기초자료와 시사점들을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. According to the WHO’s World Health Statistics 2016 released on May 19, 2016, Japan was ranked first in the world with an average age of 83.7 for male and female. Japan is the world’s longest country not only in people but also in business. There are 34,394 companies that are more than 100 years old in Japan. Among them, there are about 20 super longevity companies that more than 1,000 years old. This study is to find out longevity factors of Kongogumi, Ikenobokadokai, and Keiunkan, which are third oldest companies in the world as a super longevity company that more than 1,000 years old. The research methodology is an exploratory approach based on case study. In order to analyze the theme of this study, we first review some previous studies on longevity companies, define the keywords used in this study, and then based on them, we have designed frame work based on the three dimensions of business philosophy, management strategy, and business performance. Next, after briefly introducing the history and the situation of the three longevity companies, we analyzed the cases of the three companies in terms of business operation strategy and business succession strategy and than found out strategic characteristics corresponding to the following longevity factors . First, when selecting successors, they have been pursuing business succession strategies based on their qualities and abilities. This enabled to maintain longevity management by securing competitive management and maintaining management stability. Second, they adopted a business succession strategy that focuses on succession by blood relation while accepting agendas. This strengthened the sense of responsibility and obligation for the family business succession for longevity management. Third, they have continued to pursue business succession strategies based on seniority. This prevented side effects and losses due to the disruption of the hierarchical order that could occur in the succession of business and enabled smooth succession, leading to longevity management through continuous stabilization of management. Fourth, they have kept the business succession strategy based on the principle of lifetime since the foundation. This prevented obsession with short-term performance and allowed them to concentrate on stable survival and growth from a long-term perspective for longevity management Fifth, they have insisted on a business operation strategy of centralization and specialization that focuses on the business field of the time of foundation. This has accumulated specialized know-how and secured competitive advantage for longevity management. The implication of this longevity factor analysis is that if a succession is made by a biological blood relations like a Korean company, long-term growth and survival will be threatened by succession to the successor of the lack of ability. The results of this study will be helpful for managers of domestic and foreign companies and organizations to establish management strategies for longevity management and will be useful for researchers who are interested in longevity management of companies or organizations with a basic data and implications.