시스템 사고력 향상을 위한 글쓰기 교육 프로그램의 개발 및 효과 분석

임영구(Im, Young-Goo),이효녕(Lee, Hyonyong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2014 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.14 No.12

이 연구의 목적은 이공 계열 대학생의 시스템 사고력 향상을 위한 글쓰기 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 글쓰기 교육 프로그램은 시스템 사고력 향상에 중점을 두어 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 대학에서 한 학기 동안 사용할 수 있는 ‘full-version’으로 개발한 후, 5인의 관련 전문가 검증을 받았다. 또 글쓰기교육 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 시스템 사고 검사 도구, 그림 분석(DA:Drawing Analyses), 인과 지도(CM: Causal Map), 단어 연상(WA: Word Association), 면담(Interview)을 글쓰기 교육 프로그램 전후에 적용하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시스템 사고를 향상시킬 수 있는 글쓰기 교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 시스템 사고 기르기, 시스템 사고를 기초 로 한 기본적인 글쓰기, 시스템 사고를 활용한 자연 계열 글쓰기, 시스템 사고를 응용한 이공 계열 글쓰기로 구성되어 있다. 둘째, 대학교에서는 45차시 분량의 교육 프로그램을 강의 전후 30명의 대학생에게 투입하였다. 그 결과 시스템 사고 능력이 글 쓰기 교육 프로그램 강의를 실시하기 전에 비해 향상되었으며, 시스템 사고의 하위영역인 시스템 일반화 능력도 향상되었다. 결론적으로 이공 계열의 특성을 반영한시스템 사고력 기반의 글쓰기 교육 프로그램 개발은 시스템 사고력 향상에 효과적이 다. 시스템 사고 능력은 공학 계열 대학생들에게 핵심적인 역량이 될 수 있다. The purpose of this study were to develop a writing educational program for university students majoring in science and engineering and to analyze its effect The program was focused on the development of system thinking ability. This program included the full version that can be used for a semester in university and was verified by 5 related experts. To investigate the effectiveness of system thinking, Drawing Analyses (DA), Causal Map (CM), Word Association (WA), and Interview were applied before and after writing educational program. Results of this study are as follows. First, the writing and composition program based on system thinking was developed and consisted of ‘Improving system thinking’, ‘Basic writing based on system thinking’, ‘Writing in Science using system thinking’, ‘Writing in Engineering based on system thinking’. Second, the program was applied to 30 college students before and after the writing class. The results indicated that students’ system thinking ability improved after taking the program. the system generalization ability as a sub-area of system thinking ability has improved. In conclusion, the developed writing educational program was effective for improving system thinking ability. This study could support that the system thinking skills could be essential ability for university students majoring in engineering.

제대혈 Leptin : 출생 체중 , 임신성 고혈압 , 태아 성별 , 산모의 비만도 , 분만 주수와의 상관 관계

임영구(YG Lim),전용훈(YH Jeon),송은섭(ES Song),고승권(SK Koh),임문환(MH Im),이병익(BI Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.6

Objective: Leptin is a 16-kD protein encoded by the ob/ob gene and produced mainly by adipocytes. Leptin signals the amount of fat stored in the body to the brain and affects food intake, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis to maintain a constant amount of stored body fat. In pregnancy, it was demonstrated that leptin is produced by non-adipose cell line, i.e. by placental trophoblasts as well as fetal adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of birth weight, fetal sex, preeclampsia, maternal body mass index[BMI] on cord blood leptin concentrations. Methods: We determined serum leptin levels using radioimmunoassay[RIA] in cord veins of 115 pregnant women that included 28 preeclampsia. Fetal sex were 63 male and 52 female. Results: Cord leptin levels were significantly correlated with birth weight in multivariate analysis controlling potential confounders[γ= 0.6125, P < 0.001 ]. Leptin levels in female fetus[ 7.35±5.03 ng/mL ] were significantly elevated than male fetus[ 5.37±4.64 ng/mL ][ γ= 0.3849, P < 0.001 ], independent of obesity. But preeclampsia, maternal BMI, and gestational weeks on delivery had no significant effect on cord blood leptin levels[ preeclampsia: γ= -0.006, P = 0.950, maternal BMI: γ= 0.1732, P = 0.069, gestational weeks on delivery: γ= -0.1132, P = 0.105, respectively ]. Conclusion: These data suggest that the effect of fetal birth weight and sex on cord leptin level was more pronounced than utero-placental and maternal effect.

임산부에서 양수천자법에 대한 조사

임문환(MH Im),박지현(JH Park),임영구(YG Lim),송은섭(ES Song),고승권(SK Koh),이병익(BI Lee),정재근(JK Jung) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.3

Amniocentesis was first performed for genetic studies in the 1950s. Serr and colleagues, and Fuchs and Riis were the first to report the use of amniocentesis for antenatal sex determination. From the 1970s, genetic amniocentesis became one of the most useful techniques of the prenatal detection of genetic disorders. Because the application of population-based maternal serum screening to prenatal diagnosis is now widespread, we can estimate the trend change of amniocentesis indications. So this study was carried out from May 1996 to April 1997 on 74 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in an university hospital in order to analyse the indications, age distribution, gestational age at the time of amniocentesis, frequency of needle insertions, color of amniotic fluid, outcome of pregnancy, and result of chromosome analysis. The results obtained are summarized as followings. 1. The most common indication for amniocentesis was abnormal maternal serum marker. 2. Two earl amniocenteses were performed. 3. 55 cases were single needle insertion and 6 cases were 3 or more needle insertions. 4. 11 discolored fluids[9 bloody, 2 brownish] were obtained during genetic amniocentesis of 74 patients. 5. Chromosomal abnormality was detected in one case of the 74 total cases.

자연계 고등학생과 공학 전공 대학생의 글쓰기 교육에 대한 인식

이효녕 ( Hyon Yong Lee ),임영구 ( Young Goo Im ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2013 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.37 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 고등학생과 대학생의 글쓰기교육에 대한 인식을 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구는 광역시 소재의 일반계 고등학교의 자연 계열 318명과 전국 3개 대학에 재학 중인 공학 계열 학생447명을 대상으로 이공 계열 글쓰기 교육의 현황과 글쓰기 능력에 관련된 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 연구에서는 이효녕 외(2009)에 의해 개발된 이공계열 글쓰기 설문지를 사용하였으며, 설문조사에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 윈도우용 프로그램을 이용하여 다중응답 빈도분석, 기술통계, 독립표본 t검정, 일원분산분석 등을 실시하였다. 고등학생과 대학생의 글쓰기 교육에 대한 기초 인식 조사 결과 고등학생이 대학생보다 글쓰기의 필요성을 상대적으로 적게 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고등학생이 대학생보다 글쓰기에 관한 어려움을 더 적게 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 글쓰기 교육을 이수한 경험이 있는 대학생의 이수과목은 대부분 기초 글쓰기과목이고 이공 계열 글쓰기에 대한 과목은 거의 이수하지 않았다. 공학 계열 대학생의 전공별 글쓰기교육의 활성화를 위한 기초 조사에서 각 전공별로 학생들이 요구하는 글쓰기 교육의 수준이 달랐다. 글쓰기 교육의 전반적인 필요성에서 화학공학 계열이 가장 높았고 기계공학 계열과 전자공학 계열 순으로 나타났다. 고등학교와 대학에서의 글쓰기 교육에 관한 연구는 글쓰기를 가르치는 교사나 교수에 대한 연구, 글쓰기 교육 내용과 교육 방법, 그리고 대학의 전공별 글쓰기 프로그램 개발과 같은 연구로 확장되어야 한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students in natural science track and engineering major university students` perceptions about the writing and composition education. A total of 318 high school students in natural science track from two high schools in a metropolitan area and 447 university students majoring in engineering from three universities participated in the survey and asked to response their perceived status and needs of writing education for science-engineering track. The survey instrument, developed by Lee et al.(2009), was used for this study. The data was analyzed through the SPSS 18.0 program for Windows for Multiple Response Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, Independent Samples t-test, and One-way Analysis of Variance. The results indicated that high school students relatively perceived that writing education was less necessary compared to university students. In addition, high school students found writing less difficult than university students do. In related to studying their experience with writing and composition education, almost no high school students have taken writing classes and university students have taken an average of one class. Most university students who took writing classes took basic writing classes that were not programmed for students in Science and Engineering. In the basic survey to revitalize writing and composition education for Science and Engineering students in different majors, the level of writing and composition education required by students in each major was different. Writing was considered most necessary for students majoring in Chemical Engineering, followed by students majoring in Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Engineering. The study of writing and composition education for high school and college should extend to studies on teachers or professors who teach writing, studies on contents and methods of writing education, and studies on the development of writing programs for different majors in university.

정상 임신에서 초음파를 이용해 측정한 임신주수에 따른 태아 간길이 및 간용적의 변화에 관한 연구

오관영(Kwoan Young Oh),박지현(Jee Hyun Park),노인화(IN Hwa No),임영구(Young Koo Lim),송은섭(Eun Seop Song),임문환(Moon Whan Im),이병익(Byoung Ick Lee),김종화(Jong Hwa Kim),전선희(Sun Hee Cheon),안정자(Jun Gja Ahn) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.3

Objective: The measurement of liver size can be used for the diagnosis of the fetal growth abnormality (FGR, macrosomia etc.). The purpose of this study was to evaluate a mathematical relationship between the fetal liver size(liver length or volume) and the gestational age in the normal pregnancies. Brief comparisons were also tried on the base of the degree of the correlation between liver length and its volume. Methods: We collected 54 singleton pregnancies of 20 to 36weeks of gestation for measuring fetal liver length and 57 singleton pregnancies for measuring fetal liver volume. We used Combison 530 utrasonic machine(Kreztechnik AG, Zipf, Austria). Results: There was significant correlation between liver size( length and volume) and gestation age. And the liver volume better correlated with gestational age than liver length(r=0.93 : r=0.78, p<0.0001, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Ultrasonic measurement of fetal liver size is a reliable indicator of fetal growth, especially liver volume. Therefore these data may have a potential value for the prediction of abnormal fetal growth(FGR, macrosomia).

임산부에서의 인유두종 바이러스 16 번과 18 번의 빈도에 관한 연구

송은섭(ES Song),방금화(KH Bang),황성욱(SW Hwang),임영구(YG Lim),임문환(MH Im),이병익(BI Lee),박성휘(SH Park),황태숙(TS Hwang),정재근(JK Jung) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.3

Objective: Because of incomplete data in the current literature, we would like to know the frequency of cervical human papillomavirus[HPV] type 16 and 18 infection in Korean pregnant women. Study Design: Pregnant patients who were seen for routine care at our clinic were recruited. Cervical cells were collected by special brushes and deoxyribonucleic acid[DNA] was extracted and tested to identify the presence of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Results from 86 pregnant women were analyzed. The frequecncy of HPV DNA type 16 was 4.7% of the pregnant women in these samples and the frequency of type 18 was 1.2%. Conclusion: The frequence of HPV infection of the cervix in pregnant women was 4.7% in type 16 and 1.2% in type 18 in this study.

인하대병원에서의 17,744 건의 자궁경부 세포진 검사 결과

송은섭(Eun Seop Song),한상훈(Sang Hoon Han),박지현(Jee Hyun Park),오관영(Kwoan Young Oh),임영구(Young Koo Lim),임문환(Moon Whan Im),이병익(Byoung Ick Lee),한지영(Jee Young Han),김종화(Jong Hwa Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.3

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the distribution of the result of 17,744 cervicovaginal smears and their pathologic results in Inha University Hospital to make a reference data. Methods: During 28 months, May 1996 to August 1998, we performed 17,774 cervicovaginal smears and arranged them by the Bethesda system and compared them with their pathologic results. Results: Among 17,744 smears, there were 93.2% of benign results, 2.9% of ASCUS, 0.9% of LSIL, 1.4% of HSIL, and 0.8% of SCC. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.28. Among ASCUS, the high grade histologic outcome was composed 4.0%. Among LSIL, there were 15.7%, and HSIL 48.0%, SCC 56.1%, AGUS 9.3%, and Adenocarcinoma, the results was 69.2%. Conclusion: Among 17,744 smears, there were 93.2% of benign results, 2.9% of ASCUS, 0.9% of LSIL, 1.4% of HSIL, and 0.8% of SCC. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.28. These results were very similar to other data and we would like to add our data to them as a reference. And the worse the smear results were, the worse the pathologic results were.

제왕절개술 후 복부반흔 지방층에 발생한 자궁내막증 1 예

박성민(S . M . Park),한지연(J . Y . Han),김세련(S . R . Kim),임문환(M . H . Im),송은섭(E . S . Song),임영구(Y . K . Lim),이병익(B . I . Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.12

Abdominal wall endometriosis secondary to cesarean section is very rare condition, being reported in less than 0.5% of patients undergoing cesarean section. We experienced 29 years old female patient who have cyclically appearing painful abdominal wall mass after cesarean section, and this mass was proved endometriosis pathologically. So, we present the case with a brief review of literatures.

공학 계열 글쓰기 교육에 대한 인식 조사

이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ),이상숙 ( Sang Sook Lee ),이성수 ( Seong Soo Lee ),김남석 ( Nam Seok Kim ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),임영구 ( Young Goo Im ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2009 중등교육연구 Vol.57 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 공학 계열 글쓰기 교육에 대한 인식을 조사하는 것이다. 전국의 5개 대학에 재학 중인 공학 계열 학부생과 대학원생 696명을 대상으로 공학 계열 글쓰기 교육의 현황과 필요성, 요구에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 이공계 글쓰기와 관련된 국내외 연구논문과 대학교재를 수집 분석한 문헌 연구를 통해 개발하였으며, 설문 조사에서 도출된 자료는 SPSS 14.0 윈도우용 프로그램을 이용하여, 평균·표준편차·백분율 등의 기술적 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 공학 계열 전공자들의 의식조사에서 64.1%에 해당하는 대학생과 85.9%의 대학원생이 글쓰기 능력이 부족하여 학업에 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 이유를 묻는 질문에 대해 대부분의 응답자들이 체계적이지 못한 대학 글쓰기 교육과 이공계의 특성을 반영하지 못한 글쓰기 교육 때문이라고 대답했다. 세분화된 글쓰기 능력의 필요성의 순위를 묻는 질문에 대해서는, 응답자들이 인문, 사회 계열은 물론 자연 계열과도 차별화된 글쓰기 능력과 교육이 필요하다고 대답했다. 이는 공학 계열 글쓰기 교육이 수요자의 요구에 맞게 차별화, 세분화, 전문화될 필요가 있음을 증명한다고 하겠다. 이 조사 결과를 통해 현재 공학 계열을 위한 글쓰기 교육 과정에 대해 재고하는 계기가 마련되고, 공학 계열 특성에 맞는 글쓰기 교육 방법과 수업 모델 그리고 교재 개발 등의 후속 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduate and graduate students` perceptions about writing education for engineering track. A total of 696 students on engineering track at 5 universities participated in the survey and asked to response their perceived status, problems, and needs of writing education for engineering students. The results showed that 64.1% of engineering undergraduates and 85.9% of the graduate engineering students expressed that it was difficult to study their major due to lack of writing skills. The majority of the students responded that the major reasons were non-systematic writing education and not considering the characteristics of engineering. In relation to students` needs for writing education, they reported that the writing education for engineering track should be differentiated from humanities and social sciences tracks. The results also showed that writing education should be differentiated, specified, expertly for college engineering students. The results in this study have implications for future research. The follow-up research needs to be conducted on the curriculum of writing education for engineering students. More research should be conducted regarding engineering track-based writing education, instructional model, and developing teaching materials.

지구과학Ⅰ 교과서 어휘 등급 분석 : 살아있는 지구 단원을 중심으로

임영구,박혜진,이효녕,김태수,오희진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2008 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.32 No.2

The purposes of this study were to analyze vocabularies used the section of ‘Living Earth’ in 11-grade Earth science textbooks with the Science Word Analysis (SWA) program and to investigate the vocabularies selected by the 11th grade students as difficult ones. For the purpose, we extracted the Earth science vocabularies from six textbooks, and classified into the scientific and non-scientific vocabularies with SWA program based on the standard Korean language dictionary. Also, we investigated the difficulty of each vocabulary by using questionnaire to three hundred sixty students. From the results analyzed with the program, it was found that the frequency of the scientific vocabularies out of the level was the largest any other level in all textbooks. And from the survey, most of the vocabularies selected by students as difficult to understand were classified into out of the level. From these results, it were suggested that the students’ cognitive level should be considered in developing science textbooks and difficult vocabularies should be replaced to easy ones within the limits of changeless in the meanings 이 연구의 목적은 11학년 지구과학 I 교과서의 ‘살아있는 지구’ 단원의 지구과학 어휘들을 SWA프로그램을 통해 분석하여 그 중 학생들이 어려워하는 어휘들을 알아보는데 있다. 연구 목적을 위해, 먼저 6종의 11학년 지구과학 I 교과서에서 지구과학 어휘들을 추출한 다음, 표준국어대사전을 기반으로 한 SWA 프로그램으로 과학 전문어와 비과학 전문어로 분류를 하였다. 분류된 과학 전문어와 비과학 전문어에 대해 360명의 11학년 학생들에게 이해하기 어려운 어휘를 선택하도록 하였다. 프로그램을 통해 어휘의 수를 분석한 결과, 교과서별로 다소 차이는 있지만, 등급 외의 과학 전문어 빈도가 모든 교과서에서 다른 등급에 비해 가장 높았다. 또한 학생들에게 설문한 결과, 어렵다고 하는 용어들의 대부분이 등급 외에 속해 있었다. 이 연구 결과를 통해, 교과서 집필 과정에서 학생들의 인지 수준을 고려해야 하며 어려운 용어는 과학적 의미의 변화가 없는 범위 내에서 쉬운 용어로 대체되어야 한다는 것을 제안하였다.