지자체의 나트륨 섭취 감소 계획 평가 및 근거 기반 목표 재설정 : 서울시 사례를 중심으로

임아현,황지윤,김기랑 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.6

Purpose: To identify the effectiveness of policy evaluation, consistent monitoring is necessary. This study aimed to carry out mid-term evaluation of objectives and programs related to comprehensive plans for sodium intake reduction by 2020 for Seoul city and then reestablish the objectives of the sodium intake reduction plans. Methods: Literature reviews, data analysis, and reviews of expert focus-groups were performed to evaluate objectives, to develop a new goal, and to identify the priority subjects of the sodium intake reduction programs. In order to examine target populations for the programs, awareness and behaviors related to sodium intakes among Seoul citizens were examined by sex, age, and income level using the 2008~2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results: Current objectives of the sodium intake reduction plan by 2020 for Seoul city were not appropriate, so objectives were reset to 3,600 mg of sodium intake by 2020 among Seoul citizens with 2% reduction per year. Although sodium intake showed a decreasing trend by year, it was still high, especially in men. The sodium intake reduction programs currently in progress have not been assessed at multiple levels across multiple sectors and have only been assessed fragmentarily. For dietary behavior related to sodium intakes by sex, age, and income level, sodium intake was higher in the group with less than 100 g of fruit intake compared to the group with 100 g or more. Subjects aged 30~59 years and the low household income group showed relatively higher sodium intakes. Based on the data analysis and the expert review, the priority subject of the sodium intake reduction programs was determined to be adult men. In terms of a program strategy for sodium intake reduction, multi-level and setting approaches, including work sites, home, and restaurants, were suggested to reduce sodium intakes of the target subject. Conclusion: The suggested objectives should be consistently monitored by data analysis, and the determined programs need to be phased in over 5 years.

Sn-Ag 솔더 범프의 전해도금시 도금 특성과 표면형상에 미치는 계면활성제의 영향

임아현,김한식,김병탁,이석호,송정환,전성식 한국표면공학회 2014 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.5

국민건강영양조사에 활용 가능한 식생활 조사항목 개발 및 유용성 검증

임아현(Lim, A-Hyun),최숙영(Choi, Suk-Young),심재은(Shim, Jae-Eun),황지윤(Hwang, Ji-Yun),문현경(Moon, Hyun-Kyung),김기랑(Kim, Kirang) 한국영양학회 2015 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.48 No.5

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사의 식생활 조사영역에서 만성질환의 요인을 파악할 수 있는 항목의 개발 및 보완의 필요성이 제기됨에 따라 국내 및 국외에서 실시하고 있는 식생활 조사항목을 고찰하였다. 고찰된 결과를 기반으로 국민 식생활 패턴이 반영되면서 국가 정책의 평가 지표로 활용될 수 있는 식생활 조사항목을 국민건강영양조사에서 활용 가능하도록 개발하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 개발 및 보완된 식생활조사항목은 국내외 식생활 관련 연구 및 정책에서 사용한 식생활 조사항목을 고찰한 결과를 기반으로 후보 항목을 도출하였고, 전문가 포커스 그룹 조사 및 수요도 조사를 통해 검토되어 8개의 식생활 조사 항목이 선정되었다. 2) 전문가 포커스 그룹 조사 및 수요도 조사 결과에서 선정된 8개의 조사 항목 중에서 조사 필요성 및 타당성에 대해 전문가 의견의 합의가 있는 항목을 최종 선정한 결과, 전체 대상으로는 소금 및 나트륨 섭취, 가당 및 단순당 섭취, 충분한 식사시간 확보 및 식사속도에 대한 항목이 선정되었고, 아동 및 청소년 대상에서는 전체 대상 조사 항목에 추가적으로 카페인 음료 섭취, 간식 및 건강한 식품섭취 항목이 추가되었고, 노인 대상에서는 섭취 제한, 간식 및 건강한 식품섭취 항목이 추가되었다. 3) 최종 선정된 식생활 조사 항목별 설문 문항을 구성하기 위하여 생태학적 모델을 기반으로 한 사회인지이론에 적용하여 각 조사 항목별로 환경, 개인적 요인, 행동의 영역으로 구분하여 문항을 개발하였다. 4) 개발된 식생활 조사 항목별 설문 문항은 학계 전문가들을 대상으로 안면 타당도를 검증하였고 일반인을 대상으로 인지조사를 통해 이해도 평가와 신뢰도 평가를 측정한 결과 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 5) 최종적으로 국민건강영양조사 영양조사 담당자 및 영양분과위원회의 회의 및 검토를 통하여 설문문항이 확정되었다. 이 연구에서 개발된 조사 문항의 활용성을 높이기 위한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개발된 조사 영역 중 국민건강영양조사 대상자로 pilot study를 수행하여 신뢰도 및 타당도가 높게 나타난 영역부터 우선적으로 적용될 수 있으며 향후 우선순위에 따라 순환 조사를 할 수 있다. 둘째, 식생활 조사 시, 각 영역별의 환경, 개인적 요인, 행동 문항은 같이 조사하여 서로 문항 간의 상관성 및 유효성에 대한 검토가 필요할 것이다. 셋째, 개발된 신규 조사 문항은 현재 중요한 영양 이슈 중심의 항목으로 개발되었으므로 향후 추가적인 영양문제로 새로운 항목 개발 시에도 좀 더 구체적인 원인 파악을 위해서는 생태학적 모델을 적용한 문항을 이용하여 현황을 파악하고, 그 결과를 근거로 정책 마련에 활용해야 하겠다. Purpose: Given that the indicators related to chronic diseases are important to evaluating goals of the national health policy, the aim of this study was to develop dietary behavior items available in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The dietary behavior items were developed based on the literature reviews, need assessment of the field, expert focus-group interviews, and expert advisory meeting. Questions for each dietary behavior item were developed by reflecting on environmental, personal, and behavior factors of the ecological frame and then revised through expert focus-group interview and expert advisory meeting. The understanding and reliability of the developed questionnaire were assessed by cognitive interview and test-retest reliability. Results: The developed items were sodium and salt intake, added and simple sugar intake, enough time to consume a meal for all ages, caffeine drinks and fresh/healthy food intake for children and adolescents, and limited dietary intake, fresh/healthy food intake for seniors. In most questions except some questions on sodium and salt intake, subjects understood over 70% and consistency of responses based on the kappa values was acceptable. Conclusion: Developed dietary behavior items are expected to be useful for evidence-based nutrition policy, interventions and research targeting dietary patterns through investigating and monitoring dietary behavior patterns.

바텀애시 혼합시멘트의 성능 향상을 위한 바텀애시 분쇄조제 개발

임아현(Lim, Ahyeon),강현욱(Kang, Hyunuk),문주혁(Moon, Juhyuk) 한국콘크리트학회 2023 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.35 No.2

Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in the Korean Children and Adolescents

김아현,임현대,이제우,라지영,안소연 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2016 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.41 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Korean children and adolescents using representative samples and questionnaires. Methods: A survey involving the interview of 10-, 12-, and 15-year-old children and adolescents regarding the symptoms of TMD was conducted as a part of the 2010 National Oral Health Surveys. The study population included 18,112 subjects (male, 9,734; female, 8,378). The interview involved three questions related to the symptoms of TMD. The prevalence of symptoms of TMD, correlation of the symptoms with sex and age, and the difference in the number of symptoms according to sex and age were analyzed. Results: Among the symptoms of TMD in children and adolescents, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds during mouth opening was 13.0%, while those of TMJ pain and limitation were 3.1% and 4.3%, respectively. While the prevalence of TMJ sounds during mouth opening did not show any statistically significant difference between the sexes, the rates of prevalence of TMJ pain and limitation of mouth opening in were higher in the female subjects than the male (p<0.05). It was also observed that the older the subjects, the higher the prevalence of TMJ sounds, TMJ pain, and limitation of mouth opening (p<0.05). The number of symptoms of TMD was found to be increased among female subjects as well as the older ones (p<0.05). Conclusions: There are variations in the prevalence of symptoms of TMD among Korean children and adolescents according to sex and age, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. It is necessary to conduct a national cohort study to evaluate the risk factors for TMD in children and adolescents.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine을 활용한 바텀애시 치환 시멘트 개발

강현욱,임아현,문주혁 한국건설순환자원학회 2024 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

이 연구에서는 DEIPA를 사용하여 바텀애시를 미분말화하고, 이를 활용하여 바텀애시 치환 시멘트를 개발했다. partial or no-known crystal structure 방법을 X-선 회절 정량 분석에 적용하여 비결정질인 바텀애시와 C-S-H의 양을 분리하여 정량화할 수 있었다. DEIPA를 첨가하지 않은 배합에서는 바텀애시가 거의 반응하지 않았으며, 이에 따라 압축강도도 낮게 발현되었다. 그러나 DEIPA를 첨가한 배합에서는 시멘트의 수화 거동을 변화시켰을 뿐만 아니라 바텀애시와 수산화칼슘 사이의 포졸란반응도 향상시켜서 추가적인 C-S-H를 생성하였고, 재령 초기 뿐만 아니라 후기에도 높은 압축강도를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서바텀애시를 분쇄할 때 극소량의 DEIPA를 첨가하더라도 바텀애시의 반응성을 충분히 증진시킬 수 있었기에 바텀애시 치환시멘트 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. In this study, DEIPA was used for enhancing cementitious performance of bottom ash replaced cement. By applying the partial or no-known crystal structure method to X-ray diffraction data, the amounts of amorphous bottom ash and calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) could be separated and quantified. In the sample without DEIPA, the bottom ash hardly reacted, resulting in low compressive strength. However, the addition of DEIPA not only altered the hydration behavior of the cement but also enhanced the pozzolanic reaction between bottom ash and calcium hydroxide, leading to the generation of additional C-S-H. This resulted in high compressive strength not only in the early stages but also in the later stages. Therefore, with the addition of DEIPA during the pulverization of the bottom ash, the reactivity of the bottom ash was significantly improved. Hence, there is potential in the development of bottom ash replacement cement.

지역아동센터에 다니는 취약계층 아동의 영양 불균형 개선을 위한 문제 파악

최숙영,임아현,김하겸,김기랑 동아시아식생활학회 2015 동아시아식생활학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

대한적십자사 HLA 적합혈소판 헌혈자 등록 제도의 현황

김영빈,임아현,김태은,정철호,박민희,선지영,윤경원,이안교,윤미애 대한수혈학회 2021 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

HLA-matched platelet transfusion is required for patients with platelet refractoriness due to HLA alloimmunity. From 2013 to 2019, the Korean Red Cross has recruited 4,080 donors for HLA-matched platelets. The patient’s HLA information should be submitted to the Korean Red Cross in accordance with the WHO HLA serologic specificities. When HLA-matched platelets are requested, the Korean Red Cross selects the appropriate donors based on Duquesnoy’s matching grade classification (1977) and CREGs defined by Takemoto, Fuller, and Rodey (2007) and then contacts them to request blood donations. Platelets of HLA-matched donors are collected by apheresis and supplied to the hospital. To make this process more efficient, the Korean Red Cross introduced a systemic standard work procedure using a computer program for blood donor management and HLA matching. Owing to the extensive polymorphism of the HLA types, expansion of the donor pool would be required to supply HLA-matched platelets sufficiently. As the number of registered donors for HLA-matched platelets is limited, it should only be ordered when the indication criteria for its use are met. The Korean Red Cross is planning to study genotype-based matching strategies for patients with rare HLA types and receive patients’ laboratory test results from medical institutions to evaluate the effectiveness of HLA-matched platelet transfusions. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2021;32:1-10)

한국인 헌혈자에서 혈청학적 D-- 혈액형의 분자유전학적 특성에 관한 연구

장인순,임아현,이안교,신선미,윤경원,김재현,김황민,김영빈 대한수혈학회 2023 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Background: The Korean Red Cross has conducted serologic tests for C, c, E, e antigens and found 18 D-- donors. In this study, we performed RHCE genotyping to identify the molecular characteristics of the serologic D-- blood type in Korean blood donors. Methods: We performed RHCE-specific PCR-based electrophoresis to check the amplification pattern of each exon. Sanger sequencing was conducted to find the variants in the nucleotide sequence. We determined the RHCE genotype based on the electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing results. Results: Total eight out of 18 D-- donors were participated in this research. In the PCR-based electrophoresis tests, RHCE exons 3, 4, and 6 were not amplified in samples #4, #6, and #8. Also, sample #2 showed an abnormal band pattern of RHCE exon 9. The Sanger sequencing results showed that the nucleotide sequences of the RHCE exons 5, 7, and 8 in samples #4, #6 and #8 corresponded to the nucleotide sequences of RHD exons 5, 7, and 8, respectively, suggesting the possibility of a RHCE-RHD(3-8)-RHCE hybrid allele. The nucleotide sequences of RHCE exons 7 and 8 in sample #2 were the same as the nucleotide sequences of RHD exons 7 and 8, respectively. In samples #1, #3, #5, and #7, no specific variants known to cause D-- phenotype were found. Conclusion: RHCE genes partially replaced by the RHD genes were found in four out of eight participants and three of them were identified as RHCE*02N.07, which is known as the RHCE null allele. A further study with complete RHCE sequencing could be helpful for an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of samples in which no significant variants were identified. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2023;34:92-107)

혈소판제제 세균오염 검출방법 비교 평가

권소영,최경영,임아현,박경운,조남선 대한수혈학회 2011 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Background: Bacterial contamination of platelets represents the highest infectious risk for a transfusion. In this study, we evaluated 2 culture-based systems that have been approved by the US FDA for bacterial screening. Methods: Platelet concentrates were inoculated with 5 bacterial species to give a final concentration of 100,101 and 102 CFU/mL. Samples for culture were taken immediately after inoculation (0 hr sample) and after 24 hrs (24 hr sample). For the BacT/ALERT 3D system, a 10 mL sample was inoculated into an aerobic culture bottle and incubated for 7 days. For the Pall eBDS system, 3 mL samples were taken from the 0 hr and 24hr samples, respectively. The samples were incubated for 24 hrs and 30 hrs. Results: Both systems detected all inoculated units both in the 0 hr and 24 hr samples, except for units inoculated with K. pneumoniae. Eleven units out of 30 units inoculated with K. pneumoniae were detected by the BacT/ALERT 3D system in the 24 hr samples. The Pall eBDS system detected 8 of 30 units in the 24 hr samples. Conclusion: Implementation of either system will decrease the risk of transfusing bacterially contaminated platelets. However, testing for bacterial contamination will not completely prevent septic transfusion reactions;pathogen inactivation that is now available should also be considered as an alternative method to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.