동자개, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson)의 생식년주기

임상구,한창희,LIM Sang-Koo,HAN Chang-Hee 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

To clarify the annual reproductive cycle of the banded catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson), the seasonal changes in histological aspect of gonad and liver were examined. The adult fish was raptured from the upper stream of Young-San river, Chunnam in each month from May 1992 to June 1993. Based on the annual changes in GSI (gonadosomatic index), HSI (hepatosomatic index), CF (condition factor) and histological aspects of the gonads, the annual reproductive cycle were classified into 5 periods as follows: 1) Growing phase (from April to early May): The value of GSI increased and the size of oocytes in perinucleolus stage in oocytes increased gradually. Spermatogonia were developed actively from the epithelial tissues of seminiferous tubules. 2) Maturing phase (from Hay to early June): GSI levels increased rapidly in both sex. Oocytes at various developmental stages were observed. Appearance of active spermatogenesis were observed. 3) Mature and spawning phase (from June to August): High values of GSI remained static and oocytes accumulated significant quantitis of yolk globules. 4) Degenerating phase (from September to November): GSI levels decreased and ovaries were filled mostly with oocytes at the perinucleolus stage. Hepatic cells accumulated significant amounts of lipid droplets. 5) Resting period (from December to March) : Low values of GSI were kept and the size of oocytes at the perinucleolus stage did not increase. Spermatogenesis was not observed. 동자개, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson)의 명확한 생식년주기를 밝히기 위하여, 본 종을 1992년 5월부터 1993년 6월까지 전라남도 영산강 상류로부터 채집하여 암수의 GSI, HSI, 비만도, 난모세포 발달 단계의 분포빈도, 그리고 생식소와 간의 조직학적인 주년 변화를 조사하였다. 이들 결과를 토대로 하여 생식년주기를 다음과 같은 5단계로 구분 할 수 있었다. 1) 성장기 (4월$\~$5월초): 암컷의 GSI값이 증가하고 주변인기 난모세포들이 점진적으로 성장하였으며, 수컷의 세정관 상피에서는 정원세포들이 활발히 분화되기 시작하였다. 2) 성숙기 (5월$\~$6월초): 암수 모두 GSI가 빠르게 증가하고 여러 단계의 난모세포들이 관찰되었으며, 정소 내에는 정자 형성이 활발하게 일어났다. 3) 성숙 및 산란기 (6월$\~$8월): 암컷의 GSI는 높은 값을 유지하였고, 난모세포들은 많은 양의 난황을 축적하였으며, 수컷의 세정관에는 대부분 정자로 채워져 있었다. 4) 퇴화기 (9월$\~$11월): 암수 GSI는 감소되고, 난소 내에는 대부분 주변인기 세포들로 채워져 있고, 간세포에는 지방구들이 많이 축적되었다. 5) 휴지기 (12월$\~$다음해 3월): 암수 GSI는 낮은 값을 유지하며, 난소 내의 주변인기 세포의 증가와 정자 형성은 보이지 않았다.

동자개 (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)의 난모세포 성숙과 배란에 대한 스테로이드와 HCG의 in vitro효과

임상구,백혜자,한창희,LIM Sang-Koo,BAEK Hea-Ja,HAN Chang-Hee 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

동자개 난모세포의 성숙과 배란에 있어 스테로이드와 HCG(human chorionic gonadotropin)의 효과에 대한 실험이 in vitro에서 이루어졌으며, 난모세포들은 $17\alpha,\;20\alpha-dihydroxy4-pregnen-3-one\;(17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP),\;17\alpha-hydroxyprogesterone\;(17\alpha\;OHP),\;progesterone\;(P_4),\;estradiol-17{\alpha}E_2)$ 과 HCG가 첨가된 Leibovitz L15 배지에서 성숙되어졌다. 60시간 배양후에 난모세포의 성숙능력은 난핵포붕괴(germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) 비율에 의해 평가되었다. GVBD 비율은 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP,\;17\alpha\;OHP,\;P_4$ 그리고 HCG의 첨가에 의해 유의하게 (P<0.05) 증가하였으며, 그 중 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP$ HCG에서 가장 높은 GVBD 비율을 보였다. 난모세포들 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP,\;17\alpha\;OHP,\;P_4$가 $10\~1,000ng/ml$포함된 배지에서 16시간 배양한 결과, $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP\;10\~100ng/m1(65\%)$의 GVBD 비율은 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP(40\%)$와 $P_4(35\%)$에서 보다 나은 효과를 보였다. GVBD유도에 대한 효과는 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP$에서 $10\~100\;ng/ml$배지, HCG를 첨가하여 60시간 배양한 배란유도 실험에서 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP\;10\~100ng/ml$에서, HCG는 $50\~500IU/ml$의 배지에서 배란율이 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP\;1,000ng/m1$와 HCG 5IU/ml의 배지에서는 대조구의 배란율과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 $E_2$를 제외한 스테로이드와 HCG는 동자개의 난모세포 성숙과 배란을 in vitro에서 유도할 수 있으며, $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP$와 HCG는 다른 스테로이드에 비해 높은 율의 난모세포 성숙과 배란을 유도하였다. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of steroids and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on in vitro maturation and ovulation of oocyte in Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Oocytes were incubated in the media Leibovitz L15 supplemented with the various concentration of $17\alpha,\;20\beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17\alpha20{\beta}OHP),\;17\alpha-hydroxyprogesterone(17{\alpha}OHP),\;progesterone(P_4),\;estradiol-17\beta(E_2)and\;HCG$. After 60 hours incubation, the maturation ability of oocyte was assessed by the appearance of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). GVBD was significantly enhanced by the addition of $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP,\;17{\alpha}OHP,\;P_4\;and\;HCD(P<0.05)$. The highest CVBD was observed when $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG were supplemented to media. When oocytes were cultured for 16 hours in media containing $10\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP,\;17{\alpha}OHP\;and\;P_4$, the rate of GVBD in oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP(65\%)$ was significantly higher than that with $17{\alpha}OHP\;(40\%)\;and\;P_4(35\%)$. The efforts of $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG on GVBD were assessed by various concentration of these hormones. When oocytes were cultured for 60 hours in various media containing $1\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17{\alpha}20{\beta}OHP\;or\;5\~1,000\;IU/ml$ HCG, the GVBD of oocytes was significantly increased in the medium with $10\~100\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and 500 IU/ml HCT. When oocytes were cultured in the various media supplemented with $1\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP\;or\;5\~1,000\;IU/ml$ HCG for 60 hours, the media with $1\~100\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP\;or\;50\~1,000IU/ml$ HCG significantly increased in the rate of ovulation. However supplementation with $1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$or 5 IU/ml HCG did not improve the rate of ovulation compared to controls. This results indicate that supplementation of steroid and HCG except $E_2$ can improve the in vitro maturation and ovulation of oocyte in P. fulvidrac; HCG and $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ may be more effective than other steroids on oocyte maturation and ovulation in P. fulvidraco.

Comparative Analysis of the Morphometric Changes in Ussurian bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, and Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, in the Early Period of Growth

임상구,한형균,강정하,Hye Jung Park,Ji Su Oh,Ji Su Lim,구인본,박인석 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.3

Morphometric changes in the Ussurian bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, and the Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, were observed during the early period of growth. Yolk length, yolk height, and yolk volume in the two species decreased within 9 days post-hatching (DPH) (p<0.05). The body lengths and body heights of both species increased gradually to 150 and 130 DPH, respectively (p<0.05). The horizontal distance between the anteriormost extension of the head and the anterior insertion of the pectoral fin, the anteriormost extension of the head × the verticality position of the anterior insertion of the primary dorsal fin rays, and the anterior insertion of the primary dorsal fin × the anterior insertion of the pectoral fin were greater in the Korean bullhead than in the Ussurian bullhead (p<0.05). However, the relative sizes of the head region, pectoral fin, ventral fin, and anal fin were greater in the Ussurian bullhead than in the Korean bullhead (p<0.05), and relative body depth and the size of the outer-mandible barbel were greater in the Korean bullhead than in the Ussurian bullhead (p<0.05). The growth curves of the morphometric characteristics of both species were divided into three types.

해산송사리, Oryzias dancena의 산란행동 분석

임상구 ( Sang Gu Lim ),한형균 ( Hyung Kyun Han ),김광석 ( Kwang Seog Kim ),김봉석 ( Bong Seok Kim ),백현민 ( Hyun Min Baek ),박인석 ( In Seok Park ),길현우 ( Hyun Woo Gil ) 한국어류학회 2012 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구는 해산송사리, Oryzias dancena의 산란행위를 분석하여 인공산란 기술 개발에 그 목적이 있 다. 실험 사육수조에서 관찰한 결과, 실험 시작 후 모든 수컷이 각자 목표로 한 암컷을 쫓아감과 동시에, 상대적으로 큰 수컷이 작은 수컷의 생식공을 공격하여 축출하는 행동(biting, expelling)을 보였다. 이후, 수컷은 암컷과 나란히 유영하며 구애행동을 보였으며, 뒷지느러미와 등지느러미를 이용해 암컷의 어체를 감싸고 방란 및 방정 한 결과, 수정난은 암컷의 생식공 부근에 부착되어 있었다. 수컷이 covering 하는 동안 암컷이 재빨리 앞으로 유 영하는 행동을 많은 빈도로 관찰하였는바, 이는 암컷이 수컷의 구애행동을 거절하는 경우라고 사료된다. 총 빈 도 81%의 산란행동 요인 2가지를 분석한 결과(P/0.05), 요인 1 (biting, expelling)은 암컷을 차지하기 위한 수 컷의 방어 행동으로 총 빈도의 23.1%였으며(P/0.05), 요인 2 (chasing, parallel swimming, covering, reject)는 산란을 위한 행동으로 총 빈도의 59.7%를 차지하였다(P/0.05). 본 결과는 해산송사리 종 보존의 기본적 생물학 적 자료 제공과 아울러 인공산란 기법에 유용한 자료로 쓰일 것이다. The aim of this study is to observe the reproductive behavior of the marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, and determine the factors of reproductive behavior to provide useful information for improving their artificial reproduction techniques. The reproductive behavior of the marine medaka was observed in laboratory aquaria. Once the experiment began, all of the males chased the females. The males attempted to stimulate the urogenital openings of the females. While chasing a female, a large male would bite a relatively small male``s anus. Larger males expelled smaller males with biting, and the defeated males were barred from the female. After the other males were expelled, the remaining male approached and drew alongside the female. The male``s dorsal and anal fins covered the female``s body. Spawning began after complete covering took place. Spawning of males and females occurred simultaneously. The loadings for 2 factors were calculated. The calculation was restricted to 2 factors because these 2 factors explained about 81% of the total common variance (P/0.05) and the following factors possessed no practical significance. Two movements (biting, expelling) had high positive values for factor one. This factor related a male``s defensive behavior to courtship behavior and spawning, and explained 23.1% of the total common variance (P/0.05). The second factor had high positive values for chasing, rejection, covering, and parallel swimming. This factor related a male``s courtship behavior and female``s defensive behavior to spawning, and explained 59.7% of the total common variance (P/ 0.05). This research provided basic biological data for the conservation of this species and useful information for improving their artificial reproduction techniques.

동자개(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)의 생식소 퇴화에 미치는 수온과 광주기의 영향

임상구(Sang-Gu LIM),김영수(Young-Soo KIM),한창희(Chang-Hee HAN) 한국수산해양교육학회 2012 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.24 No.6

To investigate the role of temperatures and photoperiods as environmental cues regulating reproductive rhythm in Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, rearing experiments were conducted using sveral rearing regimes conbined with photoperiods and water temperatures during gonadal degeneration periods. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in control was 8.16±1.50%, while in other experiment GSI levels in female were lower than that in the control. In case of experimental precinct of 9 light (L) and 15 L, GSI levels were decreased. But GSI level with 20℃ was no diffrence after 40 and 60 days. GSI level in male of control was 0.35±0.05%. GSI under 9 L and 25℃ was similar to that in control, whereas its level in other experiments was lower than that in control. Testosterone (T) of female was 3.68±0.22 ng/mL at experimental precinct. In case of 9 L and 15 L, concentration of T were lower than experimental precinct in all of water temperature. Estradiol-17β (E₂) and 7α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α20βOHP) levels of female were 0.42±0.02 and 0.83±0.01 ng/mL at experimental precinct. E₂ levels of 9 and 15 L were higher than experimental precinct and 17α20βOHP levels of 9 and 15 L were higher than experimental precinct. In case of T and 11-ketotestosterone levels were 0.69±0.11 and 0.62±0.03 ng/mL in male. During the period of gonadal degeneration, gonadal maturation did not occur in any of the experimental regimes. However, comparatively high levels of E₂ observed at low temperature regimes (20℃) regardless of photoperiods.

점농어 Lateolabrax maculatus의 성 성숙에 미치는 광주기의 영향

임상구(Sang-Gu LIM),김영수(Young-Soo KIM),백재민(Jae-Min BAEK),김종현(Jong-Hyun KIM),한형균(Hyoung-Kyun HAN),조용철(Yong-Chul CHO),강용진(Yong-Jin KANG) 한국수산해양교육학회 2014 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.26 No.5

To investigate effect of on sexual maturation in spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus the sexual maturation, photoperiods were established to natural photoperiod, 9L:15D, 11L:13D, 13L:11D and 15L:9D. After rearing for 90 days from August 11 to November 10, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hormones were analyzed. In the female, GSI was 1.07±0.09% in the natural photoperiod, 1.93±0.06% in 9L:15D, while the GSI of male was 0.75±0.05% in the natural photoperiod, 1.89±0.12% in 9L:15D and 0.22±0.05% in 15L:9D and the lowest in 15L:9D, respectively. The blood estradiol (E2) of female was 226.0±13.6 pg/ml in the natural photoperiod, and the highest value of 296.3±15.0 pg/ml in 9L:15D. The male 17α20βOHP was similar to the female with 196.3±17.0 pg/ml in the natural photo period and 133.0±15.5 pg/ml in 9L:15D. The testosterone (T) of male was 259.3±33.1 pg/ml in the natural photoperiod, but the hightest value of 370.5±27.5 pg/ml in 9L:15D. These results provide basic information from sexual maturation of spotted seabass.

동자개(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)의 생식소 발달에 수온과 광주기가 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

임상구(Sang-Gu LIM),한창희(Chang-Hee HAN) 한국수산해양교육학회 2012 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.24 No.6

To investigate the role of water temperatures and photoperidos as environmental cues regulating reproductive rhythm in banded catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, rearing experiments were conducted using sveral rearing regimes conbined with changes in photoperiods and water temperatures during growing and spawning periods. GSI of 23℃ was significantly higher than 18℃ in female, but 9 light of 18 and 23℃ were no difference in male. In case of estradiol, 18℃ and 15 L was higher than other experintal precinct after 20 days. But, end of the experiment, all of experimental precinct were no diffrence. Testosteron of female was no diffrence in 18℃-9 and 15 L after 20 days. Testosteron of male was no diffrence in 18℃-9 L. In case of 11-KT, control level was 0.39±0.03 ng/mL and 18℃-9 L was no significantly difference after 20 days. But, 15 L was higher than other experimental precinct.

동자개 Pseudobagrus fulvidraco의 난황단백질과 난황단백전구체의 분리와 면역학적 특성

임상구(Sang-Koo Lim),강봉정(Bong Jung Kang),한창희(Chang-Hee Han) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2008 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

잘못된 배당과 부당이득반환에 관한 고찰: 대법원 2019. 7. 18. 선고 2014다206983 전원합의체 판결을 중심으로

임상구(Lim, Sang Koo) 한국부동산경매학회 2020 부동산경매연구 Vol.1 No.1

‘권리 위에 잠자는 자는 보호받지 못한다.’는 말은 주로 각종 시효나 기간에 관한 제도, 그밖에 실권조항 등의 타당성을 뒷받침하기 위해 자주 거론되는 법언 중의 하나이다. 대상판결은 경매절차 중 ‘배당요구→배당표 확정→배당’으로 이어지는 배분단계에서, 배당요구는 하였으나 배당표에 대하여 이의하지 않은 자(배당이의의 소를 제기하지 않은 자를 포함)를 두고 “권리 위에 잠자는 자”로 볼 수 있을지 여부에 관한 고민을 담고 있다. 또한 절차와 실체의 충돌국면에서 우리는 형사절차뿐만 아니라 제반 법분야에 있어서의 ‘적법절차’의 원리를 자주 거론하곤 하는데, 그 원리가 내포한 함의는 ‘절차’ 자체의 적법은 물론 그 절차를 이루는 ‘내용’도 적정해야 함을 말한다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 다른 나라의 입법례는 별론으로 하고 우리나라 현행법 체제 아래에서 배당표 확정에 이르는 일련의 절차는 실체법상권리의 확정을 도출해내기에 불충분하므로 ‘배당에 이의하지 않아 자신에 대한 배당표가 일응 확정된 사실’만으로는 해당 배당과 관련된 권리를 포기하였다거나 그 이후의 부당이득반환청구를 두고 금반언의 원칙에 반한다고 평가하기에는 무리이다. 물론 대상판결의 다수의견에 이론적 약점이 없지 않고 최근 대상판결에 대한 비판적 평석이 이어지고 있긴 하나, 결론적으로 부당이득반환을 긍정하는 다수의견을 원칙적으로 지지하되, 대상판결에서 침해부당이득의 문제로 이론구성하는 것은 보완할 필요가 있다. He who sleeps on rights is not protected. This maxim is one of the most frequently mentioned legal phrases to support the validity of various prescription-period systems and other provisions concerning cancellation Clause. ‘Supreme Court en banc Decision 2014Da206983 Decided July 18, 2019’ concerns whether it can be regarded as a sleeping person on rights over a person who has demanded dividends but has not objected to the dividend. We often talk about ‘the principle of due process’ when procedures and entities collide in all areas of law. This principle means that not only is the procedure itself legitimate, but its contents should also be legitimate. However, a series of procedures, ranging from the current legal system to the confirmation of dividend table, is insufficient to derive the confirmation of rights under the substantive law. Therefore, he gave up his right to the dividend just by the fact that the dividend table was finalized. Also, it cannot be said that he is against the promissory estoppel over the unjust enrichment return claim he makes after the dividend is finalized. Of course, there are theoretical weaknesses in the majority opinion of this judgement. And recently there has been a series of critical comments on this judgement. However, I support the majority opinion in principle that is positive for a reversal of unjust enrichment. but it is not appropriate for this ruling to construct the theory on the basis of Restitutiton for Wrongs .

Histological Observation of the Barbel in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio and Bagrid Catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco

Sang-Gu LIM(임상구),Hyoung-Kyun HAN(한형균),Hye-Jung PARK(박혜정),In-Seok PARK(박인석) 한국수산해양교육학회 2014 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.26 No.2

잉어, Cyprinus carpio와 동자개, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco의 상악ㆍ하악 수염을 조직학적으로 조사하였다. 동자개의 수염은 연골성 증축(axial rod of cartilage), 신경섬유다발(bundle of nerve fiber), 표피(epidermis), 평활근 층(smooth muscle layer) 및 미뢰(taste bud)로 구성되었으며, 잉어의 수염은 표피, 신경섬유다발, 혈관(blood vessel) 및 미뢰로 구성되었다. 수염 길이에서 잉어는 상악 바깥쪽 수염(second maxillary barbel)이 상악 안쪽 수염(first maxillary barbel) 보다 길게 나타났으며, 동자개는 하악 안쪽(inner mandibular barbel), 상악 위쪽(upper maxillary barbel), 하악 바깥쪽(outer mandibular barbel), 상악 아래쪽(lower maxillary barbel) 순으로 길게 나타났다(P<0.05). 미뢰의 수를 고려하였을 때, 동자개와 잉어간의 미각에 대한 유의적 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 아울러, 두 어종의 모든 수염에서 수염 상부의 미뢰 수가 하부의 미뢰 수 보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 동자개의 수염은 딱딱하며 굴절성인 수염(flexible and stiff type)이었으며 잉어의 수염은 연하고 유연한 수염(tender and yielding type)으로 파악되었다.