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임기정 대한이비인후과학회 2013 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.56 No.2
Efferent neurons release acetylcholine to inhibit sensory hair cells of the inner ear. The α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediates efferent inhibition of hair cell function within the auditory sensory organ. Gating of the nAChR triggers inward calcium current, and leads to activation of calcium dependent, small-conductance potassium (SK) potassium channels to hyperpolarize the hair cell. Through SK channels, large potassium outflow occurred, and outer hair cell was hyperpolarized. Thus, amplification of sound and sensitivity of hearing was reduced or modulated by efferent inhibition. In efferent system, main calcium providers to SK channel are nAChR and synaptic cistern, which contribution to efferent inhibition is different between avian and mammalian species. Calcium permeation is more effective in nAChRs of mammalian cochlea than avian cochlea, and mammalian calcium permeability of nAChRs is about 3 times more than avian hair cell. Thus, nAChRs is a main component of efferent inhibition in mammalian cochlear hair cell system.
($IL-1{\beta}$), PDGF-BB 그리고 $TGF-{\beta}$가 사람 배양 치주인대 섬유모세포의 PDLs17 mRNA의 발현에 미치는 영향
임기정,한경윤,김병옥,임창엽,박주철,Lirn, Ki-Jung,Han, Kyung-Yoon,Kirn, Byung-Ock,Yeorn, Chang-Yeob,Park, Joo-Cheol 대한치주과학회 2001 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.31 No.4
The molecular mechanisms control the function of PDL(periodonta1 ligament) cells and/or fibroblasts remain unclear. PDLsl7, PDL-specific gene, had previousely identified the cDNA for a novel protein from cultured PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to determine the regulation by growth factors and cytokines on PDLsl7 gene expression in cultured human periodontal ligament cells and observe the immunohistochemical localization of PDLsl7 protein in various tissues of mouse. Primary PDL fibroblasts isolated by scraping the root of the extracted human mandibular third molars. The cells were incubated with various concentration of human recombinant $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and TGF\;${\beta}$ for 48h nd 2 weeks. At each time point total RNA was extracted and the levels of transcription ere assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR assay). polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLsl7 peptides, CLSVSYNRSYQINE and SEAVHETDLHDGC, were made, and stained the tooth, periodontium, developing bone, bone marrow and mid-palatal suture of the mouse. The results were as follows. 1. PDLsl7 mRNA levels were increased in response to PDGF (10ng/ml) and $TGF\;{\beta}$(20ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF{\beta}$for 48 h. 2. PDLsl7 was up-regulated only by $TGF{\beta}$(20 ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF\;{\beta}$ for 2 weeks and unchanged by the other stimulants. 3. PDLsl7 was a novel protein coding the 142 amino acid peptides in the ORF and the nucleotide sequences of the obtained cDNA from RT-PCR was exactly same as the nucleotides of the database. 4. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PDLsl7 is preferentially expressed in the PDL, differentiating osteoblast-like cells and stromal cells of the bone marrow in the adult mouse. 5. The expression of PDLsl7 protein was barely detectable in gingival fibroblasts, hematopoetic cells of the bone marrow and mature osteocytes of the alveolar bone. These results suggest that PDLsl7 might upregulated by PDGF-BB or $TGF{\beta}$ and acts at the initial stage of differentiation when the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL differentiate into multiple cell types. However, more research needs to be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLsl7 during the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal and PDL cells.
임기정,박의현 한양대학교 의과대학 2015 Hanyang Medical Reviews Vol.35 No.2
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a sensorineural hearing loss of at least 30 dB in 3 consecutive speech frequencies that occurred within the previous 3 days. In most cases the cause is not identified, although various infective, vascular, and miscellaneous causes have been proposed. It has a reported incidence of 5 to 20 per 100,000 patients per year. Many treatments are used, including corticosteroids, antiviral drugs, hemodilution agents, minerals, vitamins, herbal preparations, batroxobin, carbogen, and oxygen-based treatments. Intra-tympanic dexamethasone injection into the middle ear may be useful to SSNHL patients with profound hearing loss that is intractable to medical treatment or who also have diabetes mellitus. In SSNHL, early treatment with combined modalities that include steroid injection is generally recognized as the current best practice. The spontaneous recovery rates have been reported to be between 32-70%, and although various treatment protocols have been tried, only about half of patients completely recover, usually within 2 weeks. There is much to learn about pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and more clinical trials are needed to establish evidence-based management.
임기정,안윤석,최준,송재준,채성원,정학현 대한청각학회 2015 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.19 No.3
To demonstrate biofilm formations on a cochlear implant magnet of a pediatric patient suffering from a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The appearance of biofilm colonies was analyzed on different magnet sections. The appearance of MRSA biofilms on the surface of an explanted cochlear implant was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focusing on the pattern of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within the biofilms. SEM revealed unique biofilms with a three-dimensional EPS complex and tower-like formations. Biofilm configurations changed from the margin to the center of the magnet. Biofilms were solitary and scattered at the margin; large and plate-like in the center; and stacked in layers, forming towers and water channels, in the middle region. After a MRSA infection, biofilm formations were observed on the surface of a magnet. Bacterial biofilms provide optimal conditions for bacterial growth and antibiotic resistance and can cause intractable infections that lead to device failure.
결핵성 경부 림프절염의 항결핵제 치료기간에 관한 연구:6개월과 12개월 요법의 무작위 임상대조연구
임기정,권윤환,백승국,우정수,권순영,정광윤,박대원,손장욱,김민자,천병철 대한이비인후과학회 2004 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.47 No.3
Background and Objectives:Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is one of the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis. Foreign guidelines recommend a six-month short course chemotherapy for tuberculous peripheral lymphadenitis as an initial standard regimen. However, there have been some debates about the duration of chemotherapy in South Korea. The aim of this study is to determine the reasonable duration of chemotherapy for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in a randomized controlled study. Subjects and Method:We analyzed clinical outcome of 80 patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis treated at Korea University Medical Center from April 1998 to November 2001. All patients were randomized in two groups by treatment regimens. All patients were given antituberculous chemotherapy for 6 or 12 months, starting with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and pyrazinamide (P) for 2 months, then continuing with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol for the remaining 4 months or 10 months, respectively. Results:Forty-seven patients were given a 12-month regimen (2 HERZ/10 HRE), and 43 patients (91.5%) were cured. Thirty-three patients were given a 6-month regimen (2 HERZ/ 4 HRE), and 20 patients (60.6%) were cured. The cure rate of the 12-month regimen appeared significantly higher than that of the 6-month. In both groups, no recurrence was found during the follow up period up to 12 months. Conclusion:The 12-month regimen could be recommended as a reasonable chemotherapy regimen for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in South Korea. Single lymph node excisional biopsy is an important diagnostic method. but, it has no additional benefits of treatment.