계통적 다양성 분석을 통한 금강산-설악산 조류의 생태적 유사성 연구

이후승(Who-Seung Lee),허학영(Hag Young Heo),권영수(Young-Soo Kwon),채희영(Hee-Young Chae) 국립공원연구원 2022 국립공원연구지 Vol.13 No.1

Phylogenetic diversity (PD) is defined as the sum of the total lengths of branches of species in phylogenetic tree. Unlike typical metrics based on number of species and individuals, phylogenetic diversity could evaluate ecological and life-history trsits of species in community. This study compared and analyzed the ecological similarity and differentiation in terms of biodiversity through phylogenetic diversity of birds in both Geumgangsan and Seoraksan National Parks, which are connected to ecological network for board area on natinoal land. Phylogenetic diversity of birds investigated from both Geumgangsan and Seoraksan National Parks was found to be similar overall, confirming the ecological connectivity between biodiversity aspects. In particular, Jaccard’s similaritiy analysis showed that forest-dwelling birds were highly similar between national parks whereas waterbirds differed. Because Geumgangsan National Park is adjacent to the East sea, there were more waterbirds. Although we found ecological signifcant in bird diversity between national parks, this study has limitation that our analyses considered no environmental characteristics as habitat factors. However, to minimize the limiations of bird surveys conducted in North Korea, phylogenetic diversity was identified as possible method of the assessment and we discussed on this.

포식자-피식자 모델을 이용하여 기후변화가 논습지를 이용하는 조류 개체군 동태에 미치는 영향 예측

이후승 ( Who Seung Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4

BACKGROUND: It is well known that rice-fields can provide excellent foraging places for birds including seasonal migrants, wintering, and breeding and hence the high biodiversity of rice-fields may be expected. However, how environmental change including climate-changes on life-history and population dynamics in birds on rice-fields has not been fully understood. In order to investigate how climate-change affects population migratory patterns and migration timing, I modeled a population dynamics of birds in rice-fields over a whole year. METHODS AND RESULTS: I applied the Lotka-Volterra equation to model the population dynamics of birds that have been foraging/visiting rice-fields in Korea. The simple model involves the number of interspecific individuals and temperature, and the model parameters are periodic in time as the biological activities related to the migration, wintering and reproduction are seasonal. As results, firstly there was a positive relationship between the variation of seasonal population sizes and temperature change. Secondly, the reduced lengths of season were negatively related to the population size. Overall, the effects of the difference of lengths of season on seasonal population dynamics were higher than the effects of seasonal temperature change. CONCLUSION(S): Climate change can alter population dynamics of birds in rice-fields and hence the variation may affect the fitness, such as reproduction, survival and migration. The unstable balances of population dynamics in birds using paddy rice field as affected by climate change can reduce the population growth and species diversity in rice fields. The results suggest that the agricultural production is partly affected by the unstable balance of population in birds using rice-fields.

감염성 질병예방을 위한 질병-생태 통합평가시스템 구축 종합연구(Ⅲ)

이후승 ( Lee Who-seung ),사공희 ( Sagong Hee ),주용준 ( Joo Yong-joon ),이상윤 ( Lee Sangyun ),지민규 ( Ji Min-kyu ),최창용 ( Choi Changyoung ),유대성 ( Yoo Daesung ),이지예 ( Lee Jiye ),송슬기 ( Song Seulki ) 한국환경연구원 2023 사업보고서 Vol.2023 No.0

기후변화와 수상레저활동 인구변화가 어류의 초기생활사에 미치는 영향

이후승 ( Who Seung Lee ) 한국수생태학회 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.3

Environmental condition can induce changes in early life-history traits in order to maximise the ecological fitness. Here I investigated how temperature change and variation in human aquatic activity/behaviour affect early life-history consequences in fish using a dynamic-state-dependent model. In this study, I developed a general fish`s life-history model including three life-history states depend-ing on foraging activity, such as body mass, mass of reproductive tissue (i.e., gonadal development) and accumulated stress (i.e., cellular or physiological damage). I assumed the level of foraging activity maximises reproductive success-ultimately, fitness. The model predicts that growth rate, development of reproductive tissues and damage accumulation are greater in higher temperature whereas higher human aquatic activity rapidly reduced the growth rate and development of reproductive tissue and increased damage accumulation. While higher foraging activity in higher temperature is less affected by human aquatic activity, the foraging activity in lower temperature rapidly declined with human aquatic activity. Moreover, lower survival rate in higher temperature or human aquatic activity was independent on mortality rate due to human aquatic activity or mortality rate when foraging activity, respectively. However, the survival rate in lower temperature or human aquatic activity was dependent on these mortality rates. My findings suggest that including of early life-history traits in relation to climate-change and human aquatic activity on the analysis may improve conservation plan and health assessment in aquatic ecosystem.

생태학적 관점에서 기후변화와 원헬스

이후승 ( Who-seung Lee ) 대한인수공통감염병학회 2023 대한인수공통전염병학회 학술발표초록집 Vol.2023 No.2

동적상태의존모형을 통한 중간기착지에서의 방해 스트레스가 철새의 생존과 재이동에 미치는 영향

이후승(Who-Seung Lee) 한국조류학회II 2012 한국조류학회지 Vol.19 No.4

철새는 번식지 또는 월동지로부터의 장거리 비행에 따른 손실된 에너지를 회복하기 위해 중간기착지를 이용한다. 중간기착지에서의 철새는 장거리 비행에 의해 감소한 몸무게의 회복과 비행에너지의 축적 그리고 누적된 체내 생리적 스트레스의 감소를 통해 최종목적지까지의 이동 성공을 최대로 하기 위해 전략적으로 행동한다. 따라서, 중간기착지에서의 취식과 휴식의 방해요인은 이러한 전략적 행동을 방해하여 이동성공에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 동적상태의존모형을 이용하여 취식행동에 따른 철새의 몸무게-비행에너지-스트레스를 포함한 생활사 모형을 개발하였다. 중간기착지에서의 최적취식행동은 최종목적지로의 이동 성공률이 최대값이 되는 행동 선택의 결과로 결정하였다. 모형은 방해요인의 정도가 클수록 철새의 몸무게 증가와 누적 스트레스의 감소 그리고 비행에너지 누적속도가 느려지게 되어, 결국 최종목적지로의 이동 성공을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 예측하였다. 반대로 방해요인의 정도가 낮을수록 몸무게의 빠른 회복과 누적 스트레스의 빠른 감소 그리고 비행에너지의 빠른 향상으로 이동성공률을 높일 수 있음을 보였다. To migrate successfully, birds need to stay at stopover sites where they acquire their fuel reserves since the long-distance flight needs to pay lots of energy. Migrants at stopover sites behave strategically to maximise the migration success by recovering body mass and flight energy and declining accumulated physiological stress. There are negative effects of human disturbance (or abiotic disturbance) on foraging and resting behaviours, and thus the effects also have a negative function on migration success. In this study, I developed a dynamic-state-dependent life-history model including three life-history strategies depending on feeding activity, such as body mass, flight energy and accumulated stress. Focusing on behavior in stopover site, I determine the level of activity that maximizes re-migration success - ultimately, fitness. The prediction of this model shows that high pressure of human disturbance will incur low rate of gaining mass and reducing accumulated stress, but high energy for flight. In addition, these low rates will have a negative function on migration success. Conversely, the low pressure of disturbance will improve the feeding activity, mass and flight energy, but decline accumulated stress.

조류충돌에 대한 환경영향평가 개선을 위한 기초연구

이후승 ( Who-seung Lee ) 한국환경연구원 2018 한국환경정책평가연구원 기초연구보고서 Vol.2018 No.-

This study investigates the status of bird collisions with man-made structures including buildings, windshields and transparent noise barrier, and analyzes the time series changes in bird-building collisions, its correlation with development projects, and the impact of behavioral characteristics in birds. On the basis of the results, I suggest improving measures in making environmental impact statement (EIS), environmental impact assessment (EIA) and mitigation efforts. First, the status of bird collisions with man-made structures was analyzed on the basis of long-term (2007-2017) data from 11 Wild Animal Rescue Centers in South Korea. It turned out that the cases of bird-building collision have been increasing continuously, and its significant correlation with development projects regarding multi-storied apartments, and high-rise buildings was found. In addition, the data showed that bird collisions were not affected by sensitive periods in life-history such as foraging, breeding and wintering, but were related to environmental changes caused by developments. Second, it is confirmed that decals shaped like raptor (e.g., bird saver) distributed by NGOs and conservation agencies in Korea are used as a generalized mitigation measure for bird collision deterrence, however, the impact of the mitigation was lower because the no method or incorrect method was provided. So this study suggests a more effective mitigation with correct installation method. Third, current bird monitoring methods in the EIS were reviewed and advanced methods to analyze avian movement within project sites were suggested to improve the EIS. Fourth, improved mitigation to prevent bird collision in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and advanced risk assessment in bird collision were suggested and further studies to improve the EIS were derived. No bird collisions with buildings can be totally prevented, but it is necessary to move toward minimizing the collision risk through various mitigations with correct installation method and suitable evaluation in the EIA.

도시의 환경스트레스가 참새의 번식수행 전략과 개체군 최적상태에 미치는 영향

정슬기(Seulgi Jeong),이후승(Who-Seung Lee) 한국조류학회 2020 한국조류학회지 Vol.27 No.2

도시화된 환경은 조류에게 환경적 스트레스를 유발하여 취식과 번식에 대한 전략적 선택에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 동적상태의존모델을 이용하여 도시 환경을 서식기반으로 하는 조류의 번식생활사 모형을 제시하고, 조류의 번식 결과에 대한 환경적 스트레스의 영향을 예측하였다. 우선 부화에서 이소까지의 부모와 새끼의 에너지 상태 변화는 최적 취식행동과 최적 먹이분배 전략에 의해 결정되는 것으로 가정하였고, 2019년 3월부터 6월까지 세종특별자치시 지역에서 조사된 참새의 번식행동 결과를 사용하여 참새의 번식 생활사 모델을 제시하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 둥지 주변의 환경적 스트레스가 클수록 먹이 급이 기간이 증가하고, 부모의 에너지 상태가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 높은 환경적 스트레스는 새끼의 이소시기를 늦추고 부모의 에너지 상태 회복을 늦추는 것으로 예측되었다. 특히 최적 한배 새끼수는 환경 스트레스가 증가함에 따라 감소하고 생존율도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 도시 환경에서 둥지 장소 주변의 환경적 스트레스가 참새의 취식행동과 생존율에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 예측되었다. 끝으로 본 연구는 도시 환경에서 서식하는 조류가 서식 장소의 환경적 조건에 따라 다른 번식 전략을 선택할 수 있음을 시사한다. Environmental stress in urban can affect strategic decision for foraging and breeding on birds. Here we investigated how environmental stress in urban affect breeding performance, such as foraging behavior and survival in bird using a dynamic-state-dependent model. In this study, we developed Passer montanus’s life-history model in breeding including parental and nestling energy states. The model assumed that the states depend on foraging distance and resource allocation to maximize ecological fitness. We contrast the predictions of the model with field breeding data in Sejong-si during the breeding period in 2019. The model predicts that foraging period is longer, but parental energy state is reduced in higher environmental stress. In addition, the higher environmental stress induces later fledgling time and slower recovery of parental energy state. The model also predicts that higher environmental stress declines optimal brood size and survival in both parent and nestling. Overall, environmental stress, such as traffic noise and its frequency around nests in urban negatively affects foraging behavior and survival in Passer montanus. Our findings suggest that birds may decide alternative breeding strategy depending on degree of environmental stress in urban.

인공신경회로망을 이용한 서해안 겨울철 수조류의 발생특성 유형화

박영석 ( Young Seuk Park ),이후승 ( Who Seung Lee ),남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),이기섭 ( Ki Sup Lee ),유정칠 ( Jeong Chil Yoo ) 한국환경생물학회 2007 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.25 No.2

환경평가 지원을 위한 지역 환경현황 분석 시스템 구축 및 운영 : 토석채취사업의 현황 및 개발 적정성 분석

이영준 ( Young-joon Lee ),박종윤 ( Jong-yoon Park ),이후승 ( Who-seung Lee ) 한국환경연구원 2018 사업보고서 Vol.2018 No.-

Depending on the purpose, Earth & Rock Extraction Projects can be generally classified into the following categories: rock quarry, land aggregates, river sand and gravel, pits for collecting soil rocks for landfill sites, open storage yards and mines. Known as one of the most environmentally sensitive development projects resulting in massive ecosystem and topographical damage, it is fundamentally impossible to be recovered for the earth & rock extraction project from damage due to artificially generated vertical cliffs. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative characteristics of environmental impacts based on the environmental assessment (EA) data of earth & rock extraction projects such as type, size, regional distribution, amount of extraction and period in order to provide a direction for appropriate development. More than 1,800 projects in which EA had been conducted up until 2017 were analyzed. In particular, the current status of earth & rock extraction projects was analyzed in the Capital Area where aggregate demand is the highest and the Chungnam Area where development activity is relatively very high in connection with the adjacent Capital Area. In the case of the Capital Area, a total of 105 EA for earth & rock extraction projects were conducted from 2002 to 2017 including 26 rock quarry development projects. In the case of Chungnam Area, a total of 256 projects were conducted, including 65 rock quarry development projects. For rock quarry development projects, where damages occurred most widely in time and location, the average ratio of the vegetation conservation grade III-IV per project for the Capital Area and Chungnam Area was 56% and 64%, respectively. The ratio of projects where the area of vegetation conservation grade III-IV occupied more than 40% of the total project area was also 72% and 76% in the Capital Area and Chungnam Area, respectively. This indicates that forest damage is very significant in rock quarry development. In addition, as the size of the project increases through the additional EA process, such as partial changes or reprocessing of the EA, species diversity is shown to decrease in all types, indicating that the ecological impact of development continues to get worse. Unlike other development projects, the rock quarry development project is characterized by the fact that the area and amount of rock quarrying approved at the time of initial licensing are constantly expanding over time. Therefore, it may lead to large-scale environmental damage, which requires a careful approach to development. In particular, rock quarry development that causes irreversible damage over a long period should be comprehensively looked at in terms of the necessity and adequacy of the development at metropolitan and provincial levels from the stage of site selection. The necessary minimum capacity should be developed at the supply and demand level. In this respect, the results of this study can be used to establish goals for an aggregate supply and demand plan at a local province level. Based on the overall development status data from local governments on earth & rock extraction projects, it would be possible to conduct an effective EA for the appropriateness of new or expansion projects in relation to supply and demand.