마이크로에멀젼형 준수계 세정제의 배합조건 변화에 따른 물리적 특성 및 세정성능 영향

이호열 ( Ho Yeoul Lee ),한지원 ( Ji Won Han ),이명진 ( Myung Jin Lee ),박병덕 ( Byeong Deog Park ),한상원 ( Sang Won Han ),이동기 ( Dong Ki Lee ),박선우 ( Sun Woo Park ),황인국 ( In Gook Hwang ),배재흠 ( Jae Heum Bae ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 유기용매의 종류 및 함량, 계면활성제의 종류 및 함량, 보조계면활성제/계면활성제(cosurfactant/surfactant, A/S) 비율 등의 변수에 따라 배합된 마이크로에멀젼형의 준수게 세정제들의 물리적 특성과 플럭스에 대한 용해력을 측정하였다. 또한, 세정공정 중에 사용되는 헹굼액의 유수분리성을 측정하여 헹굼액의 재활용성을 평가하였다. 배합된 세정제들은 water-in-oil (W/O) 형태의 마이크로에멀젼을 형성하였으며, 30.2~32.5 dyne/cm의 낮은 표면장력과 낮은 점도 값을 보여 세정공정에서 침투력이 좋을 것으로 예상되었다. 플럭스에 대한 용해력은 계면활성제의 소수성이 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며 terpene을 함유란 세정제들이 hydrocarbon 형태의 세정제와 대응품(CPA, CPB)에 비해 우수한 용해력을 보였다. 그리고, 배합된 세정제들을 함유한 헹굼액은 우수한 유수분리성을 보여 헹굼액의 재활용이 가능하여 경제적인 부담과 수질오염을 줄일 수 있음을 보여주었다. In this study, two kinds of microemulsion-type semi-aqueous cleaning agents that consisted of organic solvent, surfactant, cosurfactant, and water were formulated by changing formulation parameters such as organic solvent type and contents, surfactant type and contents, and cosurfactant/surfactant(A/S) ratio. Physical properties and flux removal of the formulated cleaning agents have also been evaluated. The performance of oil-water separation from the rinse water contaminated during the cleaning process was evaluated for its recycling. The formulated cleaning agents in this work were found to form water-in-oil (W/O) type microemulsion and they were expected to have good penetration because of their low viscosity and low surface tension of 30.2~32.5 dyne/cm. The flux removal with the terpene type cleaning agent was higher than those of hydrocarbon type cleaning agent and two commercial products (CPA, CPB), and the solubility increased with hydrophobicity of the nonionic surfactant. The performance of oil-water separation from the rinse water containing formulated cleaning agent and soils was found to be very good. Therefore, the cleaning agents formulated in this work seemed to have good cleaning efficiency to have economical advantage and water pollution reduction by recycling the rinse water.

In Vitro에 의한 유황피복요소(硫黃被覆尿素)와 Diuredio Isobutane의 이용효과(利用效果) 판정(判定)

이호일,이재구,최인혁,Lee, Ho-Il,Rhee, Jae-Ku,Choi, In-Hyuk 대한수의학회 1982 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

In order to explore more efficient protein substitutes by improving the utilization of non-protein nitrogen compounds in ruminants, the experiment was undertaken. The effects of sulfur coated urea (SCU) and diuredio isobutane (DUIB) in the ruminal fluid on the concentration of $NH_3-N$, the total count of the ruminal ciliates and pH value were estimated in vitro. The results obtained from the experiment were as follows: 1. The pH of the media of the group added diuredio isobutane and sulfur costed urea tends to decrease slightly at 9 hours after the incubation, but no pH changes were observed in the media added urea alone. 2. The number of the ciliates in the ruminal fluid was slightly increased 9 hours after the incubation in all groups. 3. The concentrations of $NH_3-N$ in the ruminal fluid were gradually increased according to the incubation in vitro showing 418, 431 and $627{\mu}g/ml$ in the group added diuredio isobutane and 428, 569 and $792{\mu}g/ml$ in the group added sulfur coated urea at 0, 0.5 and 9 hours after the incubation, respectively.

인체 치은 섬유아세포의 성장과 부착에 관한 Chlorhexidine의 효과

이호,이인규,김형섭,Lee, Ho,Lee, In-Kyu,Kim, Hyung-Seop 대한치주과학회 1993 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.23 No.3

The Chlorhexidine(CHX) has been a widely used adjunt in periodontal therapy due to its bactericidal effect. In spite of the effects of CHX exhibits cytotoxic to human cells and delays granulation tissue formation. Therefore, understanding the effects of CHX on fibroblast attachment and cell growth will provide the rationale for its use during healing phase of periodontal surgery. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of standardized CHX-pretreated dentin slices and direct CHX exposure on human gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follow : 1. In experiment 1, there was a significant reduction in the number of fibroblast attachment in 0.12, 1%-pretreated groups relative to the control, 0.05%-pretreated groups(P<0.05). 2. In experiment 1, the control, 0.05%-pretreated groups showed considerable attachment and typical fibroblastic morphology, but 0.12, 1%-pretreated groups showed irregular, round-up (unattached) fibroblastic morphology. 3. In experiment 2, it appeared that all experimental groups exhibits significant inhibition of cell growth when compared with the control group.

사이버 무기체계 핵심기술 실현시기의 영향 요인 분석

이호균(Ho-gyun Lee),임종인(Jong-in Lim),이경호(Kyung-ho Lee) 한국정보보호학회 2017 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.27 No.2

지속적인 북한의 사이버 공격에 대응해서 사이버 무기체계와 핵심기술의 연구개발 추진을 요구받고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문은 사이버 무기체계에 소요되는 핵심기술을 도출하고, 도출된 핵심기술들의 실현시기에 대한 영향 요인을 분석 하였다. 9개의 핵심기술군, 36개의 핵심기술이 도출되었으며, 도출된 핵심기술군을 합동사이버작전교범의 작전단계와 록히드마틴의 사이버 킬체인과 비교해 본 결과, 누락된 요소가 없이 매핑되고 있음을 확인하였다. 핵심기술의 실현시기에 대한 각 요인별 영향도를 회귀분석한 결과, 핵심기술의 실현시기는 최고선진국 기술수준, 한국 기술수준, 국방에서 민간으로의 기술이전 가능성, 민간에서 국방으로의 기술이전 가능성이 높을수록 더 빨라지고, 선진국의 기술이전 기피도가 높을수록 더 늦어지며, 경제적 파급효과와는 유의미한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 사이버무기 체계를 정식 무기체계로 편입시킨 전력발전훈령 개정 및 합참사이버작전교범 제정에 맞춰 사이버 무기체계의 핵심기술을 도출하고 핵심기술 실현시기의 영향 요인을 확인한 것에 의의가 있다. It is demanded to promote research and development of cyber weapons system and core technology in response to the ongoing cyber attack of North Korea. In this paper, core technologies of the future cyber weapon system are developed and the factors affecting the realization timing of core technologies were analyzed. 9 core technology groups and 36 core technologies are derived. Afterwards, these core technology groups are compared to the operation phase of the joint cyber warfare guideline and the cyber kill chain of Lockheed Martin. As a result of the comparison, it is confirmed that the core technology groups cover all phases of the aforementioned tactics. The results of regression analyses performed on the degree of influence by each factor regarding the moment of core technology realization show that the moment of core technology realization approaches more quickly as factors such as technology level of the most advanced country, technology level of South Korea, technology transfer possibility from the military sector to the non-military sector(spin-off factor), and technology transfer possibility from the non-military sector to the military sector(spin-on factor) increase. On the contrary, the moment of core technology realization is delayed as the degree at which the advanced countries keep their core technologies from transferring decrease. The results also confirm that the moment of core technology realization is not significantly correlated to the economic ripple effect factor. This study is meaningful in that it extract core technologies of cyber weapon system in accordance with revision of force development directive and join cyber warfare guideline, which incorporated cyber weapon system into formal weapon system. Furthermore, the study is significant because it indicates the influential factor of the moment of core technology realization.

국방 사이버 무기체계와 기존 재래식 무기체계의 핵심기술 수준 및 특성 비교 연구

이호균(Ho-gyun Lee),임종인(Jong-in Lim),이경호(Kyung-ho Lee) 한국정보보호학회 2016 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.26 No.4

2006년 방위사업청 개청 이후 국방 핵심기술 연구개발 사업은 단순히 무기체계 자체개발뿐만 아니라 첨단기술 확보를 통한 과학기술력 향상, 방위산업 육성 그리고 민간기술과의 상호 발전을 기대하는 수준에 이르렀다. 2015년부터 새롭게 국방 무기체계로 추가된 사이버 무기체계는 이스라엘의 사례에서 보는 바와 같이 국방력 향상과 산업 발전 모두를 기대할 수 있는 유망 무기체계 분야이다. 본 논문은 사이버 무기체계의 기술기획 방향 수립을 위해 지금까지 발표된 국방 핵심기술 수준조사 결과를 활용하여 사이버 무기체계의 기술수준과 특성을 다른 무기체계와의 비교를 통해 다 각도로 분석하였다. 분석결과 사이버 무기체계는 민간 분야의 기술 축적을 통해 상대적으로 높은 기술수준을 보유하고 있으나 국방 분야에서 상대적으로 늦게 정식 무기체계로 편입되었고, 능동적 대응사례가 부족하기 때문에 국가 순위는 낮게 조사되었다. 그러나 선진국과의 기술격차는 가장 낮은 그룹으로 분석되어 무기체계 획득 및 핵심기술 연구개발 사업을 효율적으로 추진한다면 빠른 시일 내에 우수한 사이버 전력을 확보할 것으로 기대된다. Since the inauguration of Defense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA) in 2006, the national defense core technology research & development business has not only pertained to the weapons systems development but also to the improvement of the national science & technology capability via the acquisition of cutting-edge technologies. Furthermore, it has been closely related to the promotion of the defense industry and the mutual improvements of defense and civil technologies. The cyber warfare weapon system, a newly added national defense weapon system field since 2015, has become a promising weapon system branch for improving the national defense power as well as the national defense industry as shown in the case of Israel. By utilizing the existing result of the national defense core technology level, in order to establish the direction of technology planning of the cyber warfare weapon system, this paper analyzes the technology level and features of the cyber warfare weapon system in various aspects via comparisons with other weapons systems. The result of these analyses shows that the cyber warfare weapon system possesses a relatively high technology level due to the technology accumulation in the civilian sector while the relatively slow inclusion to the national weapons systems and the lack of the correspondence case regarding aggressive cyber responses in the defense sector yields a relatively low national rank. However, the technological gap between South Korea and the most advanced country in the field of cyber warfare technology is analyzed to be among the lowest, which indicates that with efficient and effective pursuits in terms of pthe weapons systems acquisitions as well as the core technologies research & development business, an outstanding cyber warfare capacity can be obtained in a short time.

벨마비와 귀 대상포진에서 자기공명영상과 수술 소견의 연관성

김인섭(In Sup Kim),이원상(Won-Sang Lee),김진아(Jinna Kim),이호기(Ho-Ki Lee) 대한두개저학회 2006 대한두개저학회지 Vol.1 No.1

We investigated the correlation between gadolinium enhanced MRI finding and swollen segments of facial nerve in patients with in Bell’s palsy and Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome. From 1995 to 2004, MRIs were performed on 13 patients with Bell’s palsy or Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. These patients were offered a surgical decompression of facial nerve through middle cranial fossa. They were evaluated by assessing the time to MRI and to operation after onset, the site of facial nerve enhancement, operative finding of facial nerve and initial/ postoperative severity of facial palsy. The swelling of some segments of facial nerve is found in patients with enhanced facial nerve in an MRI. In particular, the swelling of facial nerve is identified in all patients with enhanced facial nerves in the labyrinthine segment. Respectively, the swelling of geniculate ganglion and tympanic segment of the facial nerve accounts for 78% and 43% of patients with enhanced facial segment in an MRI, respectively (p<0.05). In summary, an MRI enhancement of facial nerves in Bell’s palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is well associated with the extent of intratemporal lesions in facial nerves.

알칼리형 연료전지에서 산소환원에 미치는 촉매 특성 연구 Ⅱ . XRD , TG , TPR 를 이용한 La0.6Sr0.4Co1 - xFexO3 의 특성 분석

문형대,이호인 ( Hyeung Dae Moon,Ho In Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.3

페롭스카이트 La_0.6 Sr_0.4 Co_(1-x) Fe_xO₃(x=0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, 및 0.50)를 산소전극물질로 사용하여 알칼리형 연료전지에서의 산소환원반응을 연구하였다. Fe치환에 따른 촉매특성의 변화를 X-선회절분석법(XRD), 열중량분석법(TG) 및 승온환원법(TPR)을 통하여 조사하였다. XRD 구조분석을 통하여 페롭스카이트 단위격자의 격자상수값을 측정할 수 있었다. TG 실험결과 Fe는 페롭스카이트 구조내에서 크게 안정화되어 900℃까지 거의 환원되지 않았고, Fe치환량 증가에 따라 Co-O간의 결합에너지가 증가하여 고온에서 제거되는 산소종의 양이 증가하였다. TPR 실험결과, α-(저온피크)와 β-(고온피크)산소종이 존재하였다. β-산소종은 Co와 강하게 결합되어 있는 산소종으로서 Fe치환량 증가에 따라 결합세기가 증가하였다. α-산소종은 가역적으로 격자내외를 출입하는 산소환원반응의 활성종이었으며, Fe치환량 증가에 따른 격자상수의 증가는 금속과 α-산소종간의 결합에너지로 볼 수 있는 α산소종의 환원피크를 저온으로 이동시킴으로써 산소환원반응의 활성을 증가시켰다. 반면에, Fe치환량 증가에 따른 α-산소종의 감소는 산소환원반응의 활성을 감소시켰으며, Fe치환에 따른 표면적의 증가는 반응활성에 크게 영향을 미치지 못하였다. Oxygen reduction in an alkaline fuel cell was studied by using perovskite of La_0.6 Sr_0.4 Co_(1-x) Fe_xO₃(x=0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, and 0.50) as an oxygen electrode catalyst. The changes in the catalytic properties as a function of Fe content were investigated by XRD, TG, and TPR. XRD patterns gave different lattice parameters of the catalysts. TG study revealed that Fe was so stabilized in the perovskite structure as to be hardly reduced even up to 900 ℃, and the amount of oxygen which was eliminated at high temperature increased with the fraction of Fe because Fe induced the increase of Co-O binding energy. From TPR study, α-(low temperature peak) and β-(high temperature peak)states were observed. The bond strength of the β-species which was associated strongly with Co of the perovskite increased proportionally with the fraction of Fe. The α-species, reversible oxygen, was the active species in the oxygen reduction. The α-peak temperature which reflected the binding energy between Co and α-state oxygen moved to lower temperature with the increase of lattice parameter of the catalytst due to the increase of Fe content. The decrease in the binding energy increased the activity in the oxygen reduction, but the decrease of α-species with the increase of Fe content decreased the activity. The increase in the surface area with Fe content had little effect on the activity.

낙동강 수계 폐수배출업소를 대상으로 휘발성유기화합물질 배출실태 조사

이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),임태효 ( Tae Hyo Lim ),허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ),이재관 ( Jaeg Wan Lee ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ),이호열 ( Ho Yul Lee ),천세억 ( Se Uk Cheon ) 한국환경분석학회 2012 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.15 No.3

There are many industrial factories in the central Nakdong river basin and have been occurred water pollution accidents by hazardous chemicals such as phenol, 1,4-dioxane and perchlorate. In this study, seven volatile organic compounds, VOCs(1,3-butadiene, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, epichlorohydrin, styrene, hexachloroethane, 1,4-dioxane) potentially discharged into the Nakdong river were determined by purge & trap and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Method detection limit(MDL) and limit of quantitation( LOQ) were in the range 0.14~0.38 μg/L and 0.44~1.22 μg/L, respectively. Six compounds(1,3-butadiene, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, epichlorohydrin, styrene, 1,4-dioxane) were detected in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) and wastewater discharge facilities from the Nakdong River basin. 1,4-Dioxane was most frequently observed in WWTPs and wastewater discharge facilities.

노인장기요양보험 대상자 확대에 따른 재정추계 분석

최인덕(In-duck Choi),이호용(Ho-yong Lee) 한국노년학회 2011 한국노년학 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 노인장기요양보험 대상자 및 등급 확대에 따른 대상자 규모와 소요 재정을 추계함으로써 제도의 안정적 발전 및 지속가능성을 제고하고, 향후 정책개발에 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법은 문헌조사와 독일, 일본 등 선험국의 대상자 확대 정책을 고찰하여 대상자 확대 전략을 수립하고, 국민건강보험공단의 노인장기요양보험 대상자 증가추이, 노인성 질환대상자 증가 추이 분석, 현행 등급별 대상자의 급여 현황을 파악하여 등급 확대에 따른 재정소요를 예측하였다. 구체적인 방법으로 대상자 및 4등급 확대를 위한 범위 또는 범주를 시나리오별로 구체화하고 세분화된 급여 수준을 분석하여 재정을 추계하였다. 분석결과 대상자는 2010년 31만명에서 2015년 최소 42만명, 최대 57만명이었고, 이에 따른 관리운영비를 제외한 재정은 2010년 2.5조에서 2015년 최소 3.6조, 최대 4.0조인 것으로 추계되었다. 결과적으로 4등급 확대 시기는 제도안정화와 선험국의 선례와 경험을 함께 고려할 때 도입 4년차인 2012년 또는 5년 차인 2013년이 적정할 것으로 보인다. 이로인한 재정은 확대 초기 약 3천억원에서 1조 4천억원이 급여수준에 따라 예측되고, 확대이후 4등급 인정자 및 필요재정지출은 점차 줄어들 것으로 예측된다. 선험국의 예를 볼때 급격한 4등급 확대보다는 시설 및 인프라가 감당할 수 있고, 재정 부담이 가능한 범위 내에서 확대 규모를 도출하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 시의성 있는 연구를 제시하여 향후 정확한 대상자 확대 및 재정안정화를 추구하도록 방향성을 제시하였다. The main purpose of this study is to provide the sustainability and continuous development of Long-term care Insurance in projecting changes of the Long-term care Insurance beneficiary population and Cost. We conducted a transformed cohort-component projection method that are employed for the beneficiary population projection and applied the previous experiences in Japan and German. A transformed cohort-component method means that we also projected the increasing beneficiary of long-term care insurance for using the data of geriatric disease in NHIC and estimated the cost of insurance's financial resources. First of all, beneficiary increase and strategy of extending to level 4 are categorized 2 and the expense account projection are categorized 2. If it is thought experience of Japan and German, The Level 4 extend of insuree is projected 2012 or 2013. With the results of this study, we proposed that extended level 4 insuree include the 40%~90% of geriatric disease in elderly people. The number of beneficiaries in 2011 is expected to reach to about 342,896 and in 2015 is 415,905 on scenario 1. Scenario 2(40%of geriatric disease in elderly people), the number of beneficiaries in 2011 is 342,896 and in 2015 is 483,453. Scenario 3(90%of geriatric disease in elderly people), the number of beneficiaries in 2012 is 545,068 and in 2015 is 565,565. The cost of beneficiaries insurance benefit of scenario 1 are projected from 3,000billion in 2012 to 3,500billion won in 2015. Scenario 2 are projected from 3,100billion in 2012 to 4,000billion won 2015. Finally, The cost of Level 4 extending are need minimum 300billion to maximum 1,400billion won.

수렴성빔 전자회절법을 이용한 리오캐스팅시킨 과공정 Al-Si합금에서 실리콘초정의 격자상수 측정

이정일,김긍호,이호인,Lee, Jung-Ill,Kim, Gyeung-Ho,Lee, Ho-In 한국현미경학회 1995 Applied microscopy Vol.25 No.3

The morphological changes of primary solid particles as a function of process time on hypereutectic Al-15.5wt%Si alloy during semi-solid state processing with a shear rate of $200s^{-1}$ are studied. In this alloy, it was observed that primary Si crystals are fragmented at the early stage of stirring and morphologies of primary Si crystals change from faceted to spherical during isothermal shearing for 60 minutes. To understand the role of Al dissolved in the primary Si crystal by shear stress at high temperature, lattice parameters of the primary Si crystals are determined as a variation of high order Laue zone(HOLZ) line positions measured from convergent beam electron diffraction(CBED) pattern. The lattice parameter of the primary Si crystal in the rheocast Al-15.5wt%Si alloy shows tensile strain of about 5 times greater than that of the gravity casting. Increase of the lattice parameter by rheocasting is due to the increased amount of Al dissolved in the primary Si crystal accelerated by shear stress at high temperature. The amounts of solute Al in the primary Si crystal are measured quantitatively by EPMA method to confirm the CBED analysis.