일본 벤처산업 현황 및 정책과 한국에 대한 시사점

이형오(Lee, Hyung-oh),오태현(Oh, Tae-heon) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2015 일본연구 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 일본 벤처산업의 현황 및 정책을 혁신생태계를 중심으로 고찰하고, 이를 통하여 한국에 대한 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 일본의 경우 과거 세 차례의 벤처 붐이 있었고 오늘날 아베노믹스의 영향으로 네 번째 벤처 붐이 형성되려는 움직임이 나타나고 있다. 한편 한국은 최근 제2차 벤처 붐의 형성을 통해서 산업의 신진대사를 활성화시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 먼저 일본 벤처산업에 관한 기존연구를 고찰하고, 본 연구의 분석틀을 제시하였다. 그 다음 일본 벤처산업의 개요를 산업의 발전과정, 정책 방향 등을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 그리고 일본의 대학, 공적연구기관, 대기업 그리고 관련 정부정책이 벤처 창업에 어떠한 역할을 해 왔는지를 살펴보았다. 이러한 고찰을 통하여 본 연구는 한국에 대한 정책적 시사점으로 지속적인 벤처산업 지원 강화정책의 필요성, 벤처기업 중요성에 대한 교육의 필요성, 대학발 벤처에 대한 구체적 정책 수립의 필요성, 벤처산업 활성화에 있어서의 공적연구기관 활용의 필요성, 대기업과 벤처기업 연계 강화의 필요성 등을 제시하였다. 마지막 부분에서는 본 연구를 요약하고 향후 연구과제에 대해 고찰하였다. The purposes of this article are to review the current situation and government policies of the Japanese venture industry focusing on the innovation ecosystem and to derive policy implications for the Korean government. While there have already been three venture booms in Japan—with a fourth about to emerge—Korean society needs to revitalize its industry structure by establishing a possible second venture boom. This article at first reviewed existing researches on the Japanese venture industry and suggested an analytical framework. Then, it provided an overview of the Japanese venture industry, mainly focusing on the industry’s evolution process and the direction of government policy. In addition, it reviewed how universities, public research institutes, large firms, and related government policies had contributed to the creation of ventures in Japan. Through these reviews, this article derived policy implications for the Korean government such as the need for continuing to strengthen policies supporting the venture industry, the need to educate about the importance of ventures, the need to formulate detailed policies for university-based ventures, the need to utilize public research institutions for the revitalization of the venture industry, and the need to strengthen the network between large firms and ventures. In the final section, a summary of this article and future research topics were mentioned.

문화콘텐츠기업의 해외진출 전략

이형오(Hyung oh Lee) 서울행정학회 2006 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

문화콘텐츠 기업의 효과적인 글로벌 전략과 관리: Born-Global 기업의 특성을 중심으로

이형오 ( Hyung Oh Lee ) 한국국제경영학회 2005 하계학술대회(통합) Vol.1 No.-

Born-Global 기업의 해외진출 동기와 전략: 문화콘텐츠 기업의 사례

이형오 ( Hyung Oh Lee ),박재석 ( Jae Seok Park ),최영준 ( Young Jun Choi ) 한국국제경영학회 2007 國際經營硏究 Vol.18 No.2

한일 경제협력의 변화 과정과 향후 방향

이형오(Hyung-Oh Lee),안지영(Ji-Young Ahn),김영미(Young-Mi Kim) 한일경상학회 2023 韓日經商論集 Vol.99 No.-

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to identify the process of change in Korea-Japan economic cooperation through cooperation projects carried out by Korea-Japan Cooperation Foundation for Industry and Technology (KJCF) over the past 30 years, and to explore the future direction of Korea-Japan economic cooperation. Research design, data, and methodology: This study analyzed the Korea-Japan cooperation projects that KJCF has implemented for 30 years from 1993 to 2022. It classified 819 annual projects of KJCF into three areas based on large classification, 14 project groups based on medium classification, and 187 individual projects based on sub-classification. The three areas of the large classification were Technology Cooperation, Infrastructure-forming Human Exchange, and Trade & Investment Cooperation and Others. This study divided 30 years into three stages: the first stage from 1993 to 2002, the second stage from 2003 to 2012, and the third stage from 2013 to 2022. Then, changes in the economic environment were examined in terms of trade, direct investment, human exchange, and manufacturing competitiveness. Results: As a result of the analysis, it was found that the gap in manufacturing competitiveness between Korea and Japan began to be large, but gradually narrowed in the first and second stages, almost closing the gap in the third stage. Under these environmental changes, KJCF has implemented projects suitable for each stage, and the characteristics of the cooperative projects were defined as General-purpose Technology Adoption Type in the first stage, Application Technology Adoption Type in the second stage, and Adopted Technology Utilization Type in the third stage. In the first stage, there was a big difference in manufacturing competitiveness between Korea and Japan, so KJCF promoted projects that helped Korean companies adopt general-purpose technologies from Japan. Then, in the second stage, projects that helped Korean firms adopt application technology from Japan were executed, and in the third stage, projects where Korean companies could utilize the adopted technology were implemented with the manufacturing competitiveness gap almost disappeared. Furthermore, this changing pattern in KJCF projects was also confirmed in the medium classification analysis. Implications: This study looked at the process of changing economic cooperation between Korea and Japan through KJCF projects implemented in response to given environment for each period. As a result, it can be said that those projects have contributed to improving the competitiveness of Korean companies. In fact, the competitiveness gap between Korea and Japan has been almost disappeared in the third stage, and this has important implications for the future direction of Korea-Japan economic cooperation. Accordingly, as to the future direction of economic cooperation between Korea and Japan, this study emphasized the need for reciprocal win-win type cooperation and further presented three points from the perspective of government policy and corporate strategy. First, policy support and corporate efforts are needed to revitalize Korea-Japan economic cooperation in new business areas such as IT, software, new energy, etc. Second, the governments need to help industry associations in two countries form foundation for business cooperation and companies need to cooperate each other under the assistance of those associations. Third, it was suggested that the governments need to provide communication infrastructure for Korean and Japanese companies to explore global markets through cooperation and that companies need to implement cooperative strategy for expansion to global markets.

효과적인 국제적 지식이전에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석: 국제적 기술연수 사업에서의 연수생 응답 분석

안지영 ( Ji Young Ahn ),이형오 ( Hyung Oh Lee ) 한국국제경영학회 2014 國際經營硏究 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 효과적인 국제적 지식이전에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 국제적 기술연수 사업을 경우를 통하여 분석하는 것이다. 국제적 기술이전에 관한 기존연구에서는 본사와 자회사, 합작투자 파트너들, 인수기업과 피인수기업 등과 같은 기업들을 분석대상으로 해 온 것에 반해 본 연구에서는 지금까지 거의 다루어지지 않았던 국제적 기술연수 사업을 분석대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 지식이전에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 기업간 관계, 개인 및 조직차원의 흡수역량, 지식유형, 그리고 기술이전 성과로서는 연수생 개인 및 연수파견기업의 기술역량 성과와 경영관리역량 성과를 설정하였다. 실증분석에서는 한국 중소중견기업 기술자들이 일본기업 현장에서 연수를 받은 경우를 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석결과, 자본관계는 조직의 기술역량 성과에 영향을 미쳤다. 흡수역량의 경우는, 연수생의 커뮤니케이션 능력이 모든 성과에 유의한 영향을 미칠 정도로 중요했고, 연수생의 높은 기술수준은 아마도 연수에 대한 높은 기대수준을 가지게 함으로써 오히려 연수생의 기술역량 성과에 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또 연수파견기업의 흡수역량인 연구개발 투자정도는 개인차원의 기술역량 및 경영관리역량 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 연수대상 지식이 명시적 특성을 지닐수록 개인의 기술역량 및 경영관리역량 그리고 조직의 기술역량 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 개인차원 성과는 지식이전 영향요인 일부와 조직차원 성과 사이에 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 이러한 분석결과에 근거하여 국제적 기술연수 사업의 효과적인 실행과 관련한 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors which have impact on effective international knowledge transfer in the case of technology transfer training programs. While previous researches in the area of international knowledge transfer have dealt with firms such as headquarters and subsidiaries, partners in JV, or acquiring firms and acquired firms in MandA, this article deals with international technology transfer training programs which have not been much researched. This paper focused on inter-firm relationship, individual and organizational absorptive capacities, and knowledge type as the impact factors, and on technological and managerial performances in the individual level of trainees and in the organizational level of trainee-dispatching firms. In the empirical analysis, we dealt with the cases where Korean technicians in SMEs took technological training in the workplace of Japanese firms. As the result of the analysis, it was found that capital relationship had meaningful impact on the technological performance of trainee-dispatching firms. As to absorptive capacity, it was found that the communication skill of trainees was very important having significant impact on all kinds of performances, and that the technological level of trainees had negative impact on their technological performance probably because of their high expectation for the training programs. The RandD investment level of trainee- dispatching firms, a type of firm-level absorptive capacity had meaningful impact on the technological and managerial performance of the trainees. As to the knowledge type, it was found that the more explicit the knowledge was, the higher the technological and managerial performances of the trainees and technological performance of the dispatching firms were. In addition, the individual performances had mediation effect between some of the impact factors and the organizational performances. Finally this study suggested some implications for the effective implementation of international technology training programs on the basis of the above analytical results.

일본 모빌리티 산업동향 및 토요타자동차 전략

박정규(Jeong-Gyu Park),이형오(Hyung-Oh Lee) 한일경상학회 2023 韓日經商論集 Vol.101 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to look at trends in the Japanese mobility industry, analyze Toyota Motor’s mobility strategy, and then seek implications for the Korean government and companies. The reason for looking at Japan’s industrial trends is that not only has Japan made various efforts early on in this field, but Korea is similar to Japan in demographic structure, and so there are many things to refer to from Japan’s industrial trends. Also, looking at Toyota Motor’s case in relation to corporate strategy, we can find that the company not only clearly presents its strategy as a mobility company, but is actually implementing it by launching various products and services. Research design, data, and methodology: As to the Japanese mobility industry trend, we first briefly look at the Japanese government’s policies, and then look at the trends by components of the mobility industry such as electric vehicles, autonomous driving, personal mobility, and flying cars. And regarding Toyota Motor’s mobility strategy, we look at electric vehicle strategies and development organizations, and look at strategies for each field, including automobiles, MaaS, personal mobility, and flying cars. Results: As a result of analyzing trends in the Japanese mobility industry, the following points were confirmed. At first, the basic direction of mobility policy in the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry was securing mobility services that provide new value, realizing carbon neutrality and reducing traffic accidents, and strengthening the industry’s international competitiveness. In the automobile industry, we find that the electrification of automobiles had a significant impact on the industrial structure, resulting in the weakening of the vertical division of labor and the advancement of the horizontal division of labor. In the mobility field, not only automobiles but also personal mobility plays an important role. The Japanese government was promoting deregulation in this field, and startups were playing a large role in the private sector. In addition, in the field of UAM, or flying cars, the government and the private sector were cooperating to improve various standards. In addition to industry trends, this study examined the strategy of Toyota Motor Corporation, and found that the company is advancing into each field that makes up the mobility industry and pursuing business in all directions. First, in the automobile sector, the company was a little late in moving to electric vehicles, but it set a new direction by announcing a large-scale electric vehicle investment plan in December 2021. In addition to investing in electric vehicles, the company was pursuing a transformation of its automobile business from hardware-centered to MaaS-centered, the key elements of which were MSPF and Autono-MaaS. The company also actively entered the personal mobility field and the UAM or flying car business. Implications: This study presented the following implications for Korea through consideration of the Japanese mobility industry. First, there is a need to actively refer to Japanese policies when establishing mobility-related policies at the Korean government level. Second, Korean companies also need to actively utilize the experience of Japanese companies, especially in the service sector, when establishing mobility strategies. Thirdly, there is a need for companies in the two countries to jointly solve social problems of both countries and to explore the global market through cooperation, and to this end, the government’s efforts to revitalize exchanges between companies from both countries are needed.

엔터테인먼트기업 전략의 국제비교 연구 : 글로벌기업과 한국기업의 비교

이형오,안지영 숙명여자대학교 경제경영연구소 2010 기업경제연구 Vol.39 No.1

The purpose of this article is to compare Korean firms with global firms in the entertainment industry and to explore some implications for effective corporate strategies in the industry. The companies in the analysis are News Corporations, Time Warner, Vivandi, Walt Disney, Viacom, and Sony as global firms, and CJ, Orion, KT, and SKT as Korean large firms. As the result of the analysis, we find that most of the global and Korean large firms in the industry have diversified into various genres such as movie, music, broadcasting, game, etc., and have vertically integrated diverse value activities such as production, investment, distribution, merchandising, etc. although there are some differences among firms. As to the theoretical explanation for the behaviors of those firms, this article points out economies of scope as the reason for diversification and reduction of uncertainty as the reason for vertical integration. In addition, this paper suggests some implications from the analysis. 본 연구의 목적은 엔터테인먼트 산업의 글로벌기업과 국내 대기업을 비교연구하고, 이를 통하여 이 산업에서의 효과적인 기업전략에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 분석대상에 관해서는 글로벌기업으로 뉴스코퍼레이션, 타임워너, 비방디, 월트 디즈니, 바이어컴, 소니를 고찰하였고, 국내 대기업으로 CJ, 오리온, KT, SKT를 고찰하였다. 분석결과, 글로벌기엽과 국내 대기업이 각 기업별로 어느 정도의 차이점은 있었지만, 대부분 영화, 음악, 방송, 게임 등 다양한 장르 분야로 다각화하고 있으며, 또한 제작, 투자, 배급, 상품판매와 같이 가치사슬 상강한 수직통합을 하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이렇게 엔터테인먼트 산업에서 기업들이 수직통합과 다각화를 하는 이유로서 다각화의 경우는 범위의 경제를, 수직통합의 경우는 불확실성의 축소를 들었다. 나아가 이러한 분석을 토대로 엔터테인먼트 산업 내 기업들에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.