전투경험이 삶의 회고과정을 경유하여 정신적 웰빙과 정신질환에 이르는 경로 분석

이현엽(Hyunyup Lee),강성록(Sungrok Kang) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2021 한국군사학논집 Vol.77 No.3

The current study aimed to examine the pathways on mental well-being and mental illness following combat exposure among older veterans. The data were collected from Korean Vietnam War veterans in 2017, and the mean age of the sample (367 veterans) was about 72 years old (SD = 2.66). Path analyses showed that combat exposure was significantly associated with late-onset stress symptomatology(LOSS), and then LOSS had positive relationships with both positive appraisals and negative appraisals of military service. Veterans who perceived their military service in a positive light showed higher levels of mental well-being and lower levels of mental illness, while those who perceived their military service as negative reported higher levels of mental illness. These results imply that interventions for mental health among older veterans should focus on finding meaning and values of their military service. Study limitations and implications were additionally discussed.

육군 장병의 스마트폰 과의존이 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 영향

이현엽(Lee, Hyunyup),현승주(Hyun, Seungju),황원준(Hwang, Wonjune),고재원(Ko, Jaewon) 대구과학대학교 국방안보연구소 2021 사회융합연구 Vol.5 No.6

Given that soldiers were allowed to use smartphone in the military as of 2020, it is necessary to examine the association of smartphone overdependence with mental health among soldiers. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the effects of smartphone overdependence, attitude to military service, and unit cohesion on subjective well-being among the Republic of Korea Army soldiers (Enlisted 5,142, Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers 1,429). Correlation analysis showed that soldiers with higher levels of smartphone overdependence reported lower levels of positive attitude to military service, unit cohesion, and life satisfaction, but higher levels of negative emotion. Hierarchical regressions showed that positive attitude to military service and unit cohesion had independent effects on subjective well-being, while smartphone overdependence did not have a unique impact among the Enlisted group. Similarly, positive attitude to military service and unit cohesion were independently associated with subjective well-being, but smartphone overdependence was found to be a non-significant predictor among the Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers group. However, smartphone overdependence had the unique impact on negative emotion, even after controlling the effect of positive attitude to military service and unit cohesion. These results indicate that smartphone overdependence is negatively associated with subjective well-being, but its impact can decrease in the presence of positive resources such as positive attitude to military service and unit cohesion. Thus, efforts to increase the positive resources are needed in parallel with efforts to reduce overuse of smartphone in the military. Implications and limitations were additionally discussed.

육군 병사들의 스마트폰 사용 유형과 스마트폰 과의존 및 정신건강과의 관련성

이현엽(Lee, Hyunyup),강성록(Kang, Sungrok) 한국군사문제연구원 2024 한국군사 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구는 현역 육군 병사들의 스마트폰 과의존과 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 스마트폰 사용 유형을 검증하기 위해 1,651명이 설문 조사를 통해 응답한 자료를 이용하여 분석했다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 성인용 콘텐츠는 스마트폰 과의존 및 심리적 불편감과 유의한 정적 관련성을 나타냈으며, 금융 및 건강관리, 교육/학업 관리, 생활관리는 삶의 만족도와 정적인 관련성을 보였다. 다중 회귀분석에서는 스마트폰 사용 유형 중 성인용 콘텐츠만 스마트폰 과의존과 심리적 불편감을 증가시키는 차별적인 영향력을 나타냈다. 이에 성인용 콘텐츠가 스마트폰 과의존을 매개하여 심리적 불편감에 영향을 미치는지 분석한 결과 성인용 콘텐츠의 직접효과 및 스마트폰 과의존의 매개효과가 모두 유의했다. 이러한 결과들은 스마트폰 사용 유형에 따라 긍정적·부정적 영향이 다르게 나타날 수 있으며, 특히 정신건강 및 건전한 스마트폰 사용을 위해서는 성인용 매체 이용에 대한 리더의 개입 또는 제도적 장치가 마련되어야 함을 시사한다. The current study aimed to examine the types of smartphone usage behavior and their association with smartphone overdependence and mental health among Korean Army soldiers, using the data that were collected from 1,651 Korean male soldiers. A bivariate correlation analysis showed that adult content was positively associated with smartphone overdependence and psychological distress. In contrast, content related to for banking, health care, education, and life management showed a positive relationship with life satisfaction. A regression analysis indicated that only adult contents had a unique relationship with smartphone overdependence and psychological distress. Thus, an additional analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect of smartphone overdependence. This analysis found that the impact of adult contents on psychological distress was partially mediated by smartphone overdependence. These results implied that the effects of smartphone use-whether positive or negative—depend on on the types of smartphone usage behavior, and that especially, interventions addressing adult contents are essential for promoting mental health and ensuring an appropriate smartphone use among Korean Army soldiers.

성격과 자기효능감이 사격술에 미치는 영향: 메타버스 기반 영점 사격 및 실탄 영점 사격을 중심으로

이현엽(Hyunyup Lee),현승주(Seungju Hyun),이상규(Sangkyu Lee),이병학(Byounghwak Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

Psychological factors derived from individual differences, as well as perceptual-motor skills, can affect rifle marksmanship. Given that personality and self-efficacy are significantly related to shooting-related performance, this study aimed to examine the effects of personality and self-efficacy on shooting performance among 299 shooters who had never fired with live ammunition, using an metaverse-based shooting system that simulates with six-degrees of freedom trajectories of various projectiles and live-bullet zeroing-fire. Binary logistic regressions showed that extraversion, as one of the Big Five personalities, significantly predicted better performance in both metaverse-based (odd ratio = 1.12, p < .05) and live-bullet (odd ratio = 1.12, p < .05) zeroing-fire. However, no other types of personality or self-efficacy were associated with marksmanship performance. Additionally, individuals who successfully performed zeroing-fire using the metaverse-based simulator were more likely to succeed in live ammunition zeroing-fire, after controlling for the effect of extraversion (odd ratio = 2.05, p < .05). These results show that extraversion can boost rifle shooting performance. In addition, simulation shooting system using six-degrees of freedom trajectories can be effective to improve marksmanship and high-angle firearms such as a mortar.

전투 시 살상 경험이 노년기의 정신건강과 주관적 신체건강에 미치는 영향: 베트남전 참전 제대군인을 중심으로

이현엽(Hyunyup Lee),강성록(Sungrok Kang) 대한스트레스학회 2022 스트레스硏究 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 베트남전에 참전했던 제대군인들로부터 수집한 자료를 활용하여 살상 경험과 전투노출 경험이 노년기 정신건강과 주관적 신체건강에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 살상 경험 유무와 전투노출 경험 유무에 따라 무경험 집단, 전투노출 집단, 살상 및 전투노출 집단으로 구분한 뒤 외상 후 스트레스 장애 증상, 불안 증상, 적대감, 주관적 신체건강에 있어 차이를 나타내는지 검증한 결과, 살상 및 전투노출 집단이 가장 높은 수준의 외상 후 스트레스 증상, 불안 증상, 적대감을 보였으며, 주관적 신체건강은 무경험 집단에서 가장 높은 수준을 나타냈다. 해당 결과는 전투지역에 파병되어 임무를 수행한 군인들의 심리적․신체적 회복을 위한 개입 시 전투노출 외상뿐만 아니라 살상 경험을 함께 고려해야 함을 시사한다. Background: The current study aimed to examine the effects of combat exposure and killing on mental and subjective physical health later in life among Korean Vietnam War veterans. Methods: The data were collected from 342 male veterans with a mean age of 72 years (SD=2.57). Veterans were divided based on their histories into three groups: no experience (Group 1), combat exposure only (Group 2), and both killing and combat exposure (Group 3). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined group differences in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, anxiety symptoms, hostility, and perceived physical health. Results: The ANOVAs showed that PTSD, anxiety symptoms and hostility were most prevalent among the veterans in Group 3 (both killing and combat exposure). No significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 2. Perceived physical health was highest among the veterans in Group 1 (no experience). There were no differences between Groups 2 and 3. Even after controlling for the impacts of optimism and social support after homecoming, these results were similar. Conclusions: The findings indicate that killing experience and combat exposure should be considered in designing interventions for veterans deployed into active combat zones.

베트남전 참전군인의 정신적 웰빙과 관련된 개인적‧가족적‧사회적 체계 요인

이현엽(Lee, Hyunyup) 대구과학대학교 국방안보연구소 2022 사회융합연구 Vol.6 No.1

The current study aimed to examine variables of personal, familial, and social aspects that relate to mental well-being among Korean Vietnam War veterans. The data were from 348 male veterans, and their mean age was 72 years (SD = 2.6 years). War veterans were classified into three groups (Languishing 26.7%,, Moderately Mentally Healthy 63.2%, and Flourishing 10.1%) based on the criteria of Keyes(2005). One-way analysis of variance showed that the Flourishing group was significantly higher than the Languishing group in terms of optimism, self-rated health (personal aspects), emotional support, communication, help for decision making (familial aspects), and community support and levels of knowledge on social policy for veterans (social aspects). Additionally, the text mining method showed that increase in war veterans pension and accessibility to medical service were the main issues that the government should do for the veterans. Therefore, it is important to establish a culture of respect for veterans in the community, as well as increasing personal and familial resources for resilience. In addition, social policy for financial support and medical service should be implemented for successful aging of Korean Vietnam War veterans.

군 조직에서 스트레스 관련 성장의 영향 요인

이현엽(Hyunyup Lee) 대구과학대학교 국방안보연구소 2023 사회융합연구 Vol.7 No.6

Much prior research has examined predictors of post-traumatic growth (PTG). However, less is known about information on predictors of stress-related growth (SRG). Thus, the current study aimed to examine the impacts of intra-personal factors (resilience, grit, distress tolerance) and organizational factors (organizational commitment, organizational identification) on SRG after military training. We used the data collected from 289 prospective cadets (men = 262, women = 27) who received basic military training for five weeks (mean age = 19.5 years). A hierarchical regression analysis showed that resilience was significantly associated with SRG, even after controlling the effect of perceived stress (β = .199, p < .01). However, grit and distress tolerance did not have differential impacts on SRG. In the final model including organizational variables, resilience still remained as a significant predictor (β = .144, p < .05). Organizational commitment (β = .447, p < .001) and identification (β = .118, p < .05) also showed positive impacts on SRG. These results imply that organizational commitment and identification as well as resilience as an intra-personal resource can be helpful for positive change after adversity in the military. Therefore, military leaders or policy makers should exert to improve soldiers' favorable attitudes or the sense of unity toward the military.

병사의 지각된 스트레스와 자살사고의 관계에서 삶의 의미의 조절효과

현승주(Seungju Hyun),강성록(Sungrok Kang),이현엽(Hyunyup Lee),최윤영(Yoonyoung Choi) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2021 한국군사학논집 Vol.77 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine whether meaning in life moderates the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation among Korean Army soldiers. The participants were all 370 male soldiers, and their mean age was about 21 years (SD=1.18). They were asked to complete five related questionnaires, which include Perceived Stress Scale(PSS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire(MLQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire(SIQ), and Social Support Scale. Using SPSS macro Process model 1, we found that meaning in life significantly moderated the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation, even after controlling for social support. Specifically, the higher the perceived stress, the greater the increase in suicidal ideation in the low-meaning in life group than the high-meaning in life group. Next, self-esteem positively predicted meaning in life in a hierarchical regression analysis. These results suggest that promoting meaning in life can help alleviate suicidal ideation symptoms. Additionally, the effect of intervention such as growth writing, which can enhance the level of meaning in life and then reduce suicidal ideation, was discussed.