새터민 청소년의 유행어 인식 및 사용 특성 - 유행어 사용을 통해 본 새터민 청소년의 언어 적응 양상 -

이현나,김화수 국제다문화의사소통학회 2013 국제다문화의사소통학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

본 연구는 청소년 언어문화의 특징 중 하나인 유행어 사용에 주목하고, 다문화적 성격을 지닌 새터민 청소년과 일반 청소년의 유행어 인식 및 사용 특성을 비교·분석하여 새터민 청소년의 언어적응 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 만 15세에서 24세의 새터민 청소년과 일반 청소년 45 명씩을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 그 중 무성의한 답변을 한 설문지를 제외한 40부씩을 분 석하였다. 새터민 청소년과 일반청소년의 유행어 인식을 빈도 분석한 결과, 유행어 사용의 빈도, 유행어 습득의 경로, 하루 중 매체 접촉 시간 등에서는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, 유행어 사 용의 이유, 유행어를 알아듣지 못해 곤란했던 경험, 유행어 사용의 필요성, 유행어 습득을 위한 노력, 유행의 습득의 유익 등에서는 사회적 소속감을 중요시하고, 주변을 의식하여 의식적으로 유행어를 습득·사용하는 새터민 청소년의 이주민적 언어적응 양상이 뚜렷하게 드러났고, 언어 표현의 효율성과 재미를 추구하며 자연스럽게 유행어를 습득하는 일반청소년의 유행어 사용 양 상을 확인할 수 있었다. 새터민 청소년과 일반 청소년 간의 유행어 사용 특성을 비교·분석한 결과, 새터민 청소년이 일반 청소년에 비해 유행어 친숙도 반응, 유행어 이해능력 및 표현능력의 점수 모두 유의미하게 낮게 산출되었다. 이는 새터민 청소년이 남한 사회에서 문화적 충격과 더불어 큰 언어적 이질감 을 경험함을 입증하는 결과라 볼 수 있다. 남한정착기간(36개월 미만, 36개월 이상)에 따른 새터 민 청소년 간의 유행어 사용 특성을 비교·분석한 결과, 유행어 이해능력을 제외하고, 유행어 친 숙도 반응 및 유행어 표현능력 점수에서 남한정착기간이 36개월 이상인 새터민 청소년의 점수 가 유의미하게 높게 산출되었다. 이를 통해, 남한사회에 정착하고, 일정기간이 지나면 자연스럽 게 유행어에 적응해가는 양상을 보인다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 남한정착기간이 36개월 이상 인 새터민 청소년의 유행어 사용특성 변인 점수는 일반 청소년의 점수에 비해 모두 낮게 산출 되었는데, 이는 새터민 청소년이 남한 사회에 적응하는 기간과는 별도로 주변화되는 적응양상 이 두드러짐을 반증한다고 볼 수 있다. 새터민 청소년과 일반 청소년 각각의 유행어 친숙도 반응, 유행어 이해능력, 유행어 표현 능 력 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 새터민 청소년은 유행어 사용 특성 각 하위변인 간 모두 유의 한 상관을 보였으나, 일반 청소년의 경우, 유행어 친숙도 반응과 유행어 표현능력 간 유의한 수준의 상관을 보이지 않은 것을 통해, 새터민 청소년은 자주 접한 유행어의 의미를 이해하고 그것이 자기화 되었을 때 표현하는 반면, 일반 청소년의 경우에는 친숙 정도와 관계없이 유행어 를 쉽게 모방하고, 유포하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 남한 정착 기간(36개월 미만, 36개월 이상)에 따른 새터민 청소년 각각의 유행어 친숙도 반응, 유행어 이해능력, 유행어 표현능력 간의 상관 관계를 분석한 결과, 남한 정착 36개월 미만 새터민 청소년은 유행어 사용 특성 각 하위변인 간 모두 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 남한 정착 36개월 이상 새터민 청소년은 일반 청소년의 유행어 사용특성 각 하위 변인 간 상관과 마찬가지로 유행어 친숙도 반응과 유행어 표현능력 간에는 유의한 수준의 상관을 보이지 않았다. 이를 통해, 남한에 정착하고 36개월이 지나면, 생소한 유 행어라도 유행어를 공유하는 또래집단 및 주변인들의 유행어 사용 패턴을 모방하면서 친숙도와 크게 상관없이 유행어 사용이 습관화되는 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 유행어가 새터민 청소년의 남한 사회 조기 적응에 적잖은 영향을 미치 는 요인 중 하나로 작용한다는 것을 입증하며, 새터민 청소년의 남한 이주 초기에 유행어에 대 한 적응 교육이 필요함을 시사한다. This study focused on using buzzwords, one of the features of language culture of teenagers by comparing and analyzing the differences in features of buzzword recognition and usage between teenage North Korean refugees (TNKRs), who have multiple cultures, and South Korean (SK) teenagers. It also tried to determine the language adaptation condition of TNKRs. By targeting 45 SK teenagers and 45 TNKRs from 15 years to 24 years old, the survey was carried out and after deleting questionnaires which were not answered honestly, 40 questionnaires of SK teenagers and 40 of TNKRs were analyzed. The results show from analysis of the frequency relating to buzzword recognition by TNKRs and SK teenagers, there were no significant differences between the groups in the frequency of using buzzwords, the course of the acquisition of buzzwords, contact time of the media, and so on. However, in respect to the reasons for using buzzwords, the experiences of having trouble due to ignorance of them, the necessity of using attempts for acquiring them, merits of acquiring them, and so on, because TNKRs put emphasis on sense of belonging, it could be found, they showed the language adaptation condition, considering surroundings and acquiring · using buzzwords, which is the feature of teenagers of North Korean refugees. Moreover, these conditions were different from SK teenagers, who pursue effectiveness and fun of language expression and acquire them naturally. Results from comparison and analysis of the difference in usage of buzzwords between TNKRs and SK teenagers, TNKRs showed lower scores in the degree of intimacy, understanding ability, and expression ability on buzzwords than SK teenagers. This result shows the experience of TNKRs as a linguistic difference as well as culture shock in the society of South Korea. After considering the settling period, (under 36 months, over 36 months), when the usage feature of buzzwords between TNKRs and SK teenagers was compared and analyzed, in respect to scores of the degree of intimacy and expression ability of buzzwords, without comprehension ability on them, over 36 months settled teenagers showed significantly higher scores. Through this, if some time has passed after settling in the society of South Korea, it was found, they adapted to buzzwords of South Korea naturally. However, in all variables of the features of buzzword usage of teenagers, teenagers over 36 months settled in the society of South Korea still showed lower scores than SK teenagers, which disproves adaptation condition neglected by the society regardless of settling period and adaptation time. Results from analysis of correlations between the degree of intimacy, comprehension ability, expression ability of buzzwords between TNKRs and SK teenagers, in all low rank variables of the features of buzzword usage, TNKRs showed significant correlations. But, SK teenagers didn't show it in the degree of intimacy and expression ability of them. Therefore, it could be found, TNKRs expressed buzzwords after they understood and acquired them, but SK teenagers could imitate and spread them easily regardless of the degree of intimacy with them. After considering settling period, (under 36 months, over 36 months) when correlations of their degree of intimacy, comprehension ability, and expression ability of them were analyzed, in all low rank variables of the features of buzzword usage, teenagers under 36 months settled showed significant correlations. But, teenagers over 36 months settled didn't show significant correlations in the degree of intimacy, and expression ability of them, which is similar to SK teenagers. Through this, after settling in the society of South Korea, if 36 months have passed, it is thought, despite unfamiliar buzzwords, as imitating patterns of usage of their peer group and other people, TNKRs make a habit of using them regardless of the degree of intimacy with them. This result proves, as one factor, buzzwords influence early adaptation of TNKRs to the society of South Korea significantly. Moreover it has also meaning, in the early period of settling in the society of South Korea, that adaptation education on buzzwords is required for TNKRs.

북한이탈 청소년의 의사소통을 위한 유행어 사용실태 및 사용특성 연구

이현나(Hyun Na Lee),김화수(Wha Soo Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2013 言語治療硏究 Vol.22 No.4

This study focused on using buzzwords, a feature of teenage language culture, by comparing and analyzing the differences in features of buzzword recognition and usage between teenage North Korean refugees (TNKRs), who have multiple cultures, and South Korean (SK) teenagers. It also tried to determine the language adaptation condition of TNKRs. The survey was carried on 40 SK teenagers and 40 TNKRs between the ages of 15 and 24. The results show that TNKRs put emphasis on sense of belonging and they showed language adaptation by acquiring and using buzzwords. Second, results from comparison and analysis of the difference in usage of buzzwords of TNKRs showed lower scores in the familiarity, comprehension, and expressive ability of buzzwords than SK teenagers. Third, this result shows the experience of TNKRs as a linguistic difference as well as culture shock in the society of South Korea. After considering the settling period, (under 36 months, over 36 months), when the usage feature of buzzwords between TNKRs and SK teenagers was compared and analyzed, with respect to scores of the degree of familiarity and expression ability of buzzwords, without comprehension ability, the over 36 months group showed significantly higher scores. Through this, if some time has passed after settling in the society of South Korea, it was found that they adapted to buzzwords of South Korea naturally. Fourth, results from analysis of correlations between the degree of familiarity, comprehension ability, expression ability of buzzwords between TNKRs and SK teenagers showed that with regard to buzzword usage, TNKRs showed significant correlations. Fifth, TNKRs expressed buzzwords after they understood and acquired them, but SK teenagers could imitate and spread them easily regardless of the degree of familiarity. After considering the settling period, when correlations of their degree of familiarity, comprehension ability, and expression ability were analyzed, teenagers under 36 months settled showed significant correlations. However, teenagers settled for over 36 months show no significant correlations in the degree of familiarity, and expression ability, similar to SK teenagers. Through this, after settling in the society of South Korea, if 36 months have passed, it is thought, despite unfamiliar buzzwords, as imitating patterns of usage of their peer group and other people, TNKRs make a habit of using the words regardless of their degree of familiarity. This result proves that buzzwords influence early adaptation of TNKRs to the society of South Korea.Moreover it also means, in the early period of settling in the society of South Korea, that adaptation education on buzzwords is required for TNKRs.

Challenge for Diagnostic Assessment of Deep Learning Algorithm for Metastases Classification in Sentinel Lymph Nodes on Frozen Tissue Section Digital Slides in Women with Breast Cancer

김영곤,송인혜,이현나,김성철,양동현,김남국,신동호,유연수,이교운,김다혜,정휘진,조현빈,이현규,김태우,최종현,서창원,한성일,이영제,이영서,유형련,이용주,박정환,오소희,공경엽 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.4

Purpose Assessing the status of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by pathologists is an essential task for the accurate staging of breast cancer. However, histopathological evaluation of SLNs by a pathologist is not easy and is a tedious and time-consuming task. The purpose of this study is to review a challenge competition (HeLP 2018) to develop automated solutions for the classification of metastases in hematoxylin and eosin–stained frozen tissue sections of SLNs in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods A total of 297 digital slides were obtained from frozen SLN sections, which include post–neoadjuvant cases (n=144, 48.5%) in Asan Medical Center, South Korea. The slides were divided into training, development, and validation sets. All of the imaging datasets have been manually segmented by expert pathologists. A total of 10 participants were allowed to use the Kakao challenge platform for 6 weeks with two P40 GPUs. The algorithms were assessed in terms of the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results The top three teams showed 0.986, 0.985, and 0.945 AUCs for the development set and 0.805, 0.776, and 0.765 AUCs for the validation set. Micrometastatic tumors, neoadjuvant systemic therapy, invasive lobular carcinoma, and histologic grade 3 were associated with lower diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion In a challenge competition, accurate deep learning algorithms have been developed, which can be helpful in making frozen diagnosis of intraoperative SLN biopsy. Whether this approach has clinical utility will require evaluation in a clinical setting.

Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: General Overview

이준구,전상훈,조용원,이현나,김국배,서준범,김남국 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.4

The artificial neural network (ANN)–a machine learning technique inspired by the human neuronal synapse system–was introduced in the 1950s. However, the ANN was previously limited in its ability to solve actual problems, due to the vanishing gradient and overfitting problems with training of deep architecture, lack of computing power, and primarily the absence of sufficient data to train the computer system. Interest in this concept has lately resurfaced, due to the availability of big data, enhanced computing power with the current graphics processing units, and novel algorithms to train the deep neural network. Recent studies on this technology suggest its potentially to perform better than humans in some visual and auditory recognition tasks, which may portend its applications in medicine and healthcare, especially in medical imaging, in the foreseeable future. This review article offers perspectives on the history, development, and applications of deep learning technology, particularly regarding its applications in medical imaging.

기본술기 표준 개발을 통한 비용감소 및 업무 효율화

하은주,임은영,정미랑,한주희,이현나,김정아,최정화,최혜란 한국의료QA학회 2006 가을학술대회 Vol.2005 No.2

Diagnostic Assessment of Deep Learning Algorithms for Frozen Tissue Section Analysis in Women with Breast Cancer

김영곤,송인혜,조승연,김성철,김미림,안수민,이현나,양동현,김남국,김성완,김태우,김대영,최종현,이기선,마민욱,조민기,박소연,공경엽 대한암학회 2023 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.55 No.2

Purpose Assessing the metastasis status of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for hematoxylin and eosin–stained frozen tissue sections by pathologists is an essential but tedious and time-consuming task that contributes to accurate breast cancer staging. This study aimed to review a challenge competition (HeLP 2019) for the development of automated solutions for classifying the metastasis status of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods A total of 524 digital slides were obtained from frozen SLN sections: 297 (56.7%) from Asan Medical Center (AMC) and 227 (43.4%) from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), South Korea. The slides were divided into training, development, and validation sets, where the development set comprised slides from both institutions and training and validation set included slides from only AMC and SNUBH, respectively. The algorithms were assessed for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and measurement of the longest metastatic tumor diameter. The final total scores were calculated as the mean of the two metrics, and the three teams with AUC values greater than 0.500 were selected for review and analysis in this study. Results The top three teams showed AUC values of 0.891, 0.809, and 0.736 and major axis prediction scores of 0.525, 0.459, and 0.387 for the validation set. The major factor that lowered the diagnostic accuracy was micro-metastasis. Conclusion In this challenge competition, accurate deep learning algorithms were developed that can be helpful for making a diagnosis on intraoperative SLN biopsy. The clinical utility of this approach was evaluated by including an external validation set from SNUBH.

MOMeMOM : 임산부를 위한 일상 속 감성 헬스케어 서비스

서정민(Jeongmin Seo),조민기(Mingi Jo),이현나(Hyeonna Lee),이문환(Munhwan Lee),김한종(Han-jong Kim) 한국디자인학회 2021 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Current Applications and Issues

박찬우,서성욱,Kang Noeul,Ko BeomSeok,Choi Byung Wook,Park ChangMin,Chang Dong Kyung,김휘영,Kim Hyunchul,이현나,Jang Jinhee,Ye Jong Chul,Jeon Jong Hong,Seo Joon Beom,Kim Kwang Joon,Jung Kyu-Hwan,Kim Namkug,Paek Se 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.42

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have greatly advanced and become a reality in many areas of our daily lives. In the health care field, numerous efforts are being made to implement the AI technology for practical medical treatments. With the rapid developments in machine learning algorithms and improvements in hardware performances, the AI technology is expected to play an important role in effectively analyzing and utilizing extensive amounts of health and medical data. However, the AI technology has various unique characteristics that are different from the existing health care technologies. Subsequently, there are a number of areas that need to be supplemented within the current health care system for the AI to be utilized more effectively and frequently in health care. In addition, the number of medical practitioners and public that accept AI in the health care is still low; moreover, there are various concerns regarding the safety and reliability of AI technology implementations. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce the current research and application status of AI technology in health care and discuss the issues that need to be resolved.