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의성분지(義城盆地)에 분포(分布)하는 백악기(白堊紀) 경상누층군(慶尙累層群)의 셰일에 관(關)한 암석지구화학(岩石地球化學)
이현구,이찬희,김상중,Lee, Hyun Koo,Lee, Chan Hee,Kim, Sang Jung 대한자원환경지질학회 1997 자원환경지질 Vol.30 No.1
The shales from the Euiseong area are interbedded along the bedding in Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup, which are composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and associated with trace amount of biotite, muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, hematite, carbonate and clay minerals. The ratio of $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ and $K_2O/Na_2O$ in shales from the Shindong Group are ranged from 9.16 to 24.32 and from 1.70 to 5.97, and the Hayang Group ranged from 2.76 to 8.89 and from 0.42 to 2.74, which are negative correlated between $K_2O/Na_2O$ and $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ against $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ respectively. Those are suggested that controlled of mineral compositions in shales due to substitution and migration of elements by sedimentation and diagenesis. These shale formation were deposited in basin of terrestrial environments originated from the igneous rocks, and the REE of these rocks are not influenced with diagenesis and hydrothermal alterations on the basis of $Al_2O_3$ versus La, La against Ce, Zr versus Yb, the ratios of La/Ce (0.43 to 0.62) and Th/U (1.11 to 10.71). The narrow range in trace and REE element characteristics as Co/Th (0.63 to 1.92), La/Sc (1.98 to 5.90), Sc/Th (0.58 to 1.30), V/Ni (0.90 to 3.25), Cr/V (0.45 to 1.78), Ni/Co (1.88 to 6.67) and Zr/Hf (30.04~60.87) of these shales argues for inefficient mixing of the simple source lithologies during sedimentation. These rocks also show much variation in $La_N/Yb_N$ (6.90 to 17.02), Th/Yb (4.17 to 13.68) and La/Th (1.98 to 5.90), and their origin is explained by derivation from a mixture of intermediate to acidic igneous rocks.
남성(南星) 금광산산(金鑛山産) 에렉트럼의 산상(産狀)
이현구,김상중,최선규,Lee, Hyun Koo,Kim, Sang Jung,Choi, Seon Gyu 대한자원환경지질학회 1987 자원환경지질 Vol.20 No.4
This paper describes the mode of occurrence and mineralogical properties of electrum from the Namseong Gold-Silver deposits, for the purpose of obtaining data on the characteristics of the ore deposits and the behavior of gold and silver during the mineralization. The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, fluorite. Ore minerals are mainly composed of pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena with minor amount of argentite, electrum, pyrargyrite, native silver and unidenfied mineral(Cu-Fe-Ag-S series). Three stage of mineralization recognized are, from early to later, (I) pyrite-electrum stage (II) sphalerite-chalcopyrite-galena-argentite-electrum stage (III) sulfosalts stage. The filling temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from $225^{\circ}$ to $335^{\circ}C$. The value of sulfur fugacity estimated by means of electrum-tarnish method ranges from $10^{-11.5}$ to $10^{-14}$ atm. The compositional heterogeneity within a single grain with respect to gold concentration is common in the Namseong electrums Chemical composition of electrum ranges generally between 25~45 atom% Au. Its gold content decreases in late stages of mineralization.
Phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes with stable white color depending on luminance
이현구 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.21 No.-
We fabricated simple and color-stable phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) without an interlayer using a single host of 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene with iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl) pyridinato- N,C2’]picolinate and bis(1-phenylisoquinoline)(acetylacetonate) iridium(III) as blue and red phosphorescent emitters, respectively. The CIE 1931 color coordinate difference of the white OLEDs is (0.008, 0.007) when the luminance of the device is increased from approximately 265 cd/m2 to 9156 cd/m2, which is regarded as visually indistinguishable in practice. In addition, we also measured the decay time of excitons to investigate the emission mechanism in this device using transient photoluminescence and electroluminescence techniques.
『주역』과 분석심리학의 鍊金術— 곤(困)⋅정(井)⋅혁(革)⋅정(鼎)괘를 중심으로 —
이현구,신성수 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2013 동양문화연구 Vol.16 No.-
I-Ching has formed earlier among the Asian Scriptures. Afterwards Ten Wings (十翼傳) was made, it has changed from the fortunetelling book to the philosophical one as being extended and deepen. Consequently I-Ching becomes not only the instrument of divinatory sign for actual life but also the means for cultivating of inner life. Encountering between I-Ching and Taoism makes the culminative form about the cultivating mind. Then the integrating aspect of man-centered can be made as harmony through the outer and inner realm. Europe has developed the alchemy. It has been connected with the gnoticism. Alchemy has been started from the desire of alchemist which extracts the gold from the matter symbolically. It has been the base of European thought for a long time. It is focused newly by C. G. Jung in modern times. Jung discovered that the result of alchemist’s work is not only the actual gold but also the final object of psyche. European alchemy also does not limit at the outer phenomenon as Asian I-Ching. They reflect the aspect of human being’s psyche. They have been put and sublimated the psychic contents at their own place through the long history with human. At this view point this paper tries to approach the K'un-Opression(困卦), Ching-The Well(井卦) and Ko-Revolution(革卦), Ting-The Caldron(鼎卦) of I-Ching through the alchemical aspect of the analytic psychology. As this paper written the process of alchemy(nigredo-albedo-rubedo) can be related K'un-Opression (困卦):nigredo, Ching-The Well(井卦):albedo and Ko-Revolution(革卦), Ting-The Caldron(鼎卦):rubedo. I-Ching and alchemy search for the eternal gold which is unchanging psyche. This gold has been waited for being blossomed as the flower in the universal human psyche as rising above the difference between East and West. 주역은 동양의 여러 경전 중에서 비교적 초기에 형성된 형태를 갖고 있다. 이후 해설서인 「역전」이 생기면서 점서에서 철학서로 확대되고 심 화되었다. 그 결과 주역은 생활에 필요한 점괘를 얻는 도구에만 그치는 것이 아니라 인간의 내적인 수양의 방편으로도 활용이 되었다. 주역과 도가(道家)와의 만남은 수양의 결정판을 형성하게 된다. 그래서 인간을 중 심으로 안과 밖이 하나로 어우러지는 통합의 관점을 만들어가게 된다. 서양에서는 일찍이 연금술의 개념이 있었다. 영지주의(靈知主義)와 맥 을 같이하면서 상징적으로 물질에서 금을 축출하려는 욕구에서 비롯한 연금술은 상당 기간 서양 사상계의 근간을 이루고 있었다. 현대에 이르러 융(C. G. Jung)에 의해 연금술은 새로운 조명을 받게 된다. 융은 연금술사 들의 작업의 결실이 물질적인 금(金)일 수도 있겠지만 정신적인 궁극의 목적물을 추구하는 면도 있음을 발견한다. 서양의 연금술도 동양의 주역과 같이 외적인 현상에만 머무는 것이 아니라 인간의 정신적인 면을 반영한다. 동양의 주역과 서양의 연금술 은 각자의 자리에서 오랜 역사를 인류와 함께 하면서 모든 정신적 내용물 들을 안에 담아오고 승화시켜 왔다. 이런 관점에서 분석심리학의 연금술 을 통하여 주역 곤(困)⋅정(井)⋅혁(革)⋅정(鼎)괘를 이해하여 보았다. 연 금술의 흑화(nigredo)-백화(albedo)-적화(rubedo)의 과정은 주역 곤괘(困卦) 의 흑화, 정괘(井卦)의 백화, 그리고 혁괘(革卦)와 정괘(鼎卦)의 적화로 연 결됨을 알 수 있다. 주역과 연금술은 정신적으로 불변하는 영원한 금 (金)을 지향한다. 그 금은 동서양의 차이를 뛰어 넘어 보편적 인간 심성 안에서 꽃으로 피워지기를 기다린다.