Circadian Rhythm Hypotheses of Mixed Features, Antidepressant Treatment Resistance, and Manic Switching in Bipolar Disorder

이헌정,손기훈,금동호 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.3

Numerous hypotheses have been put forth over the years to explain the development of bipolar disorder. Of these, circadian rhythm hypotheses have gained much importance of late. While the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivation hypothesis and the monoamine hypothesis somewhat explain the pathogenic mechanism of depression, they do not provide an explanation for the development of mania/hypomania. Interestingly, all patients with bipolar disorder display significant disruption of circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycles throughout their mood cycles. Indeed, mice carrying the Clock gene mutation exhibit an overall behavioral profile that is similar to human mania, including hyperactivity, decreased sleep, lowered depression-like behavior, and lower anxiety. It was recently reported that monoamine signaling is in fact regulated by the circadian system. Thus, circadian rhythm instability, imposed on the dysregulation of HPA axis and monoamine system, may in turn increase individual susceptibility for switching from depression to mania/hypomania. In addition to addressing the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the manic switch, circadian rhythm hypotheses can explain other bipolar disorder-related phenomena such as treatment resistant depression and mixed features.

전수면박탈이 정상인의 청각 사건관련전위에 미치는 영향

이헌정,전호석,김린,서광윤,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Chun, Ho-Seok,Kim, Leen,Suh, Kwang-Yoon 대한수면의학회 2003 수면·정신생리 Vol.10 No.2

목 적:본 연구는 청각 사건관련 전위를 이용하여 전수면박탈이 인간의 신경생리에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 방 법:고려대학교 재학생 중 건강한 자원자 24명을 대상으로 하여 총 38시간의 수면박탈을 시행하였고 2일간 아침, 저녁으로 총 네 차례 청각 사건관련 전위를 실행하였다. 결 과:P300과 N200의 잠복기가 유의하게 길어졌으며(p<0.001) 진폭도 수면박탈의 결과로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 수면박탈에 따라서 P200의 진폭이 유의한 증가를 보였다. 그러나 N100에서는 수면박탈에 따라서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 결 론:청각 사건관련전위중 P300과 N200가 수면박탈 상태를 반영하는 표지자로 생각된다. 향후 수면박탈이 사건 관련전위에 미치는 영향의 신경생리학적 기전에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychophysiological effects of total sleep deprivation by using auditory event-related potentials. Methods: Twenty four healthy college students (18 men, 6 women) participated in this study. The subjects remained awake for 37 hours under continuous surveillance. In the morning and the evening of two consecutive study days, auditory event-related potentials were checked. Results: The latencies of P300 and N200 were significantly prolonged (p<0.001) and their amplitudes decreased (p<0.05) as a consequence of sleep deprivation. The amplitude of P200 was significantly increased during sleep deprivation (p<0.05). However, there was no significant change in the latency and amplitude of N100. Conclusion: Among the components of auditory event-related potentials, P300 and N200 are good indicators of sleep-deprived status. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms of these findings.

궁시의해(弓矢義解)에 나타난 궁도교가(弓道教歌)연구

이헌정 한국일본학회 2018 한국일본학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.02

1960년대 양궁(洋弓)대회 참가를 둘러싼일본 궁도(弓道)계의 양상 ‒잡지 『弓道』와 참가자들의 대담 내용을 중심으로‒

이헌정 한국일본근대학회 2019 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.63

In this study, focus on 1967, Junji Miyata, a Kyudo player that participated in the Amersfoort International Archery Competition as a traditional Japanese bow. And analyzed talking that the player by Junji Miyata and supervisor by Hosoi Hidehiko. First, Hosoi and Miyata did not readily accept that archery was going to the archery competition. Because that Kyudo and archery were thought to have different developmental rules and competition rules. However, in Miyata, a considerable sense of challenge was demonstrated and actively engaged. As a result of the report prepared by Miyata after the contest and the newspaper articles published at the time, Miyata did not think that the participation of the archery competition was simply a one-time event, and ordered development through scientific analysis. However, in 1968, the All Nippon Kyudo Federation withdrew completely from the archery and concentrated on archery as a tradition. No longer kyudo will go to the archery competition. Ultimately, the transformation of archery as an international game ended in a single attempt, but this series of events means that, at least at the stage of 1967, the archery is not merely an image of tradition. It also implies the possibilities of modern sports. When we look at this, it can be said that the flow of postwar Kyudo was not simply a process of restoring, maintaining and inheriting the tradition. It is determining the direction of archery’s identity and development. 본 연구에서는 1967년 일본의 궁도 선수인 미야타 준지가 아메르스포르트 국제양궁대회에 일본의 전통 활로 참가한 것에 착목하여 당시 대회에 참가했던 선수인 미야타 준지(宮田純治)와 감독을 맡았던 호소이 히데히코(細井英彦)의 대담을 분석하였다. 호소이와 미야타는 모두 궁도가 양궁시합에 나간다는 것에 대해서는 쉽게 받아들이지 않았다. 이는 궁도와 양궁은 도구의 발달 방식과 경기규칙이 서로 다르다고 생각했기 때문이었다. 그러나 미야타가 대회 후에 작성한 보고서와 당시에 발간된 신문 기사들 또한 함께 본 결과, 호소이와 미야타는 궁도의 양궁대회에 참가에 대한 입장이 바뀌었음을 알 수 있었다.미야타는 양궁대회의 참가가 단순히 일회성 이벤트로 끝나는 것으로 생각한 것이 아닌, 양궁과의 대등한 경기를 위해 궁구와 사법의 과학적인 분석을 통한 개발을 주문하기도 하였으며 호소이 또한 참가 자체에 대해서는 회의적이었으나 이후의 발전 가능성을 생각하고 있었다. 이는 양궁 종목이 나왔을 때의 전궁련의 반응과 무관하지 않았다. 전궁련은 궁도의 양궁대회 참가를 생각하고 있었으며, 세계적으로 활약하는 일본 궁도에 대한 열망이 있었다. 그러나 이듬해인 1968년, 전일본궁도연맹은 양궁으로부터 완전히 철수하여 전통으로서의 궁도에 집중하게 되었다. 더 이상 궁도가 양궁대회에 나가는 일은 없게 된 것이다. 이를 보았을 때 전후 일본궁도의 흐름은 단순히 전통을 복원・유지하고 계승해가는 과정이 아닌, 궁도의 정체성과 발전의 방향을 정하는 과정이었다고 할 수 있다.

전수면박탈이 정상인의 불안, 기분, 졸리움 및 피로도에 미치는 영향

이헌정,김린,조숙행,서광윤,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Kim, Leen,Joe, Sook-Haeng,Suh, Kwang-Yoon 대한수면의학회 1999 수면·정신생리 Vol.6 No.1

목 적 : 저자들은 40시간의 전수면박탈을 시행하여 수면 박탈이 정상인의 불안, 기분, 졸리움, 피로감에 어떠한 영향을 주는 지를 평가하고, 동시에 개인의 평소의 불안 성향이 수면박탈에 의한 상태불안, 기분, 졸리움, 피로감에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 대학생 중 정신적, 신체적으로 건강하며 수면각성주기에 이상이 없는 자원자 29명(남:여=22:7, 평균 연령=$24.59{\pm}1.35$)을 대상으로 하였다. 피험자들은 전날 충분한 수면을 취한 후 기상하였으며 이후 다음날 오후 10시까지 총 40시간동안 수면박탈을 시행하였다. 상태-특성불안척도, 일반기분척도, 스텐포드 졸리움 척도, 피로도 설문을 3시간 간격으로 시행하였으며 이의 시간에 따른 변화를 분석하였고, 또한 피험자의 평소 불안성향에 따라서 상태불안, 기분, 졸리움, 피로도의 변화에 어떠한 차이가 있는 지를 살펴보았다. 결 과 : 수면박탈에 따라서 상태불안은 증가하며, 기분은 부정적이 되며, 졸리움과 피로도가 증가하였다(p<.001). 특성불안이 높은 군과 낮은 군을 나누어 비교하였을 때, 상태 불안은 특성불안이 높은 군과 낮은 군간에 차이가 있었으나(p<.05) 상태불안의 증가 양상의 차이가 있는 것은 아니었다. 기분은 특성불안이 높은 군과 낮은 군간에 차이가 없었으나(p>.05) 기분의 변화의 양상과 특성불안사이에는 교호작용이 있어(p<.05), 특성불안이 높은 군에서 수면박탈에 따라서 기분의 악화가 심하였다. 또한 수면박탈에 의한 상태불안, 부정적 정서, 졸리움, 피로도의 변화는 새벽 4시에서 아침 7시 사이에 심한 악화를 보였다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 수면박탈이 졸리움을 유발하고, 부정적인 기분과 불안감 및 피로도를 증가시킨다는 것을 보여준다. 개인적 특성으로서의 특성불안의 수준에 따라 수면박탈에 의한 일반적 기분상태의 악화가 보여진다. 또한 수면박탈에 의한 상태불안, 부정적 정서, 졸리움, 피로도의 변화는 일주기 리듬의 영향으로 새벽에 심한 악화를 보여 실제생활에서 주의를 요한다. Objectives: A number of studies have shown that sleep deprivation results in reduced vigilance and increased negative affects such as tension, depression and anger. However there are few studies about effects of sleep deprivation on anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 40 hour sleep deprivation on state anxiety, affects, sleepiness and fatigue. The authors also intended to study the effect of trait-anxiety on these psychological variables after sleep deprivation. Methods: Twenty nine subjects(22 men, 7 women, $24.59{\pm}1.35$ years of age) participated in this study. Subjects had no past history of psychiatric disorders and physical illnesses, and had normal sleep-waking cycle without current sleep disturbances. All of the subjects completed sleep dairy for two weeks to exclude some who suffered from chronic sleep deprivation or sleep disturbances. Subjects were instructed to get a normal sleep as usual at night before the study. After awakening, subjects remained awake for 40 hours under continuous surveillance. They completed State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Index of General Affect, Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Fatigue Questionnaire every three hours, therefore they completed the scales 14 times totally. Subjects were dictated not to take caffeine, alcohol, or any medications on the day of the study. Heavy exercises and naps were restricted too. Results: Sleep deprivation resulted in increased state anxiety, negative general affects, and increased sleepiness and fatigue(p<.001). Dividing into high trait-anxiety group and low trait-anxiety group, there was significant sleep deprivation x traitanxiety interaction effect on general affect(p<.05). But, there was no significant sleep deprivation x trait-anxiety interaction effect on state-anxiety, sleepiness and fatigue. During sleep deprivation, the highest ratings of scales on anxiety, negative affect, sleepiness and fatigue occurred between 4 : 00AM and 7 : 00AM. Conclusions: These results show that sleep deprivation results in increased anxiety, mood state disturbance and increment of sleepiness and fatigue. These findings also suggest that trait-anxiety is a factor that influences the degree of worsening in general affect caused by sleep deprivation. During sleep deprivation, the rating curves of anxiety, affect, sleepiness and fatigue show rhythmicity that may be related to circadian rhythm.

만성수면부족의 사회적 영향

이헌정,김린,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Kim, Leen 대한수면의학회 2003 수면·정신생리 Vol.10 No.2

Industrialization has brought great changes in human life. Human sleep patterns have also been much influenced by industrialization and the invention of electricity and the light bulb. Insufficient sleep is a common problem with considerable health, social, and economical impacts on modern society. In this review, we will outline the present state of insufficient sleep in our society, especially catastrophic accidents related with chronic sleep insufficiency. We will discuss the effect of sleep deprivation on human performance by reviewing the literature. We will also emphasize the role of sleep specialists in this issue and highlight the areas in which the principles of sleep medicine can constructively improve public policy and public health.

No Evidence for Association between Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene Val81Met Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenia

이헌정,강승걸,Jung-Eun Choi,박영민,임세원,이민규,김승현,김린 대한신경정신의학회 2009 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.6 No.2

Objective: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. Because the TH Val81Met polymorphism is located in the amino-terminal regulatory domain of the tetrameric enzyme, it is a candidate marker for susceptibility to dopamine-related traits. We investigated the hypothesis that TH Val81Met polymorphism can influence susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia. Methods: TH Val81Met polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-based methods in 83 schizophrenic patients with TD and 126 schizophrenic patients without TD, matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. ResultsaaThere was no significant association of the genotype and allele requencies determined by the TH Val81Met polymorphism between TD and non-TD patients. In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores among the three genotype groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations imposed by the size of the clinical sample, these findings suggest that the Val81Met polymorphism of the TH gene does not contribute significantly to the risk for TD.

No Association between Dopamine D3 Receptor Gene Ser9Gly Polymorphism and Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenia

이헌정,강승걸,Jung-Eun Choi,박영민,임세원,김린 대한정신약물학회 2008 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.6 No.2

Objective:Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a long-term adverse effect of antipsychotic drug use. Ser9Gly polymorphism of the dopamine 3 receptor (DRD3) has been shown to affect dopamine binding affinity, and may contribute to the susceptibility of antipsychotic-induced TD. This study investigated the possible association between DRD3 gene variant and TD. Methods:We evaluated whether a DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism is associated with antipsychotic-induced TD in 209 Korean schizophrenia patients with (n=83) and without TD (n=126) who were matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. Results:There was no significant association between genotype and allele frequencies determined by the Ser9Gly polymorphism of DRD3 between TD and non-TD patients. In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores among the three genotype groups. Conclusion:Within the limitations imposed by the size of the clinical sample, these findings suggest that the Ser9Gly polymorphism of DRD3 does not contribute significantly to the risk of TD.

Rf - magnetron 스퍼터링 법을 이용한 MOS 게이트용 HfO₂ / Hf - silicate 박막의 증착 및 특성 분석

이헌정,배근학,정동근,강혁수,노용한,양철웅 한국진공학회 2001 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

Si(100)기판 위에 증착된 CeO₂(200)박막과 CeO₂(111)박막의 전기적 특성 비교

이헌정,김진모,김이준,정동근 한국진공학회 2000 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-