Anton Chekhov 「The Cherry Orchard」의 社會性에 대한 考察

李昌九 청주대학교 예술문화연구소 1987 淸藝論叢 Vol.1 No.-

The Cherry Orchard is generally regarded as Chekhov's masterpiece. An ancestral estate is to be sold at auction, but there is no last-minute rescue by a hero, no parchase of the estate by a villain. The Cherry Orchard is a symbolic, nostalgic story of the futility of the old Russian nobility and their inability to cope with the modern world, but they are treated with sympathy and understanding, Madam Ranevsky, with her kindness, extravagance, and gracious ways, enders herself to us from the start. On the other hand she is helpless and useless when it comes to practical problems is the new world of business and progress. The best she can do on the eve of the auction is to give one more lovely party. And so Lopakhin, the newly-rich businessman, bays the Cherry Orchard-Lopakhin, whose father had been a peasant on the estate, who had never forgotten Madam Ranevsky's kindness to him as a ragged boy with a bleeding face. The play lives bacause of the vividness and compassion with which Chekhov has drawn his characters. It is not necessary to have murders, mistaken identity, intrigue, and other theatrical paraphernalia. These characters become our intimate acquaintances ; consequently even trivial events become moving. Thus Chekhov revealed hidden potentialities, if not in the life of the time, at least in ways of seeing and showing human life, if not in society, at least in the dramatic art.

條件化 接近法(Conditioning Approach)에 대한 理論的 考察

李昌龜 단국대학교 경영대학원 1994 經院論叢(壇國大學校) Vol.13 No.-

Chinese Mathematics in Chosun

이창구,홍성사,Lee, Chang Koo,Hong, Sung Sa The Korean Society for History of Mathematics 2013 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.26 No.1

중국 수학을 토대로 조선 수학이 발전된 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 이 논문에서는 조선에 유입된 중국 산서의 역사를 조사하여 중국 수학이 조선 수학에 끼친 영향을 연구한다. 15세기 세종(世宗)대에 들어온 중국 수학, 17세기 서양 수학의 영향을 받은 중국 수학과 19세기 중국에서 재정리된 송, 원대의 수학으로 나누어 이들이 유입되는 과정도 함께 조사한다. It is well known that the development of mathematics in eastern Asia was based on Chinese mathematics. Investigating Chinese mathematics books that were brought into Chosun, we study how Chinese mathematics influenced Chosun mathematics. Chinese mathematics books were brought into Chosun in three stages, namely basic mathematics books in the era of King SeJong(1397-1450), Chinese mathematics books influenced by western mathematics in the 17th century and finally those with commentaries on mathematics of Song-Yuan era in the 19th century. We also study the process of their importations.

2차원 금속칼코겐박막 대면적합성 및 응용

이창구 대한기계학회 2015 기계저널 Vol.55 No.12

舞臺扮裝論(Ⅰ)

李昌九 동국대학교 연극영상학부 1976 演劇學報 Vol.9 No.-

Commedia dell'arte에 관한 연구

이창구 청주대학교 예술문화연구소 1997 淸藝論叢 Vol.14 No.-

Alongside the drama of the court and academy there grew up another quite different form, Commedia dell'arte. It was actor-centered, improvied and adaptable to almost any playing condition. The actor was the heart of commedia dell'arte and almost the only essential element. The script was a scenario which merely outlined the principal action and its outcome. The actors improvised the dialogue and developed the complications as the situation seemed to demand. The same set of stock characters appeared in all the plays performed by a single troupe, and the same actor always played the same role. The typical characters may be divied into three categories : lovers, masters, and servants. There are many theories about the origin of commedia dell'arte. Some scholars argue that it was descened directly from the Atellan farce of Rome, and that after the fall of Rome actors preserved traditions which sprang back into prominence when times became more favorable. There are similarities in physical appearance and basic traits among some of the commedia stock figures and those of Atellan farce, but there is no positive evidnece to prove any direct connection between them. The commedia actors played for all types of audiences and produced a genuinely popular theatrical form. Many troupes ere invited to play at the courts, but they were equally at home in the market place or at fairs ; they at times performed regular drama, but wrer more famous for their improvised scripts. After public theatres began to the built in Italy in the seventeenth centry, the troupes made use of them, and scenarios were written to take advantage of perspective scenery, machinery, and special effects. The commedia exerted considerable influence on a number of later writers, perhaps most notably moliere in France. The renewed interest in classical drama, the development of the picture-frame seage, perspective scenery, elaborate machinery for special effects and scene shifting, opera, and commedia dell'arteall of these products of the Italian Renaissance were to be important influences on the theatre of later times.

누수유에 있어서 밑다짐 두께의 차이가 보수력 및 수호량에 미치는 영향

이창구 한국농공학회 1969 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.11 No.1

본실험(本實驗) 관개방법(灌漑方法)을 합리화(合理化) 시켜서 관개용수(灌漑用水)를 절약(節約)하고 보수력(保水力)을 증대(增大)시키는 동시(同時)에 증수(增收)를 꾀하는 방법(方法)으로서 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)의 이화학적성질(理化學的性質)에는 별차이(別差異)가 없었으며 관개수질(灌漑水質) 기타(其他) 기온(氣溫) 강우량등(降雨量等) 모든 값이 각처리구(各處理區)에 모두 동질(同質)이었다. 2. 엽간중(葉稈重)은 각처리구간(各處理區間)에 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. 밑다짐의 두께에 있어서는 9cm 두께구(區)가 다소(多少) 성적(成績)이 좋았으나 경제성(經濟性)으로 보아 3cm구(區)가 가장 적당(適當)한 것으로 생각된다. 4. 수량(收量)에 있어서는 밀집(區)가 우월(優越)하였으나 이것은 다비(多肥)의 효과(效果)가 발효(發效)된 것으로 보며 그내용한(耐用限)이 문제점(問題點)이며 $2{\sim}3$년(年)마다 반복작업(反復作業)을 해야 할것으로 보며 노력(勞力)이 많이 소요(所要) 될 것이다. 5. 금년도(今年度)에는 시험구작성관계(試驗區作成關係)로 인(因)하여 표토(表土)와 심토(心土)가 다소(多少) 이동혼합(移動混合) 되었을 것이므로 완성(完成)한 시험결과(試驗結果)인가 의문(疑問)되나 일주수수(一株穗數)와 일수입수(一穗粒數)의 변화(變化)에는 유의차(有意差)를 보였다. 6. 본시험(本試驗)은 밑다짐한 후(後) 보통재배법(普通栽培法)에 의(依)하여 관개(灌漑)하였는데 $5{\sim}6$일(日) 1회(回)의 관개(灌漑)로서 밑다짐90cm구(區)에서 44.9% 밑다짐6cm 구(區)에서 39.7% 밑다짐 3cm 구(區)에서 36.3%의 용수절약(用水節約)을 보았다. 7. 수량(收量)에 있어서 밀짚(區)가 23.8% 밑다짐 90cm 구(區)에서 20.1% 밑다짐3cm구(區)에서 12%의 증수(增收)를 보았고 비닐 $3cm/m^3$ 구멍구(區)에서 12.5%의 증수(增收)를 보았다. 8. 임실율(稔實率)이 양호(良好)하였으며 도정율(搗精率)이 75%로서 품질(品質)이 향상(向上)되었다. A field expeperiment has been conducted in order to explore possibilities of efficient and economical irrigation methods for the rice cultivation through which irrigation water may be saved and rice paddies may keep water for longer period of time, resulting in an increased yield of rice. Some of the major findings from the experimentation are summarized in the following. 1. There is slightly significant difference among experimental plots in the weight of rice straw. 2. The 9cm-lined plot proves to be the best in terms of the thickness. In this connection, however, it seems to by 3cm. 3. The wheat straw-lined plot is found superior in yield. However, this may be resulted in by the application of more fertilizer, and how long the plot could be durable may be problematic. Since every two or three years the straw-lining work has to be done, more labour may be required of the plot. 4. It would be inappropriate to expect any meaningful experimental results for the first year, since surface soil and deep soil are mixed up in the course of work. There is not observed any meaningful difference in the number of ears per stalk and in the number of grains per ear. However, in the lined plots, the number of tillers is slightly increased. 5. Irrigation has been applied by means of ordinary method after lining. When irrigation is applied at the interval of five to six days, irrigation water is saved by 44.9 per cent in the case of 9cm-lined plot, 39.7 per cent in the case of 6 cm-lined plot, and 36.3 percent in the case of 3 cm-lined plot. 6. An increased yields arenoted in the wheat straw-lined plot by 23.8 per cent, in the 9 cm-lined plot by 20.1 per cent, in the 3 cm-lined plot by 12 per cent. and in the case of vinyl-lined plot by 12.5 per cent. 7. The rate of maturity of grains is proved better, and the husking rate also found better(75%), that is, the quality of rice grains is improved.

舞臺裝置의 史的 考察

李昌九 淸州大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.18 No.2

The basic repertory of Greek architecture was in crease I in one respect only, the open-air theater achiered a regular, defined shape. Before the fourth century, the fourth century auditorium had simply been a natural slope, preferably curved, equipped with stone benches, now the hillside was provided with concentric rows of seats, and with staircase-aisles at regular intervals, as at Epidaurus. At the center is the orchestra, where most of the action took place. At the extreme right we see the remains of a hall-like building that formed the backdrop and supported the scenery. In terms of the stage setting, the Roman was similar to the Greek except that the Roman stage setting was more complicated and brilliant. I studied the literature on the drama, the changes of stage setting and the effect of stage setting on the drama from ancient times to the 20th century and I came to the conclusions as follows. Stage setting changes in accordance with the changes of the feature of each period. In ancient times, they had religeous Drama, in middle ages drama for entertainment in a pantomime, and in the 20th century they had modern drama with have various froms of expression. Stage setting has been in fluenced by the tides of art such as romanticism in the days of Renaissance, realism in the 19th century, surrealism and realism and symbolism in the 20th century. Stage setting has close relationship with the shape of stage. In ancient times stage setting had close relationship with the circle stage and the semecircle stage in the field, the moving stage in middle ages and the modern shape of theater in modern times. Architects and painting artists have contributed to the stage setting the architects in the days of Renaissance, the painting artists in the 19th century and the painting artists, sculptors and architects in the 19th century have contributed much to stage setting. Stage setting has been influenced by the development of stage engineering. The 19th century gave to the stage the realistic play and its fourth wall. The 20th century provided settings and lights, that were far more beautiful and expressive than anything the theater had known before. The new stagecraft made over the production methods of the theater of the civilized world. Also, it enabled plays to be written in new ways. It made the realistic drama more illusive, but it also helped the writer to develop a very different technique.

디지털 라디오 데이터 서비스 현황 및 전망

이창구 한국방송·미디어공학회 2016 방송과 미디어 Vol.21 No.3

인내천 가는 길

이창구 청주대학교 예술문화연구소 1996 淸藝論叢 Vol.10 No.-