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국내 유통 경질 폴리우레탄 폼에 대한 냉동 컨테이너의 적용 및 표준화
이준혁(Joon-Hyuk Lee),주아람(A-Ram Joo),박용근(Yong-Geun Park),김수진(Su-Jin Kim),이순홍(Soon-Hong Lee) 표준인증안전학회 2017 표준인증안전학회지 Vol.7 No.4
본 연구에서는 국내 유통 경질 폴리우레탄 폼 10종과 폴리올, MDI, TCPP, 멜라민을 토대로 발포한 자체개발 폼 1종을 대상으로 냉동 컨테이너 용도에 부합하는 표준을 기준하였다. 등급별 인증규격 정립을 위해 난연성, 열전도율, 압축강도, 굴곡강도, 흡수율의 5대 항목을 2종으로 분류하였으며 그에 따른 시제품 시험결과는 각각 0.022 W/m․K, V-0, 0.35 MPa, 0.11 MPa, 1.31 g/100㎤로 나타났다. 시제품의 경우 굴곡강도와 흡수율 부문에서 등급 외 판정이 도출되었으나, 이는 냉동 컨테이너용 표준규격이 고시되어 관련 산업계의 연구개발이 이루어진다면 어렵지 않게 달성할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. Rigid polyurethane foam on thermally insulated containers is discussed with respect to the need of standardization. 10 samples of rigid polyurethane foam were bought from the domestic market and we mixed 1 sample with following main components; polyol, MDI(Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), TCPP(Tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate) and melamine. 5 selected evaluation list including thermal conductivity, flammability, absorption, compressive and flexural strength were grouped into 2 classes. The mean values of market samples with aforementioned evaluation list were 0.022 W/m․K, V-0, 0.35 MPa, 0.11 MPa, 1.31 g/100㎤ and the samples failed to reach 2 evaluation list. However, we believe that the addressed problem could be solved with new approach of research and development which targeted on the revised rating standard.
이준혁(Joon-Hyuk Lee),홍성호(Sung-Ho Hong),이흥수(Heung-Su Lee),박문우(Moon-Woo Park) 한국화재소방학회 2021 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.35 No.5
리튬이온배터리 화재 및 폭발의 주요 원인 중 하나는 배터리에서 발생하는 가연성 가스이며, ESS와 같이 배터리 다수가 밀집된 경우 열폭주 및 화재 전이로 인한 위험성이 크다. 이에 따라 국내·외에서 리튬이온배터리의 가스 발생 및열폭주 현상을 예측하고 예방하기 위한 연구가 다수 진행되고 있으나 아직 현재진행형인 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 리튬이온배터리 열폭주 전후에 발생하는 가스를 분석하여 열폭주로 인한 위험을 경감시킬 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 한다. 발생 되는 가스의 종류 및 특성 등을 파악하여 열폭주 시 조기 감지에 의한 예방의 토대를 구축하는 것이다. 실험을 위해 리튬이온배터리를 외관별(원통형, 각형, 파우치형), 양극재별(NCM, NCA, LFP)로 구분하였고 가로, 세로,높이가 각 1.5 m인 챔버 내에서 리튬이온배터리에 열적 이상 조건을 가하여 시간별로 발생하는 가스를 측정하였다. 가스 측정을 위해 FT-IR 분석장치를 사용하였으며, 별도의 수소 센서를 챔버 내에 설치하여 리튬이온전지의 시간별 가스종류 및 측정량 변화를 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 모든 리튬이온배터리에서 CO2와 CO가 가장 많이 발생 되었다. 열폭주이후 각형 및 파우치형에서는 CO2는 증가하고 CO가 감소하였으며, 원통형에서는 CO2와 CO 모두 증가하였다. 독성가스인 HF와 폭발범위가 넓은 H2 또한 발생되었으며, 두 가스의 농도는 상호 간 반비례 관계를 나타냈다. A main cause of fires and explosions in lithium-ion batteries is the generation of combustible gases by them, and whena large number of batteries are densely packed, like in an Energy Storage System, there is a high risk of thermal runawayand fire propagation. Currently, many studies are being conducted worldwide to predict and prevent the generation ofcombustible gases, and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, but they are still in progress. Therefore, in this study, weanalyzed the gases generated before and after thermal runaway in lithium ion batteries, to prepare a basis for reducing therisk of thermal runaway. We aimed to establish the basis for prevention by early detection in the event of thermal runaway,by understanding the type and characteristics of the generated gases. For the experiment, lithium ion batteries were classifiedin terms of appearance (cylindrical, prismatic, pouch type), and cathode materials (NCM, NCA, LFP). The gases generatedwas measured against time. An FT-IR analyzer was used for gas measurement, and a separate hydrogen sensor was installedin the chamber to analyze changes in the types of gas, and measure the mass of the lithium ion battery over time. In theexperiment, CO2 and CO were generated the most during thermal runaway in all lithium-ion batteries. Thereafter, CO2increased, and CO decreased in the prismatic and pouch types, and both CO2 and CO increased in the cylindrical type. HF(a toxic gas), and H2 having a wide explosive range, were also generated, and the concentrations of these gases were inverselyproportional to each other.
후쿠시마 원전사고 종적사례연구를 통한 원전에너지 안전성 고찰
이준혁 ( Joon Hyuk Lee ),진영민 ( Young Min Jin ),조영혁 ( Young Hyuk Jo ),이순홍 ( Soon Hong Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2016 한국안전학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Nuclear energy is considerably cheap and clean compared to other fossil fuels. Yet, there are rising safety concerns of nuclear power plants including the possibility of radiation releasing nuclear accidents. In light of the Fukushima nuclear crisis in 2011, Japan has been re-evaluating their existing energy policies and increasing the share of alternative energy. This paper first tracks the major historical changes of energy policy in Japan by time period. Next, energy security, reignited concerns and alternative energy are covered to examine Japan``s energy security situation and its transition after the Fukushima disaster. Lastly, a short survey based on thematic analysis was conducted in South Korea and Japan to understand the public awareness of nuclear. This paper postulates that the case of Fukushima will contribute to establish and operate a safe-future nuclear program in South Korea, given that the country is not only geographically neighbouring Japan but also the world``s fourth largest producer of nuclear energy.
이준혁 ( Joon-hyuk Lee ),박용근 ( Yong-geun Park ),주아람 ( A-ram Joo ),정용안 ( Yong-an Jung ),이순홍 ( Soon-hong Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2017 한국안전학회지 Vol.32 No.1
According to an increase in demand for polyurethane soft foam for thermally insulated containers, the purpose of this study is based on redefining existing rigid polyurethane foam insulation KS standard which has been limited to building material-based authentication techniques. Since there are arising concerns of consumer rights and safety due to humidifier fungicides and urethane track incidents, there are elements to be further researched on rigid polyurethane foam insulation for refregerated containers. Thus, we reviewed the prior standards for rigid polyurethane foam insulation and verified the validity of certification testing method for the new standard with self-foamed polyurethane.