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이재협,John M. Leitner,정민정 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소 2012 Journal of Korean Law Vol.12 No.1
International climate change negotiations reached a critical crossroads in 2012. Facing the conclusion of the Kyoto Protocol and with no successor regime yet negotiated, nations have been compelled to re-engage in substantive and far-ranging discussions. The nation of Korea has distinguished itself in this process, in particular by hosting the final ministerial meeting prior to this year’s Conference of the Parties in Doha, Qatar. The Korean government’s willingness to lead has also been evidenced by Korea’s founding of the Global Green Growth Institute, a leading international organization in the area of environmentally responsible economic development, and its successful bid to host the Green Climate Fund secretariat. Korean diplomacy has aided in the consensus to extend the Kyoto Protocol and to continue efforts to implement a new climate change architecture by 2020. The importance of Korea’s facilitative role is enhanced because it has already undertaken significant domestic and cross-border efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Korean green growth policy has raised accountability for emissions, stimulated ‘green investment’, and resulted in a domestic emissions trading system to be launched in 2015. In addition, Korea exerts particular credibility on the international stage. As a nation transitioning from developing to developed status, it can liaise between both sides of the ‘north-south’ economic divide. Korea’s role in future COP meetings and other international forums should increase in future years, as nations work urgently to overcome the political barriers to a compromise that can meaningfully mitigate the impacts of climate change.
What’s Happening in the Jury Room?- Analyzing Shadow Jury Deliberations in Korea
이재협,우지숙,이준웅,최정민,신현기 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소 2013 Journal of Korean Law Vol.13 No.1
This paper looked into the jury deliberation process by examining shadow jury deliberations in 18 actual cases between November 2010 and July 2011 in Korea. Based on the direct observation and the content analysis of the videotaped deliberation, we examined four key areas in jury deliberation in order to gain insights and implications for the institutional design of the jury system: (1) the binding effect of the jury verdict, (2) the number of jurors, (3) the jurors’ deliberations regarding both conviction and sentencing, and (4) the judge’s intervention in jury deliberation. The results demonstrate that the shadow jurors in general actively participated in the deliberation process by speaking in turn, and were respectful toward other jurors in debate. The jury forepersons positively played their role by giving jurors equal chance to talk and managed the discussion well. Misunderstanding of law and the intermingling of facts relevant to conviction or sentencing were not as frequent as many people expected: when such problems occurred, they were most often corrected through the intervention of other jurors or judges. Most judges were helpful in jurors’ reaching a verdict in the jury room. Also there was no definitive relationship between the size of the jury and the quality of deliberation. On the other hand, the shadow jurors tended to state their initial positions early in the deliberation process without fully discussing the issues first. They oftentimes made arguments not based on evidence. In addition, jurors’ emotions affected decision-making in some instances. Although encouraging aspects as well as areas for improvement coexist, the overall quality of jury deliberation in Korea, as evidenced by this study, is positive. Over time, the Korean jury system is expected to be firmly established as a robust institution to increase democratic participation of the lay people and to enhance the credibility of the judiciary.
이재협,이의남,장봉순,이춘기 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.2
Study Design: Prospective in vivo toxicity study. Purpose: To evaluate the conducted acute toxicity study of Escherichia coli (E. coli )-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with 6-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats. Overview of Literature: rhBMP-2 has well-known osteoinductivity and it is used as a bone graft substitute. E. coli -derived rhBMP-2 can be mass-produced with relatively low costs. E. coli -derived rhBMP-2 facilitates osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo . However, studies regarding side effects or toxicity of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 have not been published. Thus, we conducted the acute toxicity study of E. coli -derived rhBMP-2 on 6-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: One mg of BMP-2 was diluted in 0.285 mL of glycine buffer to prepare high BMP-2 concentrations (3.5 mg/mL). Intermediate (0.9 mg/mL) or low (0.35 mg/mL) concentrations of BMP-2 solution was prepared by serial dilutions. The compound was administrated at a dose of 0, 0.7, 1.8, 7 mg/kg by single intravenous injection to five of male and female rats. After the injection, the gross general observations including changes of body weight and histopathological analysis was performed for 14 days. Results: No animal was found dead during the experiment and the body weight changes were both statistically insignificant in the control and experimental groups. No abnormal sign was shown in general observations and autopsy examinations. Conclusions: Thus, the lethal dose of E. coli -derived rhBMP-2 should be higher than 7 mg/kg with a single intravenous injection.