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李殷昌 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1981 연구논문집 Vol.23 No.2
Ⅰ The earthenware depicting the traditional culture of the Sinla and Kaya dynasty continued the historical lineage of earthenware. The influx from China greatly influenced its development and increased production in the Nakdong river area as well as Kyung-Ju, the east coast, and south coast. Research indicates that earthenware was a daily utensil in that these items have been found in the shell tombs of the dead is indicative to their usuage as a utensil for rituals and funeral rites. Accordingly, I excavated the many tombs from the Sinla and Kaya dynasties located in Kyung-Ju, especially the area of Hwagnam-Dong and Inwang-Dong in Kyung-Ju and Kenam-Ri, Kuam-Dong in Chang-Nyung. With the earthenware discovered mainly from these graves and from the site of vessel product, I investigated and researched the earthenware of the Sinla and Kaya dynasties. While doing so, I have possibly discovered the chronological order of the earthenware of these two dynasties. Fortunately with the financial support from the "Industrial-Educational Co-operation Board", I was able to investigate the chronological order of the earthenwares. For this, I express a cordial thank. Simultaneously, I classified the chronological investigation of the earthenware from the Sinla and kaya dynasties and arranged the materials and report the chronological arrangement of the earthenware. Ⅱ Of course, it is not an easy task to arrange chronologically such items which cover a span of time that is wide-spread and shows a varied number of features. Therefore, I have first of all made a chronological investigation focusing on the Kaya earthenware spread over the area of the source of Nakdong River. among the various types of earthenware, I have selected mounted cup which shows relative feature changes and use it as the basis for deciding the chronological order of these potteries. By examing the process f formulation and development of the pottery around the Nakdong river, I can classify the earthenwares of this dynasty into 4 periods: (1) The seedling and primitive period of development; (2) the formulating period where we find the genuine model of the pottery; (3) the fully developed period; and (4) the latter or refinning period of development. (1) The earthenware of the seedling and primitive period of development: The earthenware from the Ungchon tombs made of shells located in the southcoast of Nakdong River and graves in S대-Dong. U-dong, Nang-Dong, Yean-Dong, Hwamyung-dong, were in the iron age about 1-2 century A.D. Looking at these areas, I can depict that there must have already been the formation of a primitive type of earthenware in the seedling period. (2) The model of earthenware from the developing period: A group of old tombs discovered in Hwamyung-Dong, Oryun-Dae, Yean-ri in pusan, and a second old tomb found in Ja-in, Buksa-Dong in the middle region of Nakdong River are small tomb of stone wall. the earthenware excavated from these areas formed the model type of the earthenware of the Sinla and kaya dynasties. (3) The earthenware of middle period at its fully development: About in 300-500 A.D. when the culture of old tombs were fully developed in Sinla-Kaya province, there were picturesque potteries excavated from the high old tomb, such as Bukcheon-Dong the first old tomb in Pusan, the 14th old tomb at Kenam-Ri of Chang-Nyung, the 56th old tomb at Kuam-Dong of Hyup-Gok and the 44th, 45th old tomb at Jisan-Dong of Koryung. (4) The transforming period of the latter period: When it reached, about 500-600 A.D. the culture of the high old tomb. The earthenwares mainly consisted of mounted cups discovered from the (A) area of Kesung old tomb were the type of potteries in declining days of Sinla-Kaya dynasties earthenware and the type changing into burialurn with stamped designs in the United Kaya Kingdom. Ⅲ The earthenware of Sinla and Kaya dynasty appeared first in the iron age (100-200 A.D.), began to develop in the era of three kingdoms, and made three processes and development. this reached the top of the golden era of the Korean earthenware culture.