코로나19 팬데믹 위기 대응 역량의 국가별 비교분석

이윤현 한국학교·지역보건교육학회 2024 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

목적: 국가별 감염병 대응 역량을 분석하여 이를 바탕으로 우리나라의 감염병 관리 대응에 대한 개선점을찾아보고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구에서는 첫 번째로 2022년 WHO가 공개한 전 세계 96개국 SPAR 점수로 코로나19 감염병 대응 역량을 국가별로 분석하였다. 둘째, Our World in Data와 글로벌보건안보지수(GHSI)를 활용하여 각국의구체적인 코로나19 방역 성과를 분석하였다. 결과: 첫째, 2021년 1월 24일의 방역강도 지수는 동남아시아 지부 방역이 67.6으로 가장 높아 강한 방역대책을 가지고 있었고, 아프리카 지부는 44.5로 가장 낮았다. 2022년 12월 31일의 방역강도 지수는 유럽이11.6으로 대폭 낮아졌다. 둘째, SPAR 지표가 인구 백만명당 총환자수에 미친 영향 요인은 국가 실험실(C4)로p=.027이고, 인구 백만명당 총사망수에 미친 영향 요인은 감염 예방과 관리(C9) p=.005, 위험 의사소통 및지역사회 참여(C10) p=.040이었다. 1인당 GDP의 영향 요인은 감염 예방과 관리(C9) p=.009이고, GHSI에 미친 영향 요인은 감염 예방과 관리(C9) p=.002이었다. 결론: 이상의 연구결과로 감염병 역량 정도를 각 국가가 자체평가한 결과인 SPAR가 코로나19의 누적 환자수를 낮추거나 방역강도를 결정하는 것과 연관성을 발견하기 어려웠지만 사망율과 GHSI, 국민소득 등과는 일정 부분 영향을 받은 것으로 판단이 된다. 향후 우리나라의 감염병 관리 대응에 대한 개선점은 향후 미지의신종감염병이 발생했을 때를 대비하여 JEE 혹은 GHSI 등과 같은 보다 과학적이고 신뢰성 높은 데이터를 중심으로 대응역량을 분석하여 사회ㆍ경제적 비용 감소 효과를 절감할 수 있는 방역대책 수립이 필요하다. 이를기초로 공중보건학적 국가 위기에 대응하여 전문가 그룹을 중심으로 한 콘트롤타워의 주도적인 의사결정과효과적 보건 의사소통도 요구된다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze each country’s infectious disease response capacities and, based on this, find areas for improvement in Korea’s infectious disease management response. Methods: First, the capacity to respond to the COVID-19 infectious disease was analyzed by country using the SPAR scores of 96 countries around the world released by WHO in 2022. Second, we analyzed each country’s specific COVID-19 quarantine performance using Our World in Data and the Global Health Security Index (GHSI). Results: First, the quarantine intensity index on January 24, 2021 was the highest in the Southeast Asia branch at 67.6, which had strong quarantine measures, and the lowest at 44.5 in the Africa branch. As of December 31, 2022, the quarantine intensity index in Europe was significantly lowered to 11.6. Second, the factor that influenced the SPAR indicator on the total number of patients per million population was national laboratory (C4), p=.027, and the factor that influenced the total number of deaths per million population was infection prevention and control (C9), p=.005., Risk Communication and Community Participation (C10) p=.040. The influential factor on GDP per capita was infection prevention and control (C9) p=.009, and the influential factor on GHSI was infection prevention and control (C9) p=.002. Conclusion: The research findings indicate that it was difficult to find a correlation between the SPAR, which is each country’s self-assessment of their infectious disease capacities, and the number of COVID-19 cases or the intensity of pandemic responses. However, mortality rates, as well as factors such as the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) and national income, appear to be somewhat influenced. For future improvements in infectious disease management and response in our country, it is necessary to develop pandemic strategies that can reduce socio-economic costs based on more scientific and reliable data like JEE or GHSI, especially in preparation for potential unknown emerging infectious diseases. Based on this, proactive decision-making led by a control tower of experts and effective health communication are also required to respond to public health crises at a national level.

한국인과 재미동포간의 건강증진행태의 차이에 관한 연구

이윤현 한국학교·지역보건교육학회 2019 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze how the different lifestyles between Koreans and Korean Americans have significant effects on their health. Despite being the same race, Koreans and Korean Americans have different health conditions and health attitudes due to the acquired environmental factors such as social-economic factors, lifestyle risk factors, healthcare systems, and medical utilization. It is crucial to examine how the different lifestyle habits between Koreans and Korean Americans lead to various health conditions for establishing an effective health promotion policy. Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea and CHIS data of the United States in 2005 and 2015 to provide valuable insights when establishing such a policy. Results: The specific research purpose is as follows: First, socioeconomic factors, such as (1)living habits risk factors, (2)health satisfaction levels, (3)disease outbreaks, and (4)medical uses, are analyzed to find the distinct characteristics among Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans. Second, the three groups --Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans-- were compared based on their exposure to disease-related lifestyle risk factors related to their body mass index and their general health condition. The research results are as follows: First, all three groups improved health conditions in 2015 better than in 2005. Koreans maintained relatively higher general health conditions compared to other groups: their prevalence rate of chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and asthma was lower than that of U.S. residents. Second, in regards to health behavior factors, the lifetime smoking experience for Koreans and Americans both decreased in 2015 compared to 2005, while the lifetime smoking experience for Korean Americans increased slightly. The number of smokers for Koreans has greatly decreased over a decade while that of Americans has moderately increased. Third, according to the results of the multiple regression, the general health conditions, which is a dependent variable, suggests that the number of men who answered they are healthy is greater than that of women in Korea, compared to the United States. Conclusions: In conclusion, the acquired environmental factors had more significant impacts on health than the racial factors did. Compared to 2005, the health behaviors and health levels of Korean Americans in 2015 gradually became more similar to those of Americans.

A Comparison of Health Status and Health Behaviors between Korean Americans and Koreans

이윤현 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2009 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

마이크로파 및 밀리파 집적회로에서의 불연속 마이크로스트립의 전파특성에 관한 연구

이윤현 한국항공대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

본 연구에서는 무한 유전체 기판 상의 마이크로스트립 불연속 회로의 특성을 해석하였다. 마이크로스트립 불연속 특성에 전파공간영역 해석법이 적용되었고, Moment법에 의하여 마이크로스트립 회로의 전류를 계산하였으며, S 파라미터를 구하였다. 이 기법은 Sommerfeld 적분으로 표현된 포텐셜값이 관려된 Green함수를 이용한다. 기판과 표면파 효과, 스트립의 두께 및 방사 손실 등 물리적 요소도 고려하였다. 본 연구에 의한 방식은 타 방식에 비하여 계산의 잇점이 있고, 양호한 값을 도출할 수 있는 방식임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이 해석이 더 높은 주파수에서 고유전율의 기판을 가진 마이크로파 집적회로의 설계에 적용될 수 있을 것이다. In this paper, a solution is presented for the characteristics of microstrip discontinuities on an infinite dielectric substrate. A full-wave space-domain analysis is applied to the characterization of microstrip discontinuitie. This method employs the moment method to find the currents in the microstripcircuitas and subsequently the scattering parameters of the junction. this technique uses Green's functions associated with the scalar and vector potential which are expressed as Sommerfield integrals. In this approach, all the physical effects are considered, including the substrate presence and associated surface wave effect, strip finite thickness and radiation loss. It is shown that a computational advantage is provided and good accuracy is achieved by adopting this method. This type of analysis should aid in the design of microwave integrated circuits for higher grequency and high dielectric constant substrate.

병원직원의 직무만족요인분석

이윤현 한국보건사회학회 2007 보건과 사회과학 Vol.0 No.20

병원의 경영환경은 소비자 욕구의 지속적인 증가와 의료시장의 개방등 대내외적인 여건의 변화로 급속도로 악화되고 있다. 생존경쟁이 치열한 의료시장에서 각 병원은 경영환경을 개선하고 병원의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 각급 병원들은 의료서비스의 질을 높이기 위해 경쟁적으로 다양한 직무개선 프로그램을 도입하여 직원들의 직무만족에 대한 대책을 수립하고 있다. 직무만족이란 종업원이 자신의 직무에 대한 평가 결과에서 발생하는 유쾌하고 긍정적인 정서상태로서 직무특성상 다양한 기술을 사용할 수 있고 업무가 명확하며 자율성이 있을 때 생길 수 있으며, 이것은 개인의 성취감, 안정감, 성장의 원천이 된다. 이처럼 직무만족은 자기실현의 감정과 성취감으로 정의하고 있기 때문에 종업원의 직무만족과 불만족에 따라서 고객서비스의 창출은 물론 생산성 향상과도 직결된다. 따라서 병원직원의 질과 진정한 서비스가 병원 경영에 있어서 절대적인 경쟁적 요소가 된다고 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 직무만족은 최고의사결정과정에게는 조직유효성의 중요한 지표로 인정되어 왔다. 조직의 입장에서 볼 때 직무만족이 높으면 구성원의 이직율과 결근율이 감소되어 생산증대효과가 있다는 많은 연구결과들이 있다. 이렇게 볼 때 병원직원들의 직무만족정도는 병원경영에 중요한 변수로서 본 연구에서는 직무만족요인을 분석하기 위해서 경기도에 소재한 3개병원의 350명의 직원들을 대상으로 직무여건을 둘러싸고 있는 환경적인 요인만이 아니라 내재인 요인들과의 관련성을 밝히고자했다. 본 연구에서 직무만족영향요인인 조직특성요인ㆍ직무환경요인ㆍ인간관계요인ㆍ심리적인요인ㆍ가치실현요인들이 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직특성요인에서 나타난 바와 같이 자기개발기회가 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타내고 작업 환경은 가장 낮은 관계를 보였다. 이는 병원 직원들의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 조직특성 요인 중에서 개발기회가 가장 민감한 부분으로 받아들여지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 직원들의 사기진작을 위해서 근무시간을 조정하거냐 자기개발을 위한 프로그램 개발의 도입이 요청된다. 둘째, 인간관계요인에서는 직무만족에 동료와의 관계보다는 상사와의 관계가 더 높은 상관관계를 보여주고 있음은 향후 병원 관리방식 중 상사의 역할의 중요성에 대해 관심을 두어야 할 부분이라고 생각한다. 셋째, 직무환경요인은 ‘공정한 임금기준’이 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타내고 공정한 승진제도는 가장 낮은 관계를 보였는데 이는 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 조직특성 요인 중에서 ‘공정한 임금기준’이 직무만족에 중요한 변수로 받아들여지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 심리적인 요인인 사회적 인식이 직무몰입보다 직무만족에 더 큰 상관관계를 보여 주고 있다. 직업에 대한 사회적인 인식이 병원 근무자들의 근무의욕을 높이는 중요한 변수가 된다는 것이다. 다섯째, 가치실현요인으로는 가치실현의 요인은 다른 변수들과 다르게 직무만족과 가장 낮은 상관관계를 보이고 있다. 상향이동의 추구, 사회적 지위, 소득에 대한 태도로 상관성 정도가 20%이하로 매우 낮다. 장차 직원들의 직업관이나 사회적인 직업윤리에 대한 교육이 필요하다고 판단되며 사실상 동기부여가 가능하다고만 한다면 병원업무상 사회와 국가를 위해서 병든 자를 위해서 사랑을 베푼다는 정신이 바로 서기만 한다면 직무만족에 가장 강한 상관변수가 될 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 병원직원들이 직무만족을 통해서 병원의 생산성을 높이는데 중요한 요인으로는 제1요인인 사회적 친교, 개발기회, 근무시간, 복지제도, 작업 환경이 매우 중요했다. 다음으로는 제4요인인 심리적인 요인 즉 직무몰입, 활동 선호, 사회적 인식이 병원직원의 직무의 만족을 결정하는 요인으로 추정되었다. The management environment for hospitals is rapidly getting worse because of changes in the circumstances in and out of hospitals such as continuous increase of consumers needs and opening of the medical market. In the medical market where competition for survival is severe, each hospital is striving to improve its management environment and to get its competitiveness. And in order to increase the quality of its medical service, each hospital employees various programs for job improvement, through which it is establishing countermeasures for its employees job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is pleasant and positive emotional status that employees get to have through their job results. It can be made when various technologies can be used, jobs are clear, and autonomy is guaranteed. In addition, it becomes the origin of an individual s sense of accomplishment, stability, and growth. Job satisfaction is defined as a feeling of self-realization and as the sense of accomplishment so employees job satisfaction or dissatisfaction is closely related with the creation of customer services and with improvement of productivity. Consequently, the quality and the true service of hospital employees can be absolute competitive factors in management of hospitals. In general, job satisfaction has been recognized as the important index for efficacy of an organization in the process of the top management s decision making. There are many research results showing that from the viewpoint of an organization, high job satisfaction brings reduction of the members job change or absence, which makes an effect of production increase. In this respect, hospital workers job satisfaction is an important variable for the management of hospitals. This study intended to clarify the relations among workers job satisfaction, the environmental factors around the workers, and other factors. This study classifies the factors for job satisfaction into: the characteristics of an organization; job environment; interpersonal relations; psychological factor; and value realization. The findings are summarized as follows: First, in terms of the factor of interpersonal relations, the relationship with seniors, rather than with colleagues, showed higher correlation with job satisfaction. It means that hospitals need to put more importance on the roles of seniors in their management. Second, in terms of the factor of job environment, fair criteria for wage showed the highest correlation while fair promotion system showed the lowest correlation. It means that out of the characteristics of an organization influencing job satisfaction, fair criteria for wage is regarded as an important factor of job satisfaction. Third, the social understanding, one of the psychological factors, had higher correlation with job satisfaction rather than job immersion. That is, the social understanding of the job becomes an important factor to increase hospital workers will to work. Fifth, the factor of value realization showed the lowest correlation with job satisfaction unlike other factors. Pursuit of movement to a higher position, social position, and attitude toward income had less than 20% correlations. It is judged that education for employees in terms of the sense of job and the social job ethics will be needed, and only if hospital workers are correctly motivated (it is difficult in reality though) and they have the correct mind to give love to the sick for the society and the country, it will become the strongest factor for correlations with job satisfaction. In conclusion, it can be said that the first factor-social friendship, the opportunity for development, welfare systems, and working environment-is very important in increasing the productivity of hospitals through hospital employees satisfaction with their job, and that the fourth psychological factor -job immersion, preference for activity and social understanding-is working as the factor to decide ho

The Intransitive Usage of the English Verb Lay in COCA and BNC

이윤현 현대영어교육학회 2018 현대영어교육 Vol.19 No.2

One of the most confusing sets of English verbs is lay and lie; the former has been used as an intransitive verb in the place of the latter with or without speakers’ cognizance of their correct usage (National Council of Teachers of English, 1956). Using two corpora, Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus, this study examined 1) whether lay as an intransitive verb is more frequently used in American than British contexts and 2) whether it is found more often in spoken English than written English. The frequencies of the present participle of lay plus prepositions,on and in, were counted in COCA and BNC, and their normalized indexes were compared for analysis. The results showed that lay as an intransitive verb has been used more frequently in American than in British English, which implies that British speakers are more reluctant to accept the marked language form than their American counterparts. Spoken English is found to be more tolerant of non-standard forms than written English. The study suggests this intransitive usage of the English verblay, though still a marked form, should be taught to ESL/EFL learners along with its unmarked form as a transitive verb.

A Comparison of Discourse Organizational Patterns in English and Korean Thank-you-notes

이윤현 현대영어교육학회 2019 현대영어교육 Vol.20 No.1

Due to different discourse organizational patterns between western and Asian societies, Koreans tend to hold their intention to the end of their discourse while Americans clarify their purpose from the beginning. The different rhetoric structures of language learners’ L1 are claimed to have an impact on their written discourses of L2. This study explored how secondary Korean students project their inductive discourse patterns into their informal writings―thank-you-notes―in En¬glish and Korean in comparison with American students, who are considered to follow the deduc¬tive pattern. Twenty-four American college students wrote a thank-you-note to an imagery person/ object, and 30 Korean students wrote a thank-you-note first in English and later in Korean. Out of the collected 84 written samples, 50 samples, 16 from the American students and 34 from the Ko¬rean students, were examined for the final analysis. The results showed all the American students except two put their thesis statement at the beginning. On the contrary, almost half of the Korean students expressed their main idea at the end of the English thank-you-notes. This discrepancy might indicate Korean students’ tendency of organizing the discourse structure in an inductive way as opposed to American students’ strong preference of the deductive style.

영어 약모음 /ə/ 교수에 있어서 명시적 Form-Focused Instruction의 효과 연구

이윤현 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.20 No.8

This study aimed to explore how effective explicit form-focused instruction (FFI) is in teaching the schwa vowel /ə/ to EFL students in a classroom setting. The participants were 25 female high school students, who were divided into the experimental group (n=13) and the control group (n=12). One female American also participated in the study for a speech sample as a reference. The treatment, which involves shadowing model pronunciation by the researcher and a free text-to-speech software and the researcher’s feedback in a private session, was given to the control group over a month and a half. The speech samples, for which the participants read the 14 polysyllabic stimulus words followed by the sentences containing the words, were collected before and after the treatment. The paired-samples t test and non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for analysis. The results showed that the participants of the experimental group in the post-test reduced the duration of the schwa by around 40 percent compared to the pre-test. However, little effect was found in approximating the participants’ distribution patterns of /ə/ measured by the F1/F2 formant frequencies to the reference point, which was 539 Hz (F1) by 1797 Hz (F2). The findings of this study suggest that explicit FFI with multiple repetitions and corrective feedback is partly effective in teaching pronunciation. 본 연구는 명시적 형태 중심 교수법(FFI)이 영어 약모음 /ə/을 교실 상황에서 EFL 학생에게 교수하는 데 있어 얼마나 효과적인지 조사하였다. 25명의 고등학교 여학생이 13명은 실험집단에 12명은 통제집단으로 나뉘어 참여하였다. 또한, 미국인 여성 한 명도 비교 기준점을 위한 음성자료를 제공하였다. 실험집단 참여자는 한 달 반 동안 연구자의 발음과 텍스트를 음성으로 변환해주는 인터넷 프로그램의 발음을 따라 하고, 개인별로 피드백을 받았다. 처치 전, 후 참여자들은 14개의 2음절 이상 다음절 실험단어와 그 단어가 포함된 문장을 읽었으며 읽은 문장은 음성자료로 녹음되었다. 자료 분석을 위해 대응 표본 t 검증과 비모수 Wilcoxon signed-rank 검증이 사용되었다. 연구 결과에 따르면 실험군 참여자들은 사전 실험보다 사후 실험에서 영어 약모음을 약 40% 짧게 조음하였다. 하지만 모음 조음 공간에서 혀의 위치를 나타내는 F1/F2 formant에서 실험 참여자의 F1/F2 formant 분포형태는 이 연구의 기준점인 539 Hz (F1) × 1797 Hz (F2)와 상이했다. 이 연구의 결과는 반복적인 따라 하기와 적절한 피드백을 제공하는 명시적인 형태 중심 교수법(FFI)이 영어 발음 교수에 일부 효과가 있다는 것을 보여 주었다.

인터넷 금연컨텐츠 개발에 관한 연구

이윤현 남서울대학교 2003 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

These days, we are highly interested in our health and the government actively proceeds it0 the programs of national health promotion. For this, it continuously puts budgets and human resources into development of various programs and education of health for prevention of diseases. Among the businesses of national health promotion that are proceeded by the government, smoking prevention programs is noteworthy because ill effects of smoking on health are very serious and wide. According to the 1997 report made by WHO, 68.2% of Korean males who are over 15 years old smoke, which is the highest in the world. The smoking population m Korea is currently expanded to juveniles and females. In 2001, about 500,000 middle and high school students in Korea were estimated to smoke, which means that 7.4% of middle school male students, 3.2% of middle school female students, 27.6% of high school male students, and 10.7% of high school female students smoke. Juveniles' high smoking rate causes a serious problem with health because health in the adolescent period decides one's health in life. The sooner one smokes, the more one gets poisoned to nicotine so one gets to smoke more than others who start to smoke after grown up. The purpose of this study is "Development of the Internet Contents for Cyber Smoking Cessation Program" to promote smoking cessation in adolescents and young women by using on the internet contents. As a r a t of this project, we developed the Internet contents for cyber smoking cessation program, namely, "Dr. smoking" that contained various menu and database regarding anti-smoking designed by resulting this evaluation. The domain address of Dr. smoking is http://www.dmosmoking.com and our homepage has the various kinds of news, informations, self-diagnosis, prescription, consulting, no-smoking mall and so on. Second, 20 students of Nam Seoul University who want to stop smoking have participated in this study - 11 people for the control group and 9 for the comparison(uncontrolled) group. The control group has received both on-line education available on the homepage and off-line education available in the antismoking class opened in Department of Health and Management of Nam Seoul University for comparison. The comparison group has used the existing ways to stop smoking. The controlled group has shown more effects - 1.8 times higher in terms of the rate of practicing no smoking for a month, 2.4 times higher in quantity of smoking cigarettes, and 1.5 times higher in attitudes toward smoking. The above results say that if the existing ways to stop smoking and the cyber programs are combined for juveniles and females, it will get higher effects. Finally, this contents, "Dr. No Smoking" developed by this research will make a big contribution to lowering the rate of smoking in Korea, together with the existing antismoking contents.

The comparison of word level prominence between disyllabic English loanwords in Korean and their English source words in terms of English lexical stress features

이윤현 한국음운론학회 2018 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.24 No.3

English has lexical stress, which is the culmination of prominence on a specific syllable realized by the acoustic correlates of F0, intensity, duration, and vowel quality. By contrast, Korean is known not to have such prominence on any specific syllable at the word level, yet this issue is still inconclusive. This study aimed to examine whether Korean words have a syllable with prominence realized by any or all of the acoustic correlates of English lexical stress, and if so, whether the prominence is as distinctive as that of English words. To that end, a cross-linguistic comparison was made between disyllabic English loanwords in Korean and their English source words. 20 disyllabic English loanwords and 20 disyllabic English source words were selected as tokens. 10 Korean and 10 American college students read the tokens. The results showed that the second syllables of the Korean tokens had greater intensity and larger F0 than the first syllables, yet the vowels of their first syllables were uttered with greater length than those of the second syllables. By comparison, English tokens showed distinctive prominence on stressed syllables in F0, duration, and intensity. When the two languages were compared, the distinction between the syllables was significantly larger in English tokens than in Korean tokens. As for vowel quality, the study reaffirmed previous claims that Korean does not have reduced vowels and that all syllables are pronounced with full vowels.