http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이유식(Yoo-Sik, Lee) 대한임상노인의학회 2002 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.3 No.3
The overactive bladder is defined by the international Continence Society as a disorder of filling/storage in which involuntary bladder contraction are demonstrated while the patient is attempting to inhibit. If the involuntary bladder contraction are secondary to a known neurologic disease, the condition is known as detrusor hyperreflexia, If the involuntary bladder contraction are not due to a known neurologic disease, then the condition is known as detrusor instability. The symptom of the overactive bladder consist of urgency and/or frequency and/or nocturia and/or urge incontinence. These may exit singly or combination with one another. The overactive bladder can be manifested by any one or a combination or these symptoms. Treatment modalities of overactive blader will involve intervention along the whole route of the micturition reflex, and different modalities will be combined. Although it is well known that estrogen and progesterone receptors are present in the vagina, lower urinary tract and pelvic floor, and that symptomatic, cytologic, and urodynamic changes in the lower urinary tract had been demonstrated during the menstrual cycle, and following menopause, there have been few controlled studied of estrogen therapy on the overactive bladder. Peripheral targets for the drug treatment of the overactive bladder may be in the bladder, urethra, prostate or peripheral nerve. Antomuscarinic drugs are still the most widely used agents for the treatment of the bladder overactivity. Currently used drug, however, lack of sensitivity for the bladder, and this limits their usefulness. Currently, the muscarinic receptors remain a main target for drug used to treat the overactive bladder. However, the complexity of muscarinic receptor functions in the bladder and elsewhere in the body makes it difficult to predict the optimal profile of subtype selectivity for the treatment of bladder overactivity. Since M3 receptors are located not only in the bladder but also in the salivary glands and the intestine, the concept of selected M3 receptor antagonism may not offer a therapeutic advantage, since two of the most common side effects, dry mouth and constipation, would not be avoid. If the subtypes of receptors which mediate bladder contractions and those which produce the main side effects of the anti-muscarinic agents were entirely known, more effective agents with fewer side effects for the treatment of bladder overactivity might be obtainable. Pharmacologic treatment will be directed not only at function but at structure, and the concept of uroselectivity will assume greater importance.
야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로
조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6
Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.